Prática de Shadowing: How Does Dialysis Work? | Kidneys & Blood Cleaning Explained | Dr. Binocs Show - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Eww!
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The water's dirty!
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Oh dear!
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Looks like our filters tired, Kitty!
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Filtering isn't easy, you know!
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Even our kidneys can get worn out!
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Really?
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What happens then?
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The humans need a little artificial help.
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Let me show you by answering how dialysis works.
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Zoom in!
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Every day, your two bean -shaped organs called kidneys quietly pull off one of the most amazing jobs in your body.
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They clean your blood.
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They remove waste like urea, valence, electrolytes such as sodium and potassium and regulate fluid levels,
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blood pressure and even red blood cell production.
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The purified blood then returns to circulation while the waste is excreted from the body as urine.
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But sometimes, due to conditions such as diabetes, long -term high blood pressure,
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severe infections or certain genetic disorders,
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the kidneys may lose their ability to function properly this loss of function is known as kidney failure
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or renal failure when this happens toxins fluids
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and salts begin to build up in the body leading to fatigue nausea swelling
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and further increases in blood pressure if left untreated these imbalances can damage the heart,
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lungs and other vital organs.
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That's where dialysis comes in.
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An artificial way to take over the kidneys cleansing job of removing waste and extra fluid from the blood.
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But then how does it work?
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Well there are two main types of dialysis.
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Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
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Each using a different method but based on the same scientific principles of diffusion and osmosis
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The movement of particles and water across a semi -permeable membrane
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In hemodialysis, blood is cleansed outside the body using a machine called a dialyzer
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Often referred to as an artificial kidney
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To prepare for treatment, a small surgical procedure creates a vascular access such as an arteriovenous AV fistula,
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a direct connection between an artery and a vein or a graft, which is a soft plastic tube connecting the two.
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During each dialysis session, two needles are inserted into this access point.
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Blood flows out of the body through one needle and travels through tiny hollow fibres inside the dialyser.
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As it moves along, waste molecules like urea
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and excess potassium pass through the fibre walls into a special cleansing fluid called dialysate,
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while essential components remain in the bloodstream.
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The cleaned blood then returns to the body through the second needle and into the veins.
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This process usually takes about four hours and is performed three times a week.
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Peritoneal dialysis, on the other hand, turns the body into its own filter.
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A soft tube called a catheter is surgically placed into the patient's abdomen.
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The peritoneum, the thin membrane lining the abdominal cavity,
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acts as the natural semi -permeable filter.
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Dylacate fluid is infused into the cavity where it absorbs wastes and excess water from the surrounding blood vessels.
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After several hours, the used fluid now containing toxins is drained into a collection bag
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this process called an exchange can be done manually several times a day
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or automatically overnight with the machine
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while dialysis can't cure kidney disease it provides a remarkable bridge keeping people alive
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and healthy enough to await a transplant or continue living and act manageable life.
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Trivia time!
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Did you know each kidney is roughly the size of a closed fist and weighs just under 0 .4 kilograms?
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Also, each kidney contains approximately 1 million microscopic filtering units called nephrons.
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Sketching time!
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Today's sketch of the day goes to scarlet harris hope
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you learned something critical today until next time
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it's me dr binocs zooming out kitty why
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or not did you bring a dialysis machine to replace the ordinary water filter
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Oh, Kitty, never mind.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “How Does Dialysis Work?”. As palavras que mais se repetem: blood, kidney, dialysis, fluid, waste. Este vídeo tem 60 frases e 610 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 5:52. O falante fala devagar, cerca de 104 palavras por minuto, o que dá tempo para imitar cada som. Apenas 70% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| kidney substantivo | /ˈkɪdni/ | rim |
| filter substantivo | /ˈfɪltɚ/ | filtro, crivo |
| fluid substantivo | /ˈflu.ɪd/ | fluido, líquido |
| artificial adjetivo | /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/ | artificial |
| kitty substantivo | /ˈkɪti/ | gatinho |
| needle substantivo | /ˈniː.dəl/ | agulha |
| tube substantivo | /tuːb/ | tubo, bisnaga |
| excess substantivo | /ˈɛksɛs/ | excesso |
| organ substantivo | /ˈɔːɡən/ | órgão |
| sketch substantivo | /ˈskɛt͡ʃ/ | esboço, rascunho |
| zoom verbo | /zuːm/ | zumbir |
| membrane substantivo | /ˈmɛm.bɹeɪn/ | membrana |
| vein substantivo | /veɪn/ | veia |
| fibre substantivo | /ˈfaɪ.bə(ɹ)/ | fibra |
| cavity substantivo | /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/ | cavidade |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| pull off verbo | conseguir |
| take over verbo | tomar posse de, apoderar-se de |
| wear out verbo | desgastar |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
- Os sons de “th”: thin /ˈθɪn/, catheter /ˈkæθɪtɚ/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, diffusion /dɪˈfju.ʒən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, manually /ˈmænj(u)əliː/, dialysis /daɪˈælɪsɪs/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: fluid /ˈflu.ɪd/, tube /tuːb/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/, genetic /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/, component /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, needle /ˈniː.dəl/, vital /ˈvaɪtəl/, principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/, vessel /ˈvɛsəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: hollow /ˈhɑloʊ/, hemodialysis /ˌhi.moʊ.daɪˈæ.lɪ.sɪs/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como kidney, filter, fluid.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.