Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Start With Dostoevsky
Chọn chế độ luyện tập
Mỗi chế độ mở một phòng luyện tập toàn màn hình.
143 câu
Nếu các câu quá ngắn hoặc quá dài, hãy bấm Edit để chỉnh sửa.
1
It's funny that philosopher Kierkegaard, you don't usually hear a joke that starts like that,
2
by the way, he wrote 150 years ago, and he was one of the first people who really wrote about anxiety.
3
He was one of the first psychological philosophers.
4
And he regarded himself as rather useless, all things considered.
5
And he wrote a section in one of his books about all the industrialists that were operating in Europe at that time,
6
and trying in every possible way to make life easier and easier and more efficient and productive for everyone,
7
which was definitely happening during the Victorian period, and Europe was rapidly transforming into an industrial powerhouse.
8
And he said, someone as useless as him, with an orientation towards being a student who liked to sit
9
and contemplate ideas and talk in cafes and smoke cigars and drink,
10
could never do anything to make anything easier for anyone than everyone was already trying to make it.
11
And so he thought that his task would be to make things more difficult for people
12
because there would come a time when what people wanted wasn't more ease but more challenge and more difficulty.
13
And that's really smart, you know, and it's witty and it's true.
14
And one of the things that I've come to understand, I believe, is that, and Dostoevsky knew this too,
15
he wrote about this in Notes from Underground.
16
It's a great book, very short book, brilliant, absolutely brilliant, compelling, dark read.
17
It's the confession of a miserable,
18
resentful, murderously genocidal bureaucrat who evaluates his own soul,
19
I suppose, and confesses his sins.
20
It's also a critique of the idea of utopia oriented towards security.
21
And Dostoevsky, who was dealing with the set of ideas that are really tearing us apart culturally right now,
22
this idea of a eventual utopia based on something like security and safety.
23
Dostoevsky really objected to that back in this, like 1860, a long time ago.
24
He said, you know, the thing about people that you don't really understand is that, he said, fundamentally we're ungrateful and we can curse.
25
That's what distinguished us from the animals, which I thought was pretty damn comical.
26
But he said something very interesting, you know, he said, that if you set up a utopia
27
so that all people had to do was eat cakes and busy themselves with the continuation of the species,
28
that, yeah, right, Russian humor,
29
you know, that after a surfeit of that, after enough of that, which would happen quite quickly,
30
people would just go mad just to break things, just so something unexpected and remarkable could happen, and that we're not built for security and safety,
31
but for something, well, let's call it adventure, something like adventure.
32
That's a good thing to know, you know, because you don't want to suffer unduly.
33
That seems reasonable.
34
And you might think because of that, that really what you want is happiness.
35
But then Solzhenitsyn, for example, he wrote about what happened in the Gulag Archipelago under Stalin and said, you know, if your goal is happiness,
36
what are you going to do
37
when the jackboots hammer down your door at two in the morning and haul you off to the prison camp?
38
Because you're not going to be happy there.
39
And so, you know, happiness is a boat that's easily capsized and the waves are always there.
40
And so if your philosophy is one of, say, impulsive happiness, same sort of thing Dostoevsky was pointing at, and Kierkegaard,
41
then you're not prepared when all hell breaks loose and all hell it will absolutely 100 % break
42
through at some point in your life and you're lucky
43
if it won't be decades you know it'll certainly be some of it
44
and it might be a lot of it
45
and for some of you it's gonna be damn near the whole thing
46
and so if what floats your boat is happiness you're you're gonna be capsized by the first decent wave
47
and so then you might ask yourself you know what do you have instead of happiness that might be even more reliable,
48
and I do think that adventure is more reliable than happiness.
49
In the Old Testament story of Abraham, founder of the Abrahamic faiths, and obviously, what would you call it,
50
a crucial figure in the development of world culture, Abraham is presented as a late bloomer, to say the least.
51
He's like 83.
52
People lived longer back then, at least so the story goes and he had a very rich father by nomadic standards.
53
He could just sit around in the tent all day and, you know, a doting mother and a rich father,
54
he could just sit around in the tent all day
55
and eat peeled grapes and busy himself with the continuation of the species.
56
But, you know, God appears to him and says, get away, get out of your security, get out of your comfort.
57
Leave your family, leave your community, leave your nation, go out into the world.
58
And it's a very interesting story.
59
It's very interesting to contemplate it from both a psychological and a religious perspective.
60
Because what God is presented as in that book, which is a crucial book,
61
as I said, for world culture,
62
is God is presented as the manifestation of the spirit that calls even the too secure and pampered to adventure.
63
And then Abraham has a pretty rough time when he goes out and has his adventure.
64
It's not all, you know, skittles and roses from then on in.
65
Quite the contrary.
66
And he runs right away into like a conspiracy of elites to steal his wife.
67
He runs into tyranny.
68
He runs into starvation.
69
He encounters war.
70
It's like he goes out in the world and he has the whole tragedy of his life,
71
both on the social and political front and individually, you know.
72
But the promise of adventure and the implication is that if you have a sufficient adventure,
73
then that cannot so much protect you from suffering because perhaps that is impossible, but to justify it.
74
And because you kind of know this in your own life.
75
When you look at your life, you might look back on travails that you've undertaken
76
and they've done end -of -life surveys with people and asked them what they regret.
77
And, you know, people don't regret what they did that didn't work.
78
They regret what they didn't do that could have worked, you know.
79
They regret the chances they didn't take.
80
And, you know, even if you do an evaluation of your biography,
81
one of the things that you want to be able to say to yourself is something like,
82
maybe there's nothing better you can say to yourself than this.
83
You can think about this for yourself and see if it's true.
84
That was extraordinarily difficult, but it was worth it.
85
And you know, it's not like you can have one of those without the other.
86
Because you can't imagine that you could have some confidence in what you've managed to accomplish, right?
87
The kind of confidence that would instill you with a genuine, a certain genuine sense of self -regard, despite your fundamental inadequacy.
88
To have that fundamental sense of self -regard that's grounded in something real,
89
it has to be based in a narrative that approximates that was extremely difficult, but it was worth it.
90
You have to have both of those.
91
And so that's interesting because one of the questions we always ask ourselves, this is the theodicy question, technically, you see the suffering in the world,
92
you see the suffering of children, you see maybe your own children or your suffering, and you wonder, well, how can reality be constituted so
93
that I can have faith in its essence when there is so much suffering?
94
And one answer to that is something like, well, how much suffering do you want?
95
And you might think, none.
96
It's like, yeah, I don't think so.
97
I don't think that's right.
98
You want, at least you want something approximating optimized challenge.
99
So you could say, at least you want to be pushed to your limit, And maybe you find the most exciting times in your life.
100
In fact, you'll pay for this.
101
You'll pay to have this experience.
102
To be pushed to your limit.
103
Not beyond it, or maybe even a bit beyond it, you know?
104
And maybe not so far beyond it that you crumble and break and things fall apart.
105
But, you know, could you be pushed to your limit optimally if there wasn't the possibility of falling apart and breaking?
106
Like, that's an open question.
107
How are you ever going to take something seriously if the consequences aren't actually serious?
108
You know, and there's something delightful about dancing on the edge.
109
That's why Hawaiians believed that surfing was sacred, you know.
110
And it's because to surf you have to be on the edge, right?
111
And the waves can come and take you out at any moment.
112
But without the possibility of the waves rising to take you out, then you can't dance on the edge.
113
And maybe that's exactly what you do, want to do, you know.
114
And there's good evidence from the neuroscience literature that consciousness itself is something akin to dancing on the edge.
115
So technically, when you're conscious, when you're awake, your brain is occupying a position between something.
116
It's a position that's something like between chaos and order.
117
And if your brain is maximally ordered, well, you're just bored, nothing is changing.
118
And if you're chaotic, then it's anxiety and catastrophe.
119
But you want to be positioned right between those two, and that's when your consciousness is optimized, you know on.
120
When your consciousness is optimized, then you're deeply engaged in life and everything seems alive and meaningful,
121
and maybe that's the solution, in some profound sense, to the problem of suffering.
122
It's that you optimize your interaction with chaos, rather than being protected all the time from everything that could hurt you.
123
You kind of know this too if you have kids, because you don't want to keep your kids in an infantile state,
124
because when they're infants, pretty much what you do with them, say they're six months and younger is you just keep them secure
125
and safe right you just provide everything
126
that you can for them you have to do that
127
because well what are they going to do they just lay there fundamentally
128
and squawk now and then i mean they're it's not like they're
129
ambulatory they can't go out and do things for themselves and
130
so it's up to you and your goal is to keep them secure
131
and safe but once they start being able to move around then increasingly it's sort of up to them.
132
And if you have any sense, as a parent, the psychoanalysts used to say, the good mother necessarily fails.
133
And what did they mean by that?
134
They meant, well, if you're committed to your infant when you're a mother, for the first six months, it's like, it's all the kid,
135
100%, full self -sacrifice devoted towards the infant.
136
That's the right attitude.
137
But even by nine months, child can crawl around quite a lot.
138
They're developing something of an independent will, you start handing them challenges.
139
You start handing them responsibility and you keep them on the edge.
140
And some of your kids are going to be able to be pushed harder than others.
141
And part of the reason you have to develop a relationship with your kids
142
and your husband for that matter is so that, you know, you can keep them dancing on the edge, on the proper edge.
143
And that's even better than the mere provision of security.
Tải Ứng Dụng
Mọi thứ bạn cần để nói trôi chảy
Chấm điểm AIChấm từng câu nói
Luyện IPAThành thạo mọi âm
Từ vựngMở rộng vốn từ
Game Từ vựngHọc qua chơi
Cùng kênh
C14
The Worst Form of Immaturity
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Learn How To Write and It Will Change Your Life
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
How Personality Predicts Success in Different Fields
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2Why You Can't Force Yourself to Do Anything
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1This One Skill Will Change Your Life
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1This Is How You Become More Articulate
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Video gợi ý
C12
74 câu
Why You Need to Read Dostoyevsky - Prof. Jordan Peterson
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
52 câu
Supernatural thinking: Your brain’s anti-anxiety mode | Clay Routledge
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
25 câu
Mark Lilla – Teoria política para iniciantes
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
179 câu
Heidegger’s Forgotten Lectures to Psychiatrists
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
128 câu
The Terrible Paradox of Self-Awareness | Fernando Pessoa
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
160 câu
UNCENSORED: should the West be suspicious of Islam? Jonathan Sacerdoti, at the Oxford Union
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
67 câu
Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
154 câu
Jordan Peterson On Importance Of Reading
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
308 câu
The Most Eye Opening 20 Minutes Of Your Life | Jordan Peterson Motivation
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
273 câu
PNTV: Get Out of Your Mind & Into Your Life by Steven C. Hayes
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
98 câu
Self Educated Polymaths Will Win In The Digital Age
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
187 câu
Hellraiser, Bataille and Limit Experiences
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “Start With Dostoevsky”. Video này có 143 câu và 1970 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 11:55. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 165 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. 87% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng dễ theo.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| suffer động từ | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | chịu đựng |
| adventure danh từ | /ədˈvɛn.t͡ʃə/ | phiêu lưu |
| happiness danh từ | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | hạnh phúc |
| regret động từ | /ɹɪˈɡɹɛt/ | hối tiếc, hối hận |
| consciousness danh từ | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | ý thức |
| anxiety danh từ | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | sự lo lắng, lo âu |
| reliable tính từ | /ɹɪˈlaɪəbl̩/ | tin cậy, đáng tin cậy |
| chaos danh từ | /ˈkeɪˌɑs/ | hỗn loạn |
| tent danh từ | /tɛnt/ | lều |
| infant danh từ | /ˈɪn.fənt/ | trẻ sơ sinh |
| surf động từ | /sɝf/ | lướt sóng |
| philosopher danh từ | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | nhà triết học, triết gia |
| approximate tính từ | /əˈpɹɑk.sə.mət/ | xấp xỉ, xêm xêm |
| founder danh từ | /ˈfaʊ̯n.dəː/ | người sáng lập |
| steal động từ | /stiːl/ | trộm, chôm |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| go out động từ | ra, chết |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- Because you're not going to be happy there.
- It's like, yeah, I don't think so.
- I don't think that's right.
- In fact, you'll pay for this.
- You'll pay to have this experience.
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | be capsized · is presented · be based |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | I've come · you've undertaken · they've done |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | people who really · student who liked · book, which is |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 45 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ you're, don't, they're. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, continuation /kənˌtɪnjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: tent /tɛnt/, infant /ˈɪn.fənt/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, decent /ˈdiː.sənt/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: adventure /ədˈvɛn.t͡ʃə/, genuine /ˈd͡ʒɛn.juˌɪn/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/, justify /ˈd͡ʒʌstɪfaɪ/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, narrative /ˈnæɹ.ə.tɪv/, rapidly /ˈɹæpɪdli/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như suffer, adventure, happiness.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.