शैडोइंग अभ्यास: First reactions | Francis Halzen, Nobel Prize in Physics 2026 | telephone interview - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
अभ्यास मोड चुनें
हर मोड पूरी स्क्रीन का अभ्यास कक्ष खोलता है।
86 वाक्य
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Hello.
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Oh, hello.
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Am I speaking with Francis Halsan?
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Speaking.
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Hello, my name is Adam Smith.
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You are lucky you're talking to me because I only answered because, you know, I thought it was a call from Sweden,
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but I'm glad to talk to you.
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I'm very glad to talk to you.
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Thank you very much indeed.
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And lucky me that you recognize the Swedish prefix.
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Thank you.
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May I just start by asking, how did the news actually reach you?
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How did you learn that you'd been awarded the Nobel Prize?
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You know, I am travelling.
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I travelled between, I was at a science festival in Bergamo over the weekend.
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I was sitting in my hotel room writing a proposal.
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As I joked in one of the meetings, I hope it helps to get it funded.
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Let's hope so, because finding time to finish it is going to be hard, I'm afraid, yes.
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Yes, I'm afraid so too.
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You know, just like Ice Cube, I have talented collaborators, so they always help me survive.
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I'll come through this one as well.
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I mean, if we think of Ice Cube and its extraordinary beauty
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and size there in the translucent ice under the South Pole, you and your collaborators must be very proud
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well yeah and in fact my uh main reaction to this project over time was not proud
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but was surprised you know i gave a talk very early
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on the in the project at a conference in venice where I said, this is a detector, Deo Volante, which means God willing.
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And I listed all the hurdles we had to overcome.
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And among these hurdles, you know, we overcame them all, evidently.
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That's why I'm here.
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But was the fact that we didn't really know what the optics of the ice was, which is crucial because it's a particle detector that detects light.
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And so we made this incredible discovery that blue light that we detect can travel for hundreds of meters through this ice.
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And that was totally unexpected as well.
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So beyond all the other risks of whether hot water drilling would work and whether we could beat the backgrounds,
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this was what really made the project possible and that was pure luck.
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After the fact that it's totally normal,
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this is ancient snow that fell on Antarctica 50 ,000 years ago and it's ultra -pure and that's why it's so transparent.
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But we really didn't have the guarantee of that.
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But I suppose fortune favours the bold and in your case everything fell into place.
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As I said, at every step, my reaction was surprise rather than pride.
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And now this ushers in this dawn of a new era of neutrino astronomy.
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I know that it's early days, but what do these neutrinos allow us to see?
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Well, the first source we really identified by ourselves was an active galaxy
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and the data of that active galaxy tell us
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that the neutrinos are produced very close to the black hole at the center of that galaxy.
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And it's an active galaxy, so it has a supermassive black hole
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and the core of the galaxy is surrounded by plasma which produces the target to produce these neutrinos.
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This is obviously a place from which light doesn't escape.
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It can, with great difficulty, maybe be studied with radio telescopes. But
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so our first detection of a source is already an example
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of looking into the very close regions of the black hole where presumably only neutrinos escape.
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That's extraordinary.
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This is just one example of the concept for which we all thought that the neutrino astronomy was promising.
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As someone mentioned in the press conference,
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it's actually, in retrospect, the most amazing thing is that we got funded for this project.
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The National Science Foundation should take great credit for this.
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And also the environment that you were able to work in, Wisconsin, which has obviously been very supportive for you.
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Yes, incredibly.
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In two ways.
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Wisconsin has always been a place that has tolerated unconventional physics and unconventional ideas.
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We got instant support at the very early stages of the project.
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Where, as I said, this project, everybody thought, is a cute idea that won't work.
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We got the support from the chancellor of the administration, and we were not just lucky.
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In a sense that the University of Wisconsin had a decision to create a laboratory
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that could actually build equipment of the type required and the size and the sophistication required for this project.
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It's called the Physical Sciences Laboratory.
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It's kind of a non -profit, high -tech lab.
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And the very talented technicians, engineers that were available to us there played a major role.
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And that's where, you know,
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for instance, the hot water drilling equipment that was so critical for achieving the deployment of these sensors.
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That's where it was designed and built.
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And so most universities over the years had gotten rid of these labs,
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but Wisconsin was one of the few places which maintained this capability, and that's what made IceCube possible there.
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I just wanted to finish by just reflecting on this extraordinary thing
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that this new era will allow you to use neutrinos to look to the very edges of the universe
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and to the very beginnings of time.
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I mean, there is so much to be discovered, isn't there?
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That's right.
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And so someone asked me what will be this, what will the neutrino astronomer be like 50 years from now?
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There's no way to answer that question.
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I wouldn't like to answer that question for, if you ask me, one year from now.
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you know we have been consistently making new discoveries over the 15 years
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that we have been taking data that's my my real wish
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that this may continue
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and it will young people around the world will be saying this is the field for me then i hope
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so it's been a joy speaking to you thank you very
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much indeed thank you very much thank you bye bye now
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 86 वाक्य और 1014 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 7:43 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 131 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 83% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| galaxy संज्ञा | /ˈɡæl.ək.si/ | मंदाकिनी |
| extraordinary विशेषण | /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/ | असाधारण, अकल्पनीय |
| discovery संज्ञा | /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ | खोज, आविष्कार |
| laboratory संज्ञा | /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/ | प्रयोगशाला |
| talented विशेषण | /ˈtæləntɪd/ | प्रतिभाशाली, गुणी |
| drill संज्ञा | /dɹɪl/ | ड्रिल, बरमा |
| detector संज्ञा | /dɪˈtɛktə(ɹ)/ | डिटेक्टर |
| astronomy संज्ञा | /əˈstɹɑ.nə.mi/ | खगोल शास्त्र |
| proposal संज्ञा | /pɹəˈpoʊzəl/ | प्रस्ताव |
| guarantee संज्ञा | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | प्रतिभूति |
| discover क्रिया | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | खोज निकालना, खोज करना |
| physics संज्ञा | /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ | भौतिक शास्त्र, भौतिकी |
| reflect क्रिया | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | प्रतिबिंबित करना |
| difficulty संज्ञा | /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ | कठिनाई, मुसीबत |
| crucial विशेषण | /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/ | निर्णायक |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | been awarded · are produced · is surrounded |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | has obviously been · has always been · have been |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | Volante, which means · was, which is · Wisconsin, which has |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 14 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे I'm, didn't, doesn't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/, technician /tɛkˈnɪʃən/, usher /ˈʌʃəɹ/, sophistication /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: extraordinary /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/, laboratory /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/, astronomy /əˈstɹɑ.nə.mi/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर galaxy, extraordinary, discovery जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।