Shadowing Practice: Start With Dostoevsky - Learn English Speaking with Video
Kies een oefenmodus
Elke modus opent een volledig scherm oefenruimte.
143 zinnen
Als zinnen te kort of te lang zijn, klik op Bewerken om ze aan te passen.
1
It's funny that philosopher Kierkegaard, you don't usually hear a joke that starts like that,
2
by the way, he wrote 150 years ago, and he was one of the first people who really wrote about anxiety.
3
He was one of the first psychological philosophers.
4
And he regarded himself as rather useless, all things considered.
5
And he wrote a section in one of his books about all the industrialists that were operating in Europe at that time,
6
and trying in every possible way to make life easier and easier and more efficient and productive for everyone,
7
which was definitely happening during the Victorian period, and Europe was rapidly transforming into an industrial powerhouse.
8
And he said, someone as useless as him, with an orientation towards being a student who liked to sit
9
and contemplate ideas and talk in cafes and smoke cigars and drink,
10
could never do anything to make anything easier for anyone than everyone was already trying to make it.
11
And so he thought that his task would be to make things more difficult for people
12
because there would come a time when what people wanted wasn't more ease but more challenge and more difficulty.
13
And that's really smart, you know, and it's witty and it's true.
14
And one of the things that I've come to understand, I believe, is that, and Dostoevsky knew this too,
15
he wrote about this in Notes from Underground.
16
It's a great book, very short book, brilliant, absolutely brilliant, compelling, dark read.
17
It's the confession of a miserable,
18
resentful, murderously genocidal bureaucrat who evaluates his own soul,
19
I suppose, and confesses his sins.
20
It's also a critique of the idea of utopia oriented towards security.
21
And Dostoevsky, who was dealing with the set of ideas that are really tearing us apart culturally right now,
22
this idea of a eventual utopia based on something like security and safety.
23
Dostoevsky really objected to that back in this, like 1860, a long time ago.
24
He said, you know, the thing about people that you don't really understand is that, he said, fundamentally we're ungrateful and we can curse.
25
That's what distinguished us from the animals, which I thought was pretty damn comical.
26
But he said something very interesting, you know, he said, that if you set up a utopia
27
so that all people had to do was eat cakes and busy themselves with the continuation of the species,
28
that, yeah, right, Russian humor,
29
you know, that after a surfeit of that, after enough of that, which would happen quite quickly,
30
people would just go mad just to break things, just so something unexpected and remarkable could happen, and that we're not built for security and safety,
31
but for something, well, let's call it adventure, something like adventure.
32
That's a good thing to know, you know, because you don't want to suffer unduly.
33
That seems reasonable.
34
And you might think because of that, that really what you want is happiness.
35
But then Solzhenitsyn, for example, he wrote about what happened in the Gulag Archipelago under Stalin and said, you know, if your goal is happiness,
36
what are you going to do
37
when the jackboots hammer down your door at two in the morning and haul you off to the prison camp?
38
Because you're not going to be happy there.
39
And so, you know, happiness is a boat that's easily capsized and the waves are always there.
40
And so if your philosophy is one of, say, impulsive happiness, same sort of thing Dostoevsky was pointing at, and Kierkegaard,
41
then you're not prepared when all hell breaks loose and all hell it will absolutely 100 % break
42
through at some point in your life and you're lucky
43
if it won't be decades you know it'll certainly be some of it
44
and it might be a lot of it
45
and for some of you it's gonna be damn near the whole thing
46
and so if what floats your boat is happiness you're you're gonna be capsized by the first decent wave
47
and so then you might ask yourself you know what do you have instead of happiness that might be even more reliable,
48
and I do think that adventure is more reliable than happiness.
49
In the Old Testament story of Abraham, founder of the Abrahamic faiths, and obviously, what would you call it,
50
a crucial figure in the development of world culture, Abraham is presented as a late bloomer, to say the least.
51
He's like 83.
52
People lived longer back then, at least so the story goes and he had a very rich father by nomadic standards.
53
He could just sit around in the tent all day and, you know, a doting mother and a rich father,
54
he could just sit around in the tent all day
55
and eat peeled grapes and busy himself with the continuation of the species.
56
But, you know, God appears to him and says, get away, get out of your security, get out of your comfort.
57
Leave your family, leave your community, leave your nation, go out into the world.
58
And it's a very interesting story.
59
It's very interesting to contemplate it from both a psychological and a religious perspective.
60
Because what God is presented as in that book, which is a crucial book,
61
as I said, for world culture,
62
is God is presented as the manifestation of the spirit that calls even the too secure and pampered to adventure.
63
And then Abraham has a pretty rough time when he goes out and has his adventure.
64
It's not all, you know, skittles and roses from then on in.
65
Quite the contrary.
66
And he runs right away into like a conspiracy of elites to steal his wife.
67
He runs into tyranny.
68
He runs into starvation.
69
He encounters war.
70
It's like he goes out in the world and he has the whole tragedy of his life,
71
both on the social and political front and individually, you know.
72
But the promise of adventure and the implication is that if you have a sufficient adventure,
73
then that cannot so much protect you from suffering because perhaps that is impossible, but to justify it.
74
And because you kind of know this in your own life.
75
When you look at your life, you might look back on travails that you've undertaken
76
and they've done end -of -life surveys with people and asked them what they regret.
77
And, you know, people don't regret what they did that didn't work.
78
They regret what they didn't do that could have worked, you know.
79
They regret the chances they didn't take.
80
And, you know, even if you do an evaluation of your biography,
81
one of the things that you want to be able to say to yourself is something like,
82
maybe there's nothing better you can say to yourself than this.
83
You can think about this for yourself and see if it's true.
84
That was extraordinarily difficult, but it was worth it.
85
And you know, it's not like you can have one of those without the other.
86
Because you can't imagine that you could have some confidence in what you've managed to accomplish, right?
87
The kind of confidence that would instill you with a genuine, a certain genuine sense of self -regard, despite your fundamental inadequacy.
88
To have that fundamental sense of self -regard that's grounded in something real,
89
it has to be based in a narrative that approximates that was extremely difficult, but it was worth it.
90
You have to have both of those.
91
And so that's interesting because one of the questions we always ask ourselves, this is the theodicy question, technically, you see the suffering in the world,
92
you see the suffering of children, you see maybe your own children or your suffering, and you wonder, well, how can reality be constituted so
93
that I can have faith in its essence when there is so much suffering?
94
And one answer to that is something like, well, how much suffering do you want?
95
And you might think, none.
96
It's like, yeah, I don't think so.
97
I don't think that's right.
98
You want, at least you want something approximating optimized challenge.
99
So you could say, at least you want to be pushed to your limit, And maybe you find the most exciting times in your life.
100
In fact, you'll pay for this.
101
You'll pay to have this experience.
102
To be pushed to your limit.
103
Not beyond it, or maybe even a bit beyond it, you know?
104
And maybe not so far beyond it that you crumble and break and things fall apart.
105
But, you know, could you be pushed to your limit optimally if there wasn't the possibility of falling apart and breaking?
106
Like, that's an open question.
107
How are you ever going to take something seriously if the consequences aren't actually serious?
108
You know, and there's something delightful about dancing on the edge.
109
That's why Hawaiians believed that surfing was sacred, you know.
110
And it's because to surf you have to be on the edge, right?
111
And the waves can come and take you out at any moment.
112
But without the possibility of the waves rising to take you out, then you can't dance on the edge.
113
And maybe that's exactly what you do, want to do, you know.
114
And there's good evidence from the neuroscience literature that consciousness itself is something akin to dancing on the edge.
115
So technically, when you're conscious, when you're awake, your brain is occupying a position between something.
116
It's a position that's something like between chaos and order.
117
And if your brain is maximally ordered, well, you're just bored, nothing is changing.
118
And if you're chaotic, then it's anxiety and catastrophe.
119
But you want to be positioned right between those two, and that's when your consciousness is optimized, you know on.
120
When your consciousness is optimized, then you're deeply engaged in life and everything seems alive and meaningful,
121
and maybe that's the solution, in some profound sense, to the problem of suffering.
122
It's that you optimize your interaction with chaos, rather than being protected all the time from everything that could hurt you.
123
You kind of know this too if you have kids, because you don't want to keep your kids in an infantile state,
124
because when they're infants, pretty much what you do with them, say they're six months and younger is you just keep them secure
125
and safe right you just provide everything
126
that you can for them you have to do that
127
because well what are they going to do they just lay there fundamentally
128
and squawk now and then i mean they're it's not like they're
129
ambulatory they can't go out and do things for themselves and
130
so it's up to you and your goal is to keep them secure
131
and safe but once they start being able to move around then increasingly it's sort of up to them.
132
And if you have any sense, as a parent, the psychoanalysts used to say, the good mother necessarily fails.
133
And what did they mean by that?
134
They meant, well, if you're committed to your infant when you're a mother, for the first six months, it's like, it's all the kid,
135
100%, full self -sacrifice devoted towards the infant.
136
That's the right attitude.
137
But even by nine months, child can crawl around quite a lot.
138
They're developing something of an independent will, you start handing them challenges.
139
You start handing them responsibility and you keep them on the edge.
140
And some of your kids are going to be able to be pushed harder than others.
141
And part of the reason you have to develop a relationship with your kids
142
and your husband for that matter is so that, you know, you can keep them dancing on the edge, on the proper edge.
143
And that's even better than the mere provision of security.
App downloaden
Alles wat je nodig hebt om vloeiend te spreken
AI UitspraakScoor elke zin
IPA OefeningBeheers elk geluid
WoordenschatBouw je woordenschat op
WoordenspelLeren terwijl je speelt
Zelfde Kanaal
C14
The Worst Form of Immaturity
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Learn How To Write and It Will Change Your Life
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
How Personality Predicts Success in Different Fields
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2Why You Can't Force Yourself to Do Anything
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1This One Skill Will Change Your Life
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1This Is How You Become More Articulate
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Aanbevolen Video
C12
74 zinnen
Why You Need to Read Dostoyevsky - Prof. Jordan Peterson
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
52 zinnen
Supernatural thinking: Your brain’s anti-anxiety mode | Clay Routledge
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
25 zinnen
Mark Lilla – Teoria política para iniciantes
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
179 zinnen
Heidegger’s Forgotten Lectures to Psychiatrists
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
128 zinnen
The Terrible Paradox of Self-Awareness | Fernando Pessoa
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
160 zinnen
UNCENSORED: should the West be suspicious of Islam? Jonathan Sacerdoti, at the Oxford Union
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
67 zinnen
Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
154 zinnen
Jordan Peterson On Importance Of Reading
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
308 zinnen
The Most Eye Opening 20 Minutes Of Your Life | Jordan Peterson Motivation
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
273 zinnen
PNTV: Get Out of Your Mind & Into Your Life by Steven C. Hayes
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
98 zinnen
Self Educated Polymaths Will Win In The Digital Age
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
187 zinnen
Hellraiser, Bataille and Limit Experiences
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “Start With Dostoevsky”. Deze video bevat 143 zinnen en 1970 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 11:55. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 165 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. 87% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is goed te volgen.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| suffer werkwoord | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | lijden |
| adventure zelfstandig naamwoord | /ədˈvɛn.t͡ʃə/ | avontuur |
| happiness zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | blijheid, blijdschap |
| regret werkwoord | /ɹɪˈɡɹɛt/ | betreuren, spijten |
| regard zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/ | respect, achting |
| consciousness zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | bewustzijn |
| anxiety zelfstandig naamwoord | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | bezorgdheid, ongerustheid |
| genuine bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.juˌɪn/ | echt, authentiek |
| fundamental bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/ | fundamenteel |
| reliable bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɹɪˈlaɪəbl̩/ | betrouwbaar, zeker |
| chaos zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkeɪˌɑs/ | chaos, baaierd |
| psychological bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/ | psychologisch |
| technically bijwoord | /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/ | technisch gesproken, strikt genomen |
| tent zelfstandig naamwoord | /tɛnt/ | tent |
| infant zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɪn.fənt/ | zuigeling |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| fall apart werkwoord | uiteenvallen, uit elkaar vallen | |
| go out werkwoord | naar buiten gaan | |
| set up werkwoord | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | bereiden, voorbereiden |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- Because you're not going to be happy there.
- It's like, yeah, I don't think so.
- I don't think that's right.
- In fact, you'll pay for this.
- You'll pay to have this experience.
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | be capsized · is presented · be based |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | I've come · you've undertaken · they've done |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | people who really · student who liked · book, which is |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 45 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals you're, don't, they're. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, continuation /kənˌtɪnjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: regard /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/, narrative /ˈnæɹ.ə.tɪv/, engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/, ease /iz/, sacred /ˈseɪkɹɪd/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, narrative /ˈnæɹ.ə.tɪv/, rapidly /ˈɹæpɪdli/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: regret /ɹɪˈɡɹɛt/, regard /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/, engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/, biography /baɪˈɑɡɹəfi/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als suffer, adventure, happiness.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.