Shadowing Practice: Think In English With Me | Episode 2: “Relationships“ - Learn English Speaking with Video
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You know English, you've studied for years.
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So why, when someone asks about your family, your best friend, the person you're dating, do you freeze?
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And out comes, they're nice, we're close, flat, small, nothing like the real you.
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It's not your English.
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Nobody ever showed you how native speakers actually think through these answers.
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So today we fixed that.
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not going to translate.
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We're going to think in English together.
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Are you ready?
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Well then let's jump right in section number one, the gap you can hear.
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We're going to look at three real life situations, each shown two different ways.
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How an English learner would handle it and how a native English speaker would handle it.
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No teaching yet.
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No breakdown, no analysis.
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I just want you to listen to the differences.
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The gap between the two versions is the whole point.
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Once you hear it clearly, you can't unhear it.
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Let's start with situation number one, the friend catching up.
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Here's the learner version.
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Person a, how was your new boyfriend?
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Person B.
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He's good.
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We're happy.
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Person a, that's nice.
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How did you meet?
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Person B at a party.
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My friend introduced us.
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That was good.
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Very simple, but it was the learner version.
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Now listen to the native English speaker version.
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Person A.
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Okay.
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So how's it going with Danny?
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You've been kind of quiet about him.
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Person B.
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I know I've been holding back.
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It's going really well, actually like suspiciously well.
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I keep waiting for the thing, you know, the red flag.
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It just hasn't shown up yet.
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Person A, maybe there isn't one.
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Person B, that's what he says.
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He's very, why are you looking for problems? Which, fair.
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And honestly, even the way we met was ridiculous.
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Kara sat us next to each other at her birthday and then wouldn't own up to it.
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Very different conversations, both grammatically having no issues, but one is the learner version and one is the native speaker version.
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What about this situation?
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The manager.
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Here's the learner version.
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Person A.
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How is the project with Mark?
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Person B.
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It is difficult.
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He does not answer any emails.
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Person A, I see that's a problem.
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Person B, yes, I don't know what to do.
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Again, good conversation, very simple, to the point, but still a learner version.
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Now listen closely to the native English speaker version.
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Person A, how's the handoff with Mark going?
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I know that's been a little bumpy.
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person B honestly it's been slow I'll send something over
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and then hear nothing for three four days person A is it everything
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or specific things person B mostly anything
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that needs a decision from him quick questions he'll answer same day
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so I don't read it as personal I think he's stretched thin.
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He picked up two extra accounts last month and I'd rather not escalate over a bandwidth issue,
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but I do need a decision by Thursday to protect the timeline.
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Notice the difference again, the learner version and the native English speaker version.
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What about this situation?
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The siblings again, remember we are on section number one,
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the gap you can hear just listening for the gaps between the learner version and the native English speaker version.
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Now with this situation, we have two siblings.
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Here's the learner version.
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Person A, do you still talk to Nadia?
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Person B, no, not really.
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We stopped talking.
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Person B, What happened?
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Person B Nothing, we just became different.
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That's the learner version.
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Here's the native English speaker version.
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Person A Hey, do you ever hear from Nadia anymore?
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Person B Not in like two years.
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It's weird because nothing happened.
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There was no fight.
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We just drifted apart and I don't think either of us noticed until it was already done.
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Person A Do you miss her?
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Person B.
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Sometimes, mostly I miss who I was around her.
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I was funnier back then, I think.
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Two different versions.
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The learner version and the native English speaker version.
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You just listened to hear the gap.
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Now we move to section number two.
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The word you don't have yet.
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You see, inside each native English speaker dialogue is a word or phrase that an English learner wouldn't think to use.
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Not because it's complicated, but because nobody ever taught it as active vocabulary.
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So we're going to pull one term out of each dialogue.
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Three terms total.
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These are real words used in real life by native English speakers.
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The kind that shift how you sound the moment they enter your speech.
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These terms will make you sound more like a native.
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So section two, the word you don't have yet.
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Let's look at situation number one, situation number one.
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We had a dialogue.
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The term from that dialogue we're going to look at is holding back, holding back.
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Now, where does this live in the dialogue?
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The dialogue between the two individuals in the dialogue?
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This is how it was used.
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I've been holding back again.
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I've been holding back.
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So what does it mean in real use?
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It means deliberately keeping something to yourself like news and opinion of feeling usually out of hesitation or self-protection.
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This is the meaning of this term holding back.
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Now, why would you as an English learner not have this expression, this term?
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You see in a situation, you'd probably say, I didn't say anything or I kept it secret.
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Neither of these phrases though carries the sense of a choice made while being unsure.
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Holding back, however, contains the hesitation itself.
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When I, as a native English speaker say I was holding back, I'm letting the person listening to me know,
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ah, there was a measure of hesitation along with me not saying something.
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So here's how you can use it, right?
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I could tell she was holding back during the interview or don't hold back.
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I want the real feedback or he held back on announcing it until the contract was signed.
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This is how you can use it.
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These are examples of how you can use this term.
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What about situation number two?
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In situation number two, we had a new term, a new expression.
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Stretched thin.
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Stretched thin.
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So how was it used in the dialogue?
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This expression was used like this.
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I think he's stretched thin.
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I think he's stretched thin.
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Now, what does this mean in real use?
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What's the definition?
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You see, it means to be pulled in too many directions at once with not enough of you to go around.
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You can't spread yourself around.
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It's professional while still being warm.
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It explains someone's failure without blaming them.
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Ah, he's just stretched thin.
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He's not able to do everything, but it's very kind still.
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Now, why would you as an English learner not have this?
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You see, instead of saying stretched thin, you'd probably say he is very busy or he has too much work.
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These are accurate statements, but they're a little flat.
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Stretched thin, on the other hand, carries the sympathy built in,
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which is what makes it safe to say about a colleague in front of a manager.
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Hey, he's a bit stretched thin because it shows you care about the person.
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Now here's the portability check, right?
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How you can use this in many different ways.
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It's portable.
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It's a phrase that can be used in many different ways.
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The first way I'm stretched thin until Friday.
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Can this wait?
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Next, the support team's been stretched thin since the launch.
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And finally, she looked stretched thin.
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So I took two things off her plate.
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Again, stretched thin, a natural expression phrase that we as native English speakers use.
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What about situation three?
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Again, the dialogue between two native speakers in that dialogue, we had the expression drifted apart.
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Again, drifted apart.
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Now, where does this live in the dialogue?
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How was it used?
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It was used like this.
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We just drifted apart again.
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We just drifted apart.
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Now, what does this mean in real life?
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In real use to people slowly becoming distant with no single cause and no decision.
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The key ideas are gradual and unintentional.
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There was no fight.
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There was no argument.
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There was no disagreement.
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It just was a gradual separating gradual and unintentional.
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Now, why would you as an English learner probably not have this?
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Because you would probably just say we stopped talking, which sounds like somebody chose to stop talking.
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On the other hand, drifted apart is precisely the wording, the phrase we need for when nobody chose anything, it just happened.
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You see why listening to real conversations helps you start thinking like a native English speaker
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because there are lots of meanings behind what we say as native speakers.
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So how can you use this in many different ways?
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Drifted apart.
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Here's the portability.
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How portable is it?
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First, my college roommate and I drifted apart after graduation.
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Next, the two departments have drifted apart since the reorg.
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And finally, we drifted apart for a few years and then found our way back.
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Again, drifted apart.
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So section number two, the second part is all about finding the words you didn't have by looking at the dialogues,
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the conversations between native English speakers, which now leads us to section number three, how they build their sentences,
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how native English speakers build sentences.
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Now we have the same three dialogues, but now we look underneath.
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You see native speakers, native English speakers don't just use better words.
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We build our answers on hidden patterns, three patterns to recognize answering with details,
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defending an opinion with reasons, and walking someone through a personal experience.
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These are things that we build upon again, details, opinions, and personal experiences.
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Now, once you as an English learner see these patterns, you'll start hearing them everywhere.
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These are patterns that native speakers learn.
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I learned these patterns all throughout my schooling.
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So let's see what these patterns are.
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Situation.
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Number one, the structure was details.
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Listen, a learner would say he is good.
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We are happy, but that has zero detail.
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Remember the first dialogue he's good.
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We are happy, but there's no detail in this.
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The listener learns nothing about him, her, or them just knows the detail.
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No detail actually.
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However, what the native speaker does is stacks specific concrete details.
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So again, the learner just says, we're happy.
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We're good.
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No specific details, but the native speaker gives concrete and specific details.
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For example, what was the feeling?
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Suspiciously well in the dialogue.
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He said, suspiciously well, what's the thing being waited for the red flag.
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What were his actual words?
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Remember she was talking about her boyfriend, his actual words.
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Why are you looking for problems?
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And then the meeting she explained, Kara sat us next to each other at her birthday.
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So what's the pattern that you should notice?
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Native English speakers answer how questions with things that you can picture, things that you can visualize,
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not abstractions, not we are happy.
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We give native speakers give specific images, specific.
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Woo.
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That was a tongue twister.
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Specific.
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That's staying in there.
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Specific quotes and specific scenes.
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We give details.
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In our first dialogue, we saw the female giving details about her boyfriend and their relationship.
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Then in situation number two, the structure was opinion plus reasons.
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Opinion plus reasons.
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Now, what does the learner do?
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When we looked at the dialogue for situation two, the learner just said, he does not answer my emails.
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I don't know what to do.
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This states the problem, but it gives no read on it.
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You don't know what's going on.
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You don't have an opinion and it hands the thinking to someone else.
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A learner is just stating, Hey, this is the problem, but I don't know what to do.
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However, what does a native speaker do?
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A native speaker on the other hand, lays out evidence, then stakes a position, gives the evidence and then gives a position.
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Listen from the dialogue for situation number two, here's the first evidence.
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I'll send something over and then hear nothing for three or four days.
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They gave evidence.
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Evidence number two, quick questions.
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He'll answer the same day.
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Remember this was said during the conversation.
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The conclusion is then drawn.
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So I don't read it as personal.
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I think he's stretched thin giving an opinion position.
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I'd rather not escalate over a bandwidth issue, but I do need a decision by Thursday.
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You see the difference.
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The learner said he doesn't answer my emails.
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I don't know what to do.
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Whereas the native speaker gives evidences and then says, Hey, this is what I'm thinking.
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And this is my position.
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Here's the pattern I want you to notice when it comes to the structure of opinion plus reasons,
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the opinion arrives after the evidence, not before.
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So you're giving the evidence and then you're giving your opinion, right?
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The order is what makes it sound like analysis.
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Instead of complaining, the person's not complaining.
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They're just analyzing the evidence.
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And in a professional setting, that difference is everything.
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This makes a difference.
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So what about situation number three, situation number three, the structure is personal experience.
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You see these different structures, right?
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The first one was details.
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Then we had opinion plus reasons.
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Now we have personal experience.
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So what did the learner do in the dialogue?
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The learner said, we stopped talking.
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We just became different.
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That was the whole thing.
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It confirms the fact and then closes the door.
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What's the fact?
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We stopped talking.
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We just became different.
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Door closed.
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No more conversation.
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However, a native speaker does something different.
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A native speaker walks the listener through an actual experience.
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Listen closely to how the individual walked us through their experience.
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What was the timeframe?
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They said not in like two years, the obvious explanation removed.
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There was no fight.
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The real process named.
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We just drifted apart.
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The self knowledge.
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I don't think either of us noticed until it was already done.
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And finally the layer underneath.
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Mostly I miss who I was around her.
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So what's the pattern here? here, the pattern you should notice native English speakers don't summarize their experiences.
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It's not about memorization.
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Instead, they place the listener inside of the personal experience and then go one layer deeper than the question actually asked for.
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Take a person deeper.
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Again, section number three is all about how native speakers build their sentences by taking someone deeper,
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using details, using opinions and reasons, and using personal experiences.
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Now we move to section number four, how to sound exactly like the native English speaker.
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Here's where the two layers come together.
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The structure from section three plus the term from section two, working in one response.
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This is what it actually sounds like
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when a native speaker handles the situation at what it could sound like
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and what it could sound like coming out of your mouth.
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So let's start with situation number one.
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We learned that the structure is based on details and the term was holding back.
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So details plus holding back.
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So here's the learner response one more time, just for contrast.
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The learner response was, he is good.
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We are happy.
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Now here's the fully emulated native English speaker response using details and holding back.
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Honestly, it's going really well.
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I've been holding back on saying anything because I kept waiting for some red flag to show up and it just hasn't.
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Even the way we met was ridiculous.
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Kara sat us next to each other at her birthday and then acted like it was a coincidence.
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This is the entire native English response, English speaker, details, plus the term holding back.
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What do you notice?
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The structure supplies the images, the red flag, the birthday, the take or fake coincidence that Kara set up.
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However, the term supplies the reason those images went unmentioned until now.
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Details without the term sound like a story without a narrator.
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The term holding back without details sounds like a confession with nothing or nothing behind it.
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So again, these two together are important details plus holding back.
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What about situation number two?
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It's about to get interesting.
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Situation number two is opinion plus reasons plus the term stretched thin.
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Again, opinion plus reasons and then the term stretched thin.
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Now, here's what the learner response was one more time just for comparison.
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It is difficult.
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He does not answer my emails.
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The grammar is perfect, but that was a learner response.
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It is difficult.
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He does not answer my emails.
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Now we have the fully emulated native English response with the opinion, the reasons, and the expression stretched thin.
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Listen closely.
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It's been slow.
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Anything that needs a decision from him sits for three or four days.
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Quick questions he answers same day though, so I don't read it as personal.
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I think he's just stretched thin since he picked up those extra accounts.
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I'd rather not escalate over a bandwidth issue, but I do need a decision by Thursday to protect the timeline.
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This is the full response, opinion plus reasons plus stretched thin.
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So what you need to notice is this, the structure earns the conclusion by laying out the evidence first.
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The term delivers that conclusion generously instead of accusingly.
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Without it though, the sentence becomes, he has too much work.
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Same idea, but it sounds like a learner and slightly more like blame.
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This is why using the term stretched thin is so important
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and makes this sound more like a native English speaker said it.
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Now we look at situation number three.
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Personal experience is a structure and our term is drifted apart.
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Again, personal experience and drifted apart.
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So here's the learner response one more time for situation three.
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No, not really.
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We stopped talking again.
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No, not really.
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We stopped talking.
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That was the learner response.
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However, when we look at the fully emulated native English speaker response, we see the personal experience plus the term drifted apart.
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Listen closely, not in about two years years and the strange part is there was no fight.
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We just drifted apart and I don't think either of us noticed until it was already done.
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What I miss isn't even the conversations, it's who I was around her.
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So what I need you to notice, the experience structure, time frame, no fight, the real process,
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the layer underneath, it carries the whole answer.
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Now drifted apart the term is the term that explains an ending without assigning any blame to anyone,
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which is the only reason the sentence can turn inward instead of turning into an accusation because of this term,
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this natural term drifted apart.
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This now leads us to section number five.
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It's your turn to think in English.
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Now we have fresh questions, not dialogues, the kind of discussion questions that you could be asked in a real conversation tomorrow.
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Yep.
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Tomorrow.
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Each one comes with the flat learner response and then three native responses.
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One built on each pattern.
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Remember the patterns, details, opinions, plus reasons, and personal experience.
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The point isn't to memorize any of them.
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The point is to notice what changes when you,
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my friend, stop answering like a learner and start thinking like a native speaker.
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So let's dive deeper into these examples.
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Here's the question.
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Question number one.
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Are you close with your family?
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Again, are you close with your family?
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Now, a learner response would be, yes, we are close.
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We talk sometimes.
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Perfect grammar.
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No issue, but it's a learner response.
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Now let's check out three different native English speaker responses to the question.
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Are you close with your family?
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First native response based on the detailed structure.
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Pretty close.
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Yeah.
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My sister and I text constantly, mostly nonsense, screenshots, stuff we saw.
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And my mom calls every Sunday around noon, whether I pick up or not.
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The structure, giving details.
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Here's the second native response again to the question, are you close with your family?
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But this time using opinion plus reasons.
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Answer, closer than we used to be, honestly.
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We all live in different cities now and I think the distance made us more intentional about it.
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When you have to schedule a call, you actually show up for it.
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The structure, opinion plus reason.
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And finally, the third native response.
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Personal experience answering the question, are you close with your family?
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Here's the response.
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We weren't for a long time.
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Then my dad got sick a few years ago and everybody sort of collapsed back toward each other.
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It's better now, but it took something serious to get us there.
399
So again, you see the three native responses based on the three structures.
400
What about this question?
401
Question number two, what makes someone a good friend?
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What makes someone a good friend?
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Now here's the learner response, a very simple response that a learner would give.
404
A good friend is kind and helps you.
405
That's good.
406
The grammar is great, but it's not a native English speaker response.
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So now to the same question, we're going to look at three native responses based on the three structures, details, opinions, plus reasons and personal experience.
408
So again, the question, what makes someone a good friend?
409
And native response number one, based on details.
410
Someone who remembers the small stuff.
411
They'll text you the morning of your job interview unprompted, or they'll bring up something you mentioned once four months ago.
412
That's the whole thing, really.
413
That's details.
414
Native response number two, opinion plus reasons.
415
Consistency more than anything.
416
Plenty of people are wonderful when things are exciting.
417
The ones worth keeping are the ones still around during the boring stretches
418
when there's nothing to celebrate and nothing to show up for.
419
And finally, the third native response based on the structure of personal experience.
420
The question again, what makes someone a good friend?
421
I found out when I moved and was completely miserable for about six months.
422
One person kept checking in even when I was terrible company.
423
I didn't really understand what friendship was until then.
424
So question two, what makes a good friend?
425
We have three natural responses.
426
Why?
427
Because of the structures.
428
And what about question number three?
429
Do you find it easy to make new friends as an adult?
430
Here's the learner response.
431
No, it is difficult.
432
I don't have time.
433
Again, do you find it easy to make new friends as an adult?
434
The learner response, it answers the question, but there's no structure.
435
So it's a learner response.
436
Now look at these three native responses.
437
Response number one, based on the detailed structure.
438
Not really.
439
It's the repetition you lose in school.
440
You saw the same people every day at the same time.
441
Now you schedule a coffee three weeks out and one of you cancels.
442
Here's the second native response based on the structure of opinion plus reasons.
443
Again, the question, do you find it easy to make new friends as an adult?
444
Harder, but I don't think it's about time.
445
I think adults are afraid to look like they need people.
446
Nobody wants to be the one who follows up twice.
447
So everybody waits and nothing happens.
448
And finally, response number three, the native response based on our structure of personal experience.
449
Same question.
450
Do you find it easy to make new friends as an adult?
451
Here's the response.
452
It took me two years to make one real friend after I moved.
453
We ended up in the same running group and just kept showing up on the same mornings.
454
Proximity did what effort couldn't.
455
This is how you start thinking in English.
456
Section five is your turn to think in English, but look at the sections we went through.
457
We started by listening to real English conversations, and finally we were led to the structures that native speakers use.
458
I hope you enjoyed this lesson.
459
And if you want to continue learning how to think in English and speaking like a native, you can join our family.
460
All you have to do is go to www.speakenglishwithtiffany.com forward slash native N-A-T-I-V-E
461
and continue learning each month how to think in English and how to speak like a native speaker.
462
I'll talk to you in the next lesson.
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Thank you.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “Think In English With Me”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: native, speaker, English, learner, response. Deze video bevat 463 zinnen en 4108 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 29:49. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 138 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 87% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is goed te volgen.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| emulate werkwoord | /ˈɛm.jʊ.leɪt/ | imiteren, nadoen |
| escalate werkwoord | /ˈɛs.kə.leɪt/ | escaleren |
| suspiciously bijwoord | wantrouwig | |
| listener zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | luisteraar, toehoorder |
| hesitation zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌhɛzɪˈteɪʃən/ | aarzeling |
| bandwidth zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈbændwɪdθ/ | bandbreedte |
| gradual bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəl/ | geleidelijk, gestaag |
| grammar zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ | spraakkunst, grammatica |
| unintentional bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌʌnɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/ | onbedoeld, onbedoelde |
| sibling zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsɪb.lɪŋ/ | brus, sibling |
| coincidence zelfstandig naamwoord | /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/ | toeval |
| portable bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈpɔɹtəbəl/ | draagbaar |
| timeline zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈtaɪmˌlaɪn/ | tijdlijn |
| abstraction zelfstandig naamwoord | /æbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/ | abstractie |
| excite werkwoord | /ɪkˈsaɪt/ | prikkelen, opwinden |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| pick up werkwoord | oppakken, optillen | |
| show up werkwoord | tentoonstellen | |
| bring up werkwoord | opvoeden | |
| check out werkwoord | onderzoeken | |
| come together werkwoord | /ˈkʌm tʊˈɡɛðɚ/ | bijeenkomen, samenkomen |
| find out werkwoord | ontdekken, onderzoeken | |
| set up werkwoord | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | bereiden, voorbereiden |
| think through werkwoord | doordenken |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- Once you hear it clearly, you can't unhear it.
- Person a, how was your new boyfriend?
- He's very, why are you looking for problems?
- Why are you looking for problems?
- Are you close with your family?
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — iets dat eerder begon en nog bezig is | I've been holding |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | was used · was signed · be pulled |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | you've studied · You've been · hasn't shown |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | Someone who remembers · one who follows |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 71 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals don't, we're, I've. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: bandwidth /ˈbændwɪdθ/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, sympathy /ˈsɪm.pəθ.i/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: hesitation /ˌhɛzɪˈteɪʃən/, unintentional /ˌʌnɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/, abstraction /æbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/, memorization /ˈmem(ə)ɹaɪˌzeɪʃn̩/, repetition /ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: hesitation /ˌhɛzɪˈteɪʃən/, unintentional /ˌʌnɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/, coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/, accusingly /əˈkju.zɪŋ.li/, memorization /ˈmem(ə)ɹaɪˌzeɪʃn̩/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: inward /ˈɪnwəd/, memorize /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/, summarize /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/, visualize /ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: bandwidth /ˈbændwɪdθ/, gradual /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəl/, grammar /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/, abstraction /æbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/, accusation /ˌæk.jʊˈzeɪ.ʃ(ə)n/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: gradual /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəl/, grammar /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/, disagreement /dɪsəˈɡɹiːmənt/, colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/, graduation /ˌɡɹæd͡ʒuˈeɪʃən/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als emulate, escalate, suspiciously.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.