Shadowing Practice: Relative clauses - Grammar Genius C - Unit 17 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This video has 14 sentences and 94 words to shadow. The speech runs for 1:57. The speaker talks slowly, about 48 words per minute, so there is time to copy every sound. 85% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.
Key vocabulary in this video
9 less common words from the video, with pronunciation and meaning:
- cloth /klɒθ/ (noun) — A fabric, usually made of woven, knitted, or felted fibres or filaments, such as used in dressing, decorating, cleaning or other practical use. Sometimes…
- wash /wɑʃ/ (verb) — To clean with water.
- jacket /ˈd͡ʒæk.ɪt/ (noun) — A piece of clothing worn on the upper body outside a shirt or blouse, often waist length to thigh length.
- skirt /skɚt/ (noun) — A separate article of clothing, usually worn by women and girls, that hangs from the waist and covers the lower torso and part of the legs.
- shirt /ʃɜɹt/ (noun) — An article of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body, often with sleeves that cover some or all of the arms.
- colour (noun) — Commonwealth and Ireland standard spelling of color.
- sister /ˈsɪs.tɚ/ (noun) — A daughter of the same parents as another person; a female sibling.
- unit /ˈjuː.nɪt/ (noun) — Oneness, singularity, seen as a component of a whole number; a magnitude of one.
- birthday /ˈbɜːθ.deɪ/ (noun) — The anniversary of the day on which someone is born.
Pronunciation to watch
- The “th” sounds: cloth /klɒθ/, birthday /ˈbɜːθ.deɪ/
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: wash /wɑʃ/, shirt /ʃɜɹt/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like cloth, wash, jacket.
Grammar in this video
The structures the speaker uses most, with the exact words from the video:
| Structure | In the video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — a past action that still matters now | have shrunk |
What is the Shadowing Technique?
Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.