Shadowing Practice: First reactions | Francis Halzen, Nobel Prize in Physics 2026 | telephone interview - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Hello.
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Oh, hello.
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Am I speaking with Francis Halsan?
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Speaking.
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Hello, my name is Adam Smith.
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You are lucky you're talking to me because I only answered because, you know, I thought it was a call from Sweden,
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but I'm glad to talk to you.
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I'm very glad to talk to you.
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Thank you very much indeed.
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And lucky me that you recognize the Swedish prefix.
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Thank you.
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May I just start by asking, how did the news actually reach you?
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How did you learn that you'd been awarded the Nobel Prize?
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You know, I am travelling.
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I travelled between, I was at a science festival in Bergamo over the weekend.
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I was sitting in my hotel room writing a proposal.
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As I joked in one of the meetings, I hope it helps to get it funded.
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Let's hope so, because finding time to finish it is going to be hard, I'm afraid, yes.
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Yes, I'm afraid so too.
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You know, just like Ice Cube, I have talented collaborators, so they always help me survive.
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I'll come through this one as well.
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I mean, if we think of Ice Cube and its extraordinary beauty
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and size there in the translucent ice under the South Pole, you and your collaborators must be very proud
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well yeah and in fact my uh main reaction to this project over time was not proud
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but was surprised you know i gave a talk very early
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on the in the project at a conference in venice where I said, this is a detector, Deo Volante, which means God willing.
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And I listed all the hurdles we had to overcome.
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And among these hurdles, you know, we overcame them all, evidently.
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That's why I'm here.
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But was the fact that we didn't really know what the optics of the ice was, which is crucial because it's a particle detector that detects light.
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And so we made this incredible discovery that blue light that we detect can travel for hundreds of meters through this ice.
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And that was totally unexpected as well.
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So beyond all the other risks of whether hot water drilling would work and whether we could beat the backgrounds,
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this was what really made the project possible and that was pure luck.
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After the fact that it's totally normal,
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this is ancient snow that fell on Antarctica 50 ,000 years ago and it's ultra -pure and that's why it's so transparent.
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But we really didn't have the guarantee of that.
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But I suppose fortune favours the bold and in your case everything fell into place.
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As I said, at every step, my reaction was surprise rather than pride.
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And now this ushers in this dawn of a new era of neutrino astronomy.
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I know that it's early days, but what do these neutrinos allow us to see?
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Well, the first source we really identified by ourselves was an active galaxy
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and the data of that active galaxy tell us
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that the neutrinos are produced very close to the black hole at the center of that galaxy.
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And it's an active galaxy, so it has a supermassive black hole
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and the core of the galaxy is surrounded by plasma which produces the target to produce these neutrinos.
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This is obviously a place from which light doesn't escape.
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It can, with great difficulty, maybe be studied with radio telescopes. But
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so our first detection of a source is already an example
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of looking into the very close regions of the black hole where presumably only neutrinos escape.
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That's extraordinary.
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This is just one example of the concept for which we all thought that the neutrino astronomy was promising.
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As someone mentioned in the press conference,
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it's actually, in retrospect, the most amazing thing is that we got funded for this project.
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The National Science Foundation should take great credit for this.
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And also the environment that you were able to work in, Wisconsin, which has obviously been very supportive for you.
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Yes, incredibly.
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In two ways.
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Wisconsin has always been a place that has tolerated unconventional physics and unconventional ideas.
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We got instant support at the very early stages of the project.
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Where, as I said, this project, everybody thought, is a cute idea that won't work.
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We got the support from the chancellor of the administration, and we were not just lucky.
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In a sense that the University of Wisconsin had a decision to create a laboratory
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that could actually build equipment of the type required and the size and the sophistication required for this project.
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It's called the Physical Sciences Laboratory.
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It's kind of a non -profit, high -tech lab.
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And the very talented technicians, engineers that were available to us there played a major role.
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And that's where, you know,
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for instance, the hot water drilling equipment that was so critical for achieving the deployment of these sensors.
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That's where it was designed and built.
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And so most universities over the years had gotten rid of these labs,
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but Wisconsin was one of the few places which maintained this capability, and that's what made IceCube possible there.
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I just wanted to finish by just reflecting on this extraordinary thing
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that this new era will allow you to use neutrinos to look to the very edges of the universe
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and to the very beginnings of time.
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I mean, there is so much to be discovered, isn't there?
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That's right.
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And so someone asked me what will be this, what will the neutrino astronomer be like 50 years from now?
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There's no way to answer that question.
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I wouldn't like to answer that question for, if you ask me, one year from now.
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you know we have been consistently making new discoveries over the 15 years
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that we have been taking data that's my my real wish
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that this may continue
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and it will young people around the world will be saying this is the field for me then i hope
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so it's been a joy speaking to you thank you very
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much indeed thank you very much thank you bye bye now
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze video bevat 86 zinnen en 1014 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 7:43. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 131 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 83% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| galaxy zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɡæl.ək.si/ | sterrenstelsel |
| extraordinary bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/ | buitengewoon |
| discovery zelfstandig naamwoord | /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ | ontdekking, vinding |
| laboratory zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/ | laboratorium, lab |
| talented bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈtæləntɪd/ | getalenteerd |
| overcome werkwoord | /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/ | overwinnen |
| drill zelfstandig naamwoord | /dɹɪl/ | boor, boormachine |
| detect werkwoord | /dɪˈtɛkt/ | detecteren |
| astronomy zelfstandig naamwoord | /əˈstɹɑ.nə.mi/ | astronomie, sterrenkunde |
| proposal zelfstandig naamwoord | /pɹəˈpoʊzəl/ | voorstel |
| guarantee zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | garantie |
| discover werkwoord | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | ontdekken |
| physics zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ | natuurkunde, fysica |
| reflect werkwoord | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | weerkaatsen |
| instant zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɪnstənt/ | moment, ogenblik |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | been awarded · are produced · is surrounded |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has always been · have been · it's been |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | Volante, which means · was, which is · Wisconsin, which has |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 14 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals I'm, didn't, doesn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/, technician /tɛkˈnɪʃən/, usher /ˈʌʃəɹ/, sophistication /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: extraordinary /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/, laboratory /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/, astronomy /əˈstɹɑ.nə.mi/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als galaxy, extraordinary, discovery.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.