Shadowing Practice: This Nobel Prize Winner Has a Really Strange Theory About the Mind - Learn English Speaking with Video
Kies een oefenmodus
Elke modus opent een volledig scherm oefenruimte.
162 zinnen
Als zinnen te kort of te lang zijn, klik op Bewerken om ze aan te passen.
1
This video is sponsored by Factor.
2
Get chef -crafted, ready -to -eat meals delivered straight to your door.
3
Go to factor75 .com and use code WONDERFB50 to get 50 % off your first
4
Factor box and free breakfast for one year.
5
In 2003, J .M.
6
Coetzee was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
7
When giving his acceptance speech, he didn't discuss his career, he didn't lecture about culture or politics, he didn't thank anyone.
8
He didn't even really discuss literature.
9
Instead, he gave one of if not the most unusual
10
Nobel Prize acceptance speeches in history.
11
Following a brief reference to a childhood memory, he proceeded to recite a strange kind of parable.
12
When introducing it, he said, The piece is called He and His Man, or His Man and He.
13
I cannot remember which comes first, he or his man.
14
This was not a lapse in Coetzee's memory.
15
He knew the name of the story.
16
Fundamentally, we all live two separate lives.
17
One is our direct lived experience.
18
That is, what our bodies and brains encounter, produce, and sense.
19
All that is unconscious or external, but nonetheless real and integral to who we are.
20
The second is our conscious awareness.
21
That is, what our conscious mind observes, comprehends, conceptualizes, and tracks through language, ideas, beliefs, and stories.
22
In Kochi's speech, he refers to two men, he and his man.
23
He is an old retired sailor who has moved on from adventure
24
and sea life and now spends almost all of his time alone in his room.
25
His primary interaction with the world and others is through reports
26
that he regularly receives from the character referred to as his man, an individual who travels around Europe encountering various events and phenomena.
27
It is soon revealed that the retired sailor is Robinson Crusoe, one of the most famous fictional characters in history.
28
This character originated in the 1719 novel titled Robinson Crusoe, written by the author Daniel Defoe,
29
in which he is an English sailor who was shipwrecked on a remote island for 28 years before finally being rescued.
30
What turns Coetzee's speech from interesting to profound, and perhaps a bit unsettling, is that Crusoe's correspondent, his man, is Daniel Defoe.
31
In other words, Defoe is sending messages to the character he created in the story Coetzee created.
32
In Coetzee's story, Crusoe and Defoe have a strange and ambiguous kind of relationship.
33
On one hand, they seem to know and depend on each other intimately.
34
On the other hand, they appear to be quite unknown and distant to each other.
35
Neither really know the life of the other directly.
36
Crusoe knows of Defoe's experiences only through his reports, and Defoe seems to know of Crusoe,
37
if at all, only as a kind of receiving entity of his reports.
38
Coetzee says, How are they to be figured, this man and he?
39
As master and slave?
40
As brothers, twin brothers?
41
As comrades in arms?
42
Or as enemies, foes?
43
What name shall he give this nameless fellow, with whom he shares his evenings and sometimes his nights too,
44
who is absent only in the daytime when he, Robin, walks the keys inspecting the new arrivals and his man gallops about the kingdom,
45
making his inspections.
46
There are many ways one could interpret the premise to such an enigmatic story and character relationship.
47
On a literary level, it seems to possibly be a reflection on the relationship between writer
48
or artist and the characters or things they create.
49
What does a writer or artist do if not report their lived experiences to a kind of entity of reception—their work, their worlds, and their characters.
50
In this, the Creator feels as though they are producing a character, story, or world.
51
But in a way, they are sort of already there.
52
That is, the character, story, or world already exist as a kind of nebulous entity of lived experience.
53
They merely increasingly form into semi -tangible structures as they receive
54
more information from the Creator's conscious mind a kind of embodiment of the creator's awareness
55
and experience as they're assembled with words and features.
56
Coatsy writes, How then has it come about that this man of his, who is a kind of parrot and not much loved,
57
writes as well as or better than his master?
58
For he wields an able pen, this man of his, no doubt of that.
59
Only when he yields himself up to this man of his do such words come.
60
There's also a deeper interpretation here.
61
The very nature of the mind and consciousness, how we form knowledge and understanding and how we don't.
62
Whether we write or not, whether we publish or not, each of us are authors.
63
Our self, the conscious observer and narrator of our lives, is the product of our mind's creative work,
64
the stories we tell ourselves about ourselves and the world, the concepts we form and the beliefs we hold.
65
Our source material
66
Our inspiration is all of the sensations of the body and brain and their interactions with the external world.
67
Naturally, these two channels, experiencer and observer, are always trying to work together.
68
Both born of and sharing the same fundamental substrate of being, they both operate toward the same shared goals.
69
Survival and continuance.
70
On the unconscious experiential level, this is fairly obvious.
71
We automatically try to catch our balance when we trip, move our hand away from something hot or sharp, we blink and breathe automatically,
72
our heart rate automatically increases, and we become adrenalized when we perceive a threat, and so on.
73
On the conscious observer level, it's slightly less obvious, but still apparent.
74
We attempt to make order, meaning, and rigidity out of our experiences through language, concepts, stories, and beliefs.
75
Our conscious mind attempts to make sense of, tolerate, and rationalize events so that we can best endure and proceed onward.
76
Though the miracle of human consciousness
77
and the degree of our conceptual awareness is perhaps only second to the miracle of existence itself, it is of course deeply limited.
78
We can only comprehend what we can perceive, and we can only perceive what the human brain has evolved to process.
79
Moreover, words and concepts are always merely a proxy, symbols of reality and experience, never the real things.
80
Thus, these two channels of experience don't really understand each other all that well.
81
One is out in the world experiencing a chaos of phenomena, while the other is alone inside its room, trying to parse the chaos into clarity.
82
What is left is a kind of dissonance between reality and consciousness.
83
In Kochi's story, one of the main reports sent back to Crusoe describes what are known as duck decoy systems,
84
Elaborate traps constructed to lure wild ducks to be killed for food.
85
Using ponds, nets, channels, and decoy ducks, the configurations are designed to look natural and safe,
86
deceiving the ducks into moving through them until they become trapped.
87
From the ducks' perspectives, they aren't doing anything odd or unnatural.
88
The traps work because they look completely real and safe to the ducks.
89
They see waterways, food, and other ducks, and they simply follow their instincts of perception.
90
But in the end, the pond is not real, and the ducks become consumed.
91
Coetzee writes,
92
them of, where they shall live safely and securely.
93
Of course, we aren't ducks, but the distance between the abilities of our perception
94
and the true nature of reality is likely inconceivably further than the distance between us and ducks.
95
Like the ducks in the decoy systems, we don't misunderstand reality because we're foolish or irrational or doing anything unnatural.
96
We misunderstand reality because nature deceives us.
97
Reality, to us, is a human decoy system constructed out of human language, and yet its truth is entirely beyond human language.
98
This interpretation maps fairly cleanly onto several philosophical theories and schools of thought.
99
What is known as transcendental idealism, originally founded by 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant, argues that, in simple terms,
100
human knowledge is forever limited to the appearances of things.
101
That is, we can never access the world that exists outside of human perception, the thing in itself, reality.
102
What we perceive is inexorably shaped by the a priori structures of the human mind.
103
Nineteenth -century philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer argued in his masterwork, The World as Will and Representation, the world is fundamentally divided into two components.
104
The will, which is the unified underlying substrate of reality that endlessly strives to sustain and express itself, and representation, which is how the world,
105
or the expressions of the will, appears to consciousness.
106
According to Schopenhauer, we can never directly access the true reality of things, except through bodily sensations.
107
The body gives us a kind of access point to the will, a direct subjective correspondent sending us reports.
108
But when trying to interpret and transcribe these reports into concepts and words, we move away from the will and into representation, a distortion.
109
Schopenhauer writes,
110
namely, that which represents, and this is himself.
111
Everything that exists for knowledge and hence the whole of this world is only object in relation to the subject, perception of the perceiver.
112
In a word, representation.
113
Likewise, the philosophy of Taoism suggests that the observing self, experiencing self, and external world are all inseparable in a state of constant flux,
114
carried out by what is referred to as the Tao, the true underlying unified nature of reality.
115
But as such, the Tao exists solely beyond concepts and language.
116
It cannot be named or understood.
117
Ideas and terms, including the Tao itself, can only gesture in its direction.
118
Reality in this case isn't exactly a trap, but trying to comprehend and categorize it is.
119
We must rather flow with it, letting go of rigidity, explanations, and certainties.
120
The opening verse of the Tao Te Ching reads, The Tao that can be spoken is not the eternal Tao.
121
The name that can be named is not the eternal name.
122
The nameless is the origin of heaven and earth.
123
The named is the mother of myriad things.
124
Thus, constantly without desire, one observes its essence.
125
Constantly with desire, one observes its manifestations.
126
These two emerge together but differ in name.
127
The unity is said to be the mystery, mystery of mysteries, the door to all wonders.
128
In the end, Coetzee seems to possibly be representing a similar kind of inability to comprehend the world
129
and define the self through a sequence of character relationships.
130
Robinson Crusoe's relationship with his creator, Daniel Defoe, and Crusoe and Defoe's relationship with Coetzee, who, in this story, is sort of their creator.
131
In this web of fiction weaved out of experience, it is an obvious what and who is real, if anything.
132
Referring back to Coetzee's introduction to his story, when he says, The piece is called He and His Man, or His Man and He.
133
I cannot remember which comes first, he or his man.
134
There is something subtle yet deeply important in this preface that seems to cleanly summarize the authorship problem of identity and truth.
135
We imagine we are the author of our thoughts and selves,
136
but we are characters being written by the reports of forces we barely understand or have access to.
137
We are both a character being written
138
and the author of the character in the same story
139
we are not solely the observing mind we are not solely the experiencing body
140
and we are not the external world
141
we are the sum total of all of it all in constant motion
142
we are each an expression of the will the Tao a universal awareness
143
or the universe itself whichever word or concept you like because in the end whichever word or concept you like is irrelevant.
144
Of course, what is relevant to continuing on and flowing with reality is eating.
145
Ironically, despite eating being one of the most basic and fundamental aspects of our condition, getting and preparing good quality,
146
good -tasting meals can be extremely time -consuming and inconvenient.
147
This video's sponsor, Factor, helps solve that exact problem.
148
Personally, I'm not big into cooking, and I'm someone who tries to prioritize time and focus as well as I can.
149
Shopping and cooking are just not often at the top of that list, if I can avoid them.
150
The problem is, of course, alternatives can be junk food or expensive meals out,
151
but Factor makes it so I can both reduce time shopping and cooking without compromising on taste or nutrition.
152
Factor's meals are made with real ingredients, have balanced macros, and come with at least two vegetables per meal,
153
which makes the challenge of maintaining a balanced diet much easier to overcome.
154
The meals are ready to eat, so no planning, prep, or cleanup.
155
Just open, heat if needed, and eat.
156
I absolutely love the Monterey spinach chicken I recently had, which was ready in minutes.
157
Particularly this time of year, when I'm trying to maintain work while enjoying the summer, Factor helps me eat well with real food while reducing stress
158
and time in a way that is one of those things you notice actually improves your life.
159
97 % of people say
160
Factor helps them live a healthier life, and 92 % say it makes their life less stressful.
161
I'm certainly one of them.
162
and see you next video.
App downloaden
Alles wat je nodig hebt om vloeiend te spreken
AI UitspraakScoor elke zin
IPA OefeningBeheers elk geluid
WoordenschatBouw je woordenschat op
WoordenspelLeren terwijl je speelt
Zelfde Kanaal
C11
The Terrible Paradox of Self-Awareness | Fernando Pessoa
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
Something Weird Happens When You See How Connected Everything Is
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
The Hedgehog Theory: Why Your Favorite Smart Person Is (Probably) Full of Sh*t
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
Don't Try - The Philosophy of Charles Bukowski
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
How the Way You Respond to Anxiety Changes Your Life - Søren Kierkegaard on Angst
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C112
Cosmic Insignificance Theory: A Simple Idea That Will Change Your Life Forever
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
You're Too Self-Aware to Be Happy | The Psychology of Deep Thinkers
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
The Terrible Price of Not Choosing Yourself - The Philosophy of Osamu Dazai
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
The Nova Effect - The Tragedy of Good Luck
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Becoming Your True Self - The Psychology of Carl Jung
University StudentsWorking Adults
C112
The Paradox of Being a Good Person - George Orwell's Warning to the World
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2This Simple Tool Will Improve Your Critical Thinking
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1The Black Swan Theory - The Random Moments That Change Everything
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Aanbevolen Video
C14
100 zinnen
Why Einstein is a “peerless genius” and Hawking is an “ordinary genius” | Albert-László Barabási
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
654 zinnen
Stuart & Cliffe Knechtle | Do Agnostics Just Want To Have Control? | Give Me an Answer
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
290 zinnen
This 19th Century Cure For Brain Rot Will Make You Unstoppable
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
140 zinnen
Stop Playing Small. Go All In.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
19 zinnen
Literature Might Not Save You — Ocean Vuong
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
24 zinnen
Writer Anne Carson, 2026 Nobel Laureate, on the Art of Paying Attention
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
86 zinnen
First reactions | Francis Halzen, Nobel Prize in Physics 2026 | telephone interview
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
136 zinnen
Kenyon College: John Green Commencement Address
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
191 zinnen
Romanticizing The Classical Life Isn’t Foolish.. It’s Necessary To Survive Today
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
108 zinnen
How Different Are Our Inner Monologues?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
174 zinnen
This 1 Book Has Produced More Geniuses Than Any University in History
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “This Nobel Prize Winner Has a Really Strange Theory About the Mind”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: character, reality, duck, experience. Deze video bevat 162 zinnen en 2224 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 14:28. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 154 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. Slechts 78% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| duck zelfstandig naamwoord | /dʌk/ | eend |
| meal zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈmiːl/ | maaltijd |
| conscious bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/ | bij bewustzijn, alert |
| observe werkwoord | /əbˈzɜːv/ | respecteren, in acht nemen |
| awareness zelfstandig naamwoord | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | besef, bewustzijn |
| representation zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/ | weergave, representatie |
| trap zelfstandig naamwoord | /tɹæp/ | val |
| perception zelfstandig naamwoord | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | perceptie, gewaarwording |
| consciousness zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | bewustzijn |
| perceive werkwoord | /pɚˈsiv/ | waarnemen |
| belief zelfstandig naamwoord | /bɪˈliːf/ | geloof |
| mystery zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈmɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/ | mysterie |
| creator zelfstandig naamwoord | /kɹiːˈeɪ̯təː/ | creator |
| entity zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɛn.tə.ti/ [-tʰi] | entiteit, wezen |
| observer zelfstandig naamwoord | /əbˈzɝvɚ/ | observator, waarnemer |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| carry out werkwoord | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | uitvoeren |
| get off werkwoord | van ... afgaan |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is sponsored · was awarded · is called |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has moved · has it come · has evolved |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | will, which is · someone who tries · had, which was |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 16 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals didn't, I'm, don't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: breathe /bɹiːð/, nonetheless /ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs/, nineteenth /ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, entity /ˈɛn.tə.ti/ [-tʰi], fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, interpretation /ɪnˌtɜːpɹəˈteɪʃən/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: observe /əbˈzɜːv/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, comprehend /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/, proceed /pɹəˈsid/, solve /sɒlv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: trap /tɹæp/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, apparent /əˈpæɹənt/, craft /ˈkɹæft/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/, integral /ˈɪntəɡɹəl/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als duck, meal, conscious.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.