Shadowing Practice: Lab-grown meat is on the rise — here's how it is made - Learn English Speaking with Video
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From the poor treatment of animals to uneven food distribution and even climate change,
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lab-grown food is being hailed by some as a solution for many of today's biggest issues.
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Our global agricultural system is responsible for over a quarter of all greenhouse gas emissions.
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Among the worst offenders are beef, dark chocolate, coffee and fish based on emissions per kilogram.
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There has been a lot of hype around cell-cultivated food, but how viable is the industry?
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What does it entail and more importantly, will consumers bite?
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Can you do the honours and lift the lid on your creation?
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Over a decade ago on the Edge, we reported on the world's first ever cultured beef burger.
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Unveiled by Professor Mark Post from Maastricht University, it cost around €250,000 to produce.
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He went on to set up MoSoMeat, a company which aims to bring the burger to the masses, and he's not alone.
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There are now hundreds of startups developing their own lab-grown products, but just how do they do it?
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It's a relatively simple procedure and similar for both meat and plant-based production.
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For meat, simply take stem cells from animal's tissue, add a nutrient-rich solution and watch the cells multiply into the three main components of meat,
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muscle, fat and connective tissue.
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Then put the cells into bioreactors or as they're more commonly known, cultivators.
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The cells are then separated and rearranged to build a final edible product.
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This part of the process is called scaffolding and can be very complicated.
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A steak for instance needs a lot more scaffolding than ground meat in a burger.
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The entire process takes between two and eight weeks but the payoff can be huge.
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It's estimated that just one thousandth of a pound of cow cells can create up to 4.4 billion pounds of beef.
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That sounds like an impressive return.
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So what's the hold up?
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Well, cost is a big issue.
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Currently, lab-grown meat is around 40% more expensive than animal meat.
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And then there's health and safety concerns.
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All production must happen in a completely sterile environment because the cells have no natural immunity from diseases.
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And while traditional meat is nutritionally dense, most of its proteins, vitamins and minerals are introduced via animal feed.
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You have to add these nutrients into cultured meat
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and it's still unclear whether today's additives provide equal nutritional value in the long term.
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As a result, regulators can't seem to align on the technology.
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Singapore became the first country in the world to approve cultured meat for human consumption in 2020.
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The US followed suit three years later, and the UK's Food Standards Agency approved use for pet food in early 2024.
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Italy, meanwhile, has banned the production, sale and import of lab-grown meat entirely,
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with the government citing its potential negative impact on the country's farming industry.
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France and Romania might do the same.
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The EU so far has not offered any guidance, but if it does green light use, it could put Brussels on a collision course with angry farmers.
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Some critics are calling for more research into the environmental impacts of cultured food, especially if production is ramped up significantly.
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After all, the manufacturing process still requires an energy source, but those championing the industry believe the benefits outweigh the negatives.
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They say cultured food has the potential to dramatically reduce food waste, tantalise our taste buds with things we've never traditionally eaten,
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and could provide health benefits by tailoring food to nutritional needs such as removing gluten
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or saturated fats without compromising on the taste.
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According to consulting firm McKinsey, cultivated meat could make up as much as half a percent of the world's meat supply by 2030,
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making it a $25 billion global industry.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “Lab-grown meat is on the rise — here's how it is made”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: meat, cell, cultured, lab, grown. Deze video bevat 43 zinnen en 625 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 3:53. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 161 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. Slechts 79% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| cultivate werkwoord | /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ | telen, verbouwen |
| scaffold zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈskæf.əld/ | stelling |
| nutrient zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈnuː.tɹi.ənt/ | voedingsstof, nutriënt |
| nutritional bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ə.nəl/ | voedings- |
| emission zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ | uitstoot, emissie |
| approve werkwoord | /əˈpɹuːv/ | goedkeuren |
| entail werkwoord | /ɛnˈteɪl/ | verlangen, impliceren |
| kilogram zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkɪləɡɹæm/ | kilogram |
| multiply werkwoord | /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/ | vermenigvuldigen |
| rearrange werkwoord | /ˌɹiːəˈɹeɪndʒ/ | herschikken |
| sterile bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈstɛɹəl/ | onvruchtbaar, steriel |
| thousandth bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈθaʊzən(d)θ/ | duizendste |
| unveil werkwoord | /ʌnˈveɪl/ | onthullen |
| uneven bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ʌnˈivən/ | oneven |
| tailor zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈteɪlɚ/ | kleermaker, kleermaakster |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| set up werkwoord | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | bereiden, voorbereiden |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | being hailed · are then separated · is called |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has been · has banned · has not offered |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 3 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals can't, they're, we've. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: nutritional /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ə.nəl/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, collision /kəˈlɪʒn̩/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: nutritional /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ə.nəl/, regulator /ˈɹɛɡ.ju.leɪ.tɚ/, immunity /ɪˈmjuːnəti/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: scaffold /ˈskæf.əld/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/, additive /ˈæd.ɪ.tɪv/, connective /kəˈnɛktɪv/, rearrange /ˌɹiːəˈɹeɪndʒ/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: scaffold /ˈskæf.əld/, additive /ˈæd.ɪ.tɪv/, kilogram /ˈkɪləɡɹæm/, tantalize /ˈtæntəlaɪz/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: burger /ˈbɝ.ɡɚ/, kilogram /ˈkɪləɡɹæm/, regulator /ˈɹɛɡ.ju.leɪ.tɚ/, gluten /ˈɡluːtən/, greenhouse /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als cultivate, scaffold, nutrient.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.