Prática de Shadowing: First reactions | Francis Halzen, Nobel Prize in Physics 2026 | telephone interview - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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86 frases
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Hello.
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Oh, hello.
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Am I speaking with Francis Halsan?
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Speaking.
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Hello, my name is Adam Smith.
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You are lucky you're talking to me because I only answered because, you know, I thought it was a call from Sweden,
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but I'm glad to talk to you.
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I'm very glad to talk to you.
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Thank you very much indeed.
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And lucky me that you recognize the Swedish prefix.
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Thank you.
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May I just start by asking, how did the news actually reach you?
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How did you learn that you'd been awarded the Nobel Prize?
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You know, I am travelling.
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I travelled between, I was at a science festival in Bergamo over the weekend.
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I was sitting in my hotel room writing a proposal.
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As I joked in one of the meetings, I hope it helps to get it funded.
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Let's hope so, because finding time to finish it is going to be hard, I'm afraid, yes.
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Yes, I'm afraid so too.
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You know, just like Ice Cube, I have talented collaborators, so they always help me survive.
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I'll come through this one as well.
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I mean, if we think of Ice Cube and its extraordinary beauty
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and size there in the translucent ice under the South Pole, you and your collaborators must be very proud
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well yeah and in fact my uh main reaction to this project over time was not proud
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but was surprised you know i gave a talk very early
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on the in the project at a conference in venice where I said, this is a detector, Deo Volante, which means God willing.
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And I listed all the hurdles we had to overcome.
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And among these hurdles, you know, we overcame them all, evidently.
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That's why I'm here.
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But was the fact that we didn't really know what the optics of the ice was, which is crucial because it's a particle detector that detects light.
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And so we made this incredible discovery that blue light that we detect can travel for hundreds of meters through this ice.
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And that was totally unexpected as well.
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So beyond all the other risks of whether hot water drilling would work and whether we could beat the backgrounds,
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this was what really made the project possible and that was pure luck.
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After the fact that it's totally normal,
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this is ancient snow that fell on Antarctica 50 ,000 years ago and it's ultra -pure and that's why it's so transparent.
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But we really didn't have the guarantee of that.
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But I suppose fortune favours the bold and in your case everything fell into place.
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As I said, at every step, my reaction was surprise rather than pride.
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And now this ushers in this dawn of a new era of neutrino astronomy.
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I know that it's early days, but what do these neutrinos allow us to see?
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Well, the first source we really identified by ourselves was an active galaxy
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and the data of that active galaxy tell us
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that the neutrinos are produced very close to the black hole at the center of that galaxy.
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And it's an active galaxy, so it has a supermassive black hole
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and the core of the galaxy is surrounded by plasma which produces the target to produce these neutrinos.
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This is obviously a place from which light doesn't escape.
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It can, with great difficulty, maybe be studied with radio telescopes. But
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so our first detection of a source is already an example
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of looking into the very close regions of the black hole where presumably only neutrinos escape.
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That's extraordinary.
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This is just one example of the concept for which we all thought that the neutrino astronomy was promising.
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As someone mentioned in the press conference,
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it's actually, in retrospect, the most amazing thing is that we got funded for this project.
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The National Science Foundation should take great credit for this.
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And also the environment that you were able to work in, Wisconsin, which has obviously been very supportive for you.
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Yes, incredibly.
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In two ways.
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Wisconsin has always been a place that has tolerated unconventional physics and unconventional ideas.
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We got instant support at the very early stages of the project.
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Where, as I said, this project, everybody thought, is a cute idea that won't work.
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We got the support from the chancellor of the administration, and we were not just lucky.
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In a sense that the University of Wisconsin had a decision to create a laboratory
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that could actually build equipment of the type required and the size and the sophistication required for this project.
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It's called the Physical Sciences Laboratory.
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It's kind of a non -profit, high -tech lab.
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And the very talented technicians, engineers that were available to us there played a major role.
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And that's where, you know,
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for instance, the hot water drilling equipment that was so critical for achieving the deployment of these sensors.
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That's where it was designed and built.
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And so most universities over the years had gotten rid of these labs,
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but Wisconsin was one of the few places which maintained this capability, and that's what made IceCube possible there.
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I just wanted to finish by just reflecting on this extraordinary thing
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that this new era will allow you to use neutrinos to look to the very edges of the universe
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and to the very beginnings of time.
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I mean, there is so much to be discovered, isn't there?
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That's right.
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And so someone asked me what will be this, what will the neutrino astronomer be like 50 years from now?
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There's no way to answer that question.
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I wouldn't like to answer that question for, if you ask me, one year from now.
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you know we have been consistently making new discoveries over the 15 years
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that we have been taking data that's my my real wish
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that this may continue
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and it will young people around the world will be saying this is the field for me then i hope
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so it's been a joy speaking to you thank you very
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much indeed thank you very much thank you bye bye now
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 86 frases e 1014 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 7:43. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 131 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 83% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| galaxy substantivo | /ˈɡæl.ək.si/ | galáxia |
| extraordinary adjetivo | /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/ | extraordinário, extraordinária |
| discovery substantivo | /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ | descoberta |
| laboratory substantivo | /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/ | laboratório |
| talented adjetivo | /ˈtæləntɪd/ | talentoso |
| overcome verbo | /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/ | vencer, superar |
| drill substantivo | /dɹɪl/ | furadeira, berbequim |
| detect verbo | /dɪˈtɛkt/ | detectar, detetar |
| detector substantivo | /dɪˈtɛktə(ɹ)/ | detetor, detector |
| astronomy substantivo | /əˈstɹɑ.nə.mi/ | astronomia |
| proposal substantivo | /pɹəˈpoʊzəl/ | proposta |
| guarantee substantivo | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | garantia |
| discover verbo | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | descobrir |
| physics substantivo | /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ | física |
| reflect verbo | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | refletir |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | been awarded · are produced · is surrounded |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has always been · have been · it's been |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | Volante, which means · was, which is · Wisconsin, which has |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 14 contrações e formas reduzidas, como I'm, didn't, doesn't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/, technician /tɛkˈnɪʃən/, usher /ˈʌʃəɹ/, sophistication /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: extraordinary /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/, laboratory /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/, astronomy /əˈstɹɑ.nə.mi/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como galaxy, extraordinary, discovery.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.