Shadowing Practice: Everything You Didn't Know About Fluorescent Animals - Learn English Speaking with Video
Creando lección...
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Inside this box is...
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The skull of a rat.
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If I place this rat skull underneath a UV blacklight, nothing will happen.
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But I have another skull, and something different will happen with this one.
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This is a squirrel skull.
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And if I place this skull under a UV black light, something very unusual happens.
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Ultraviolet light hits the squirrel skull and is absorbed by special compounds called porphyrins.
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After absorbing the UV light, the porphyrins gain a ton of energy, which they release as a different kind of light.
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Notice how the released light has a longer wavelength than the UV light.
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That means instead of being invisible UV light, it's visible light.
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That's pink.
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Here's what the rat skull looks like.
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This is what most bones look like under a a UV light.
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But here's what a squirrel skull looks like.
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It's pink.
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When things do this, we say they're fluorescent.
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Squirrels are fluorescent pink under UV lights.
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Well, just their insides, actually.
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But there are many other fluorescent animals that glow on the outside.
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To find our next fluorescent animal will take a trip to the desert.
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Ah, what a nice view.
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What was that?
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Over there.
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A scorpion.
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Now, if we place a scorpion under a UV blacklight, Just like the squirrel, something unusual happens.
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Ultraviolet light hits the scorpion's exoskeleton, is absorbed, then released back into the world at a different wavelength that we can see.
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This is just like the squirrel skulls, but there's one big difference.
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Notice how the light released by the scorpion has a shorter wavelength than the light released by the squirrel.
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Well that means instead of glowing pink like a squirrel skull the scorpion will glow a different color.
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It's green.
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There aren't any scorpions that live around me but I bet we can still find some fluorescent animals outside using this.
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This is a special flashlight.
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Take a look at the top.
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You see those bulbs?
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Those are a bunch of UV light bulbs.
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This is a UV flashlight.
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So let's go outside and search for some fluorescent animals.
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It's nighttime.
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Let's search in this forest.
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You never know what you'll find out here at night.
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So I found a few very fluorescent animals.
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We'll start with this one.
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This is a caterpillar.
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But what kind?
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Notice the white slashes on the caterpillar's side.
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They kind of go right up to the caterpillar's spiracles, those holes that they breathe out of.
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Then, look here on the end.
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There's a long extension on the caterpillar's backside Like a horn, almost If you come across a caterpillar with white slashes And a long horn on its rear end It's likely
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A tobacco hornworm caterpillar These can eat up your tomato plants throughout the summer But this was the star of the walk.
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No other plant glowed like this in the entire forest.
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So what plant is it?
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Alright, I got it.
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So notice how the leaf is shaped like a heart.
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All of the veins start at one point, and the surface of the leaf is kind of shiny and waxy.
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This is a vine called Smilax.
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But there's something strange about this fluorescence.
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Can you tell what it is?
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Squirrel skulls, scorpions, hornworms, they fluoresce everywhere.
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But Smilax only fluoresces in some places.
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Let's take a closer look.
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Do you notice how the most fluorescent parts of the leaf are the veins?
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Smilax doesn't have fluorescent compounds all over its entire surface, like a scorpion.
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Instead, its fluorescent compounds are concentrated in its veins.
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And that's why it looks like a Jackson Pollock painting.
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All of these organisms are naturally fluorescent.
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But scientists have created fluorescent animals too.
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To find out how, we'll take a trip into the ocean.
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This is a crystal jellyfish.
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Inside these jellyfish are a bunch of special proteins that fluoresce.
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of like porphyrins on squirrels.
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So under a UV light, crystal jellyfish naturally glow green.
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In the 1990s, scientists looked at the crystal jelly's DNA and found the specific sequence that made those special glowing proteins.
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Then they cut it out and added it into the DNA of...
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a zebrafish.
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Normal zebrafish look like this under a UV light.
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But the new fish that they created with a tiny bit of jellyfish DNA looked like this.
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It glowed green.
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The scientists had created a brand new fluorescent green fish.
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Naturally, they were very excited, so they did the same thing with fluorescent coral and sea anemones.
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They sliced out pieces of of their DNA and put them into fish.
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So the fish fluoresced too.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “Everything You Didn't Know About Fluorescent Animals”. Las palabras que más se repiten: fluorescent, skull, squirrel, scorpion, Cyberghost. Este vídeo tiene 96 frases y 995 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 9:54. El hablante habla despacio, unas 101 palabras por minuto, así que hay tiempo para imitar cada sonido. Solo el 76 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| fluorescent adjetivo | /flɔˈɹɛsənt/ | fluorescente |
| squirrel sustantivo | /ˈskwɪ.ɹ(ə)l/ | ardilla |
| scorpion sustantivo | /ˈskɔɹ.pi.ən/ | escorpión, alacrán |
| glow verbo | /ɡloʊ/ | fulgir, fulgurar |
| jellyfish sustantivo | /ˈd͡ʒɛliˌfɪʃ/ | aguamala, aguaviva |
| caterpillar sustantivo | /ˈkætɚˌpɪlɚ/ | oruga, cuncuna |
| porphyrin sustantivo | /ˈpɔɹfəɹɪn/ | porfirina |
| wavelength sustantivo | /ˈweɪvˌlɛŋ(k)θ/ | longitud de onda, largor de ondo |
| vein sustantivo | /veɪn/ | vena |
| absorb verbo | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | absorber |
| flashlight sustantivo | /ˈflæʃˌlaɪt/ | linterna, foco |
| ultraviolet adjetivo | /ˌʌltɹəˈvaɪələt/ | ultravioleta |
| bulb sustantivo | /ˈbʌlb/ | bulbo, cabeza |
| skull sustantivo | /ˈskʌl/ | cráneo, calavera |
| anemone sustantivo | /əˈnɛməni/ | anémona, anemona |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| find out verbo | averiguar, anoticiarse |
| come across verbo | pasarse a |
| eat up verbo | comerse |
Frases que vale la pena repetir
Frases cortas y completas del vídeo que puedes reutilizar en la conversación diaria:
- When things do this, we say they're fluorescent.
- You see those bulbs?
- Let's search in this forest.
- If you're interested, give it a try.
- Can you tell what it is?
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 8 contracciones y formas reducidas, como we'll, aren't, doesn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: wavelength /ˈweɪvˌlɛŋ(k)θ/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: jellyfish /ˈd͡ʒɛliˌfɪʃ/, flashlight /ˈflæʃˌlaɪt/, zebrafish /ˈziːbɹəˌfɪʃ/, subscription /səbˈskɹɪpʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: caterpillar /ˈkætɚˌpɪlɚ/, ultraviolet /ˌʌltɹəˈvaɪələt/, anemone /əˈnɛməni/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: squirrel /ˈskwɪ.ɹ(ə)l/, scorpion /ˈskɔɹ.pi.ən/, skull /ˈskʌl/, spiracle /ˈspirək(ə)l/, slice /slaɪs/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: wavelength /ˈweɪvˌlɛŋ(k)θ/, vein /veɪn/, ultraviolet /ˌʌltɹəˈvaɪələt/, vine /ˈvaɪ̯n/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: zebrafish /ˈziːbɹəˌfɪʃ/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, browse /bɹaʊz/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como fluorescent, squirrel, scorpion.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.