Prática de Shadowing: Most People Waste Their Life Without Realizing It | Naval Ravikant - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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190 frases
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What is happiness?
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I think it's just basically being okay with where you are.
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Not wanting.
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Not wanting things to be different than the way they are.
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Not having the sense that anything is missing in this moment.
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If you can observe your own thoughts and view them a little objectively, then you can start being a little more choosy, a little more critical.
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And you can realize that there are no problems in the real world other than maybe things
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that inflict pain on your body.
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Everything else has to become a problem in your mind first You have to view it
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and interpret it and create a narrative
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that it is a problem before it becomes a problem and then you realize that a lot of your
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emotional energy is spent on reacting to things
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that your mind is automatically saying are problems And you don't need all those problems.
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Do you really need that many problems in your life?
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Again, I would say try to focus on just one Overarching problem and then go solve that problem.
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If you define pain as physical pain, then it's a real thing.
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It happens and you can't ignore it.
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But that's not what we mean by suffering.
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Suffering is mostly mental anguish and mental pain.
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And it just means you don't want to do the task at hand.
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If you were fine doing the task at hand, then you wouldn't be suffering.
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And then the question is, what's more effective, to suffer along the way or just to interpret it in a way that it's not suffering?
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You hear from a lot of successful people, they look back and they say, oh, the journey was the fun part, right?
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That was actually the entertaining part
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and i should have enjoyed it more it's a common regret
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but just be careful because your attention is the only thing
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that you have one big anxiety resolve for me is just
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ruminating on death i think that's a good one you're gonna die it's all going to zero
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if you can keep the idea in front of you at all times
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that you're going to die and that everything goes literally to zero
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what's there to stress about yeah for better
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or worse life is very short how should people deal with
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its briefness enjoy it there's a little thought exercise i like to do
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which is you can go back into your own life
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and try to put yourself in the exact position you were
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in five years ago 10 years ago 15 years ago 20 years ago
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and you try to remember okay who was i with what
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was i doing what was i feeling what were my emotions what were my objectives
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and really really try to transport yourself back and see
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if there's any advice you'd give yourself anything you'd do differently
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now you don't have new information don't pretend you could have gone back
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and you know bought a stock or bought bitcoin or whatever
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but just knowing what you know now in terms of your temperament
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and a little bit of age related experience how would you have done things differently
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and i think it's a worthwhile exercise to do
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so don't let me rob you of the conclusion
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but i'll tell you for me uh i would have done
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everything the same except i would have done it with less anger, less emotion, less internal suffering.
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Because that was optional, it wasn't necessary.
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And I would argue that someone who can do the job at least peacefully,
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but maybe happily, is going to be more effective than someone who has unnecessary emotional turmoil.
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And the journey is not only the reward, the journey is the only thing there is.
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Even success, it's human nature to bank it very, very quickly.
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Because the normal loop that we run through is you sit around, you're bored, then you want something then
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when you want something you decide you're not going to be happy until you get
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that thing then you start your bout of suffering or anticipation
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while you strive to get that thing if you get
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that thing then you get used to it
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and then you get bored again then a few months later you want something else
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and if you don't get it then you're unhappy for a bit
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and then you get over it then you want something else right that's the normal cycle
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so whether you're happy
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or unhappy at the end it tends not to last now i don't want to be glib and say that, oh, there's no point in making money or being successful.
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There absolutely is.
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Money solves all your money problems.
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So it is good to have money.
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That said, there are those
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stories that shows that people who break their back
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and people who win the lottery are back to their baseline happiness two years later.
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Again, I don't know if that's entirely true.
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I think money can buy you happiness if you earned it, because then along the way, you have both pride and confidence in yourself
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and you have a sense of accomplishment and you set out to do something and you were right.
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How do you shortcut that desire contract?
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You could focus, you could decide that I don't want most things.
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I think we have a lot of unnecessary desires that we just pick up everywhere.
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We have opinions on everything, judgments on everything.
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So I think just knowing that those are the source of unhappiness
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will make you be choosy about your desires and frankly
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if you want to be successful you have to be choosy
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about your desires you have to focus you can't be great
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at everything you can't be great at everything you're just going to waste your energy
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and waste your time don't do something you don't want to do why are you wasting your time there's
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so little time on this earth life goes fast what are the four thousand weeks that's your lifespan um
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and and yes we hear that but we don't remember it
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but uh i guess i'm keenly aware of how little time I have, so I'm just not going to waste it.
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Don't fritter away your life on randomly scheduled things and things that aren't important, don't matter, and events and weddings and,
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you know, tedious dinners with tedious people that you don't want to go to.
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To the extent you can bring freedom into your life, optimize for that, you'll actually be more productive.
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You won't just be happier, more free.
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You will be more productive because then you can focus on what is in front of you, whatever the biggest problem of that day.
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When I wake up in the morning, the first four hours are when I have the most energy.
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And that's when I want to solve all the hard problems.
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And the next four hours are when I kind of want to, you know, do some more outdoorsy activities or I want to work out or maybe I can, you know, have some meetings,
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but I'll try to do those last second based on whatever the day's priorities demand.
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The last four hours, I kind of want to wind down.
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I want to hang out with the kids and I want to play games or read a book or something like that.
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So having that flexibility and freedom is really important.
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So you can just put whatever is most needed into the slot at that moment.
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I reject this frame that efficiency and productivity and success are counter to happiness and freedom.
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They actually go together.
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How so?
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The happier you are, the more you can sustain doing something, the more likely you're going to do something
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that will in turn make you even happier and you'll continue to do it and you'll outwork everybody else.
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The more free you are, the better you can allocate your time
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and the less you're caught up in a web of obligations
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and commitments and the more you can focus on the task at hand.
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So what matters is just being present for the thing.
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So if you're doing something that you want to do and you're fully there for it, then it's not wasted time.
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If you don't want to do it
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and your mind is running away from it and you're reacting against it
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and you're wishing you were somewhere else and you're thinking about some other thing
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or you're anticipating some future thing or regretting some past thing or being fearful of something, then that's wasted time.
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That's time that's being wasted when you're not actually present for the reality in front of you.
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So my definition of wasted time, yes, I do want some material things in life and there are things that have more value than others within this life.
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But this life is very short and bounded.
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So the true waste of time is a time that you are not present for, when you are not there for it,
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when you are not doing the thing you want to do to the best of a capability such
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that you're immersed in it.
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If you're not immersed in this moment, then you're wasting your time.
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The worst outcome in the world is not having self -esteem.
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Why?
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Yeah, it's a tough one.
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I look at the people, and I don't want to offend anybody, but I look at the people who don't like themselves, and that's the toughest slot because they're always wrestling with themselves.
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And it's hard enough to face the outside world.
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And no one's going to like you more than you like yourself.
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So if you're struggling with yourself, then the outside world becomes an insurmountable challenge.
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And it's hard to say why people have low self -esteem.
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It might be genetic it might just be circumstantial.
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A lot of times I think it's because they just weren't unconditionally loved as a child, and that sort of seeps in at a deep core level.
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But self -esteem issues can be the most limiting.
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To some extent, self -esteem is a reputation you have with yourself.
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You're watching yourself at all times, you know what you're doing, and you have your own moral code.
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Everyone has a different moral code.
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But if you don't live up to your own moral code, the same code that you hold others to, it will damage your self -esteem.
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So perhaps one way to build up your self -esteem is
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to live up to your own code very rigorously have one and then live up to it
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another way to raise your self -esteem might be to do things for others
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if I look back on my life and you know what are the moments
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that I'm actually proud of there's very far and few between
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and it's not
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that often it's not the things you would expect it's not the material success it's not having learned this thing
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or that it's when I made a sacrifice for somebody
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or something that I loved and that's when I'm actually ironically most proud.
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Now that's through an explicit mental exercise but I'll bet you at some level I'm recording that implicitly.
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So that tells me that even if I am not being loved then the way to create love is to give love, to express love through sacrifice and through duty.
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And so I think doing things like that can build up your self -esteem really fast.
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Because anxiety is the emotion du jour of the 21st century and lots of driven people,
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very anxious, very paranoid, that's what's caused them to be affected it pays
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so much attention detail oriented not letting things go staying up
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at night thinking about it that's the paranoia coming in what have you come to learn about anxiety
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and dealing with it so anxiety and stress are interesting they're very related stress is
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when like if you look at an iron beam
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when an iron beam is under stress it's
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because it's being bent in two different directions at the same time
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so when your mind is under stress is
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because it has two conflicting desires at once
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so for example you know you you want to be liked
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but you want to do something selfish and you can't reconcile the two and
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so you're under stress you want to do something for somebody
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else you want to do something for yourself right these are you you don't want to go to work
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but you want to make money so you're under stress right
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so you have two conflicting desires
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and I think one of the ways to get through stress is to acknowledge
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that oh I actually have two conflicting desires
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and either I need to resolve it I need to pick one
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and then be okay losing the other or I will decide later
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but at least just being aware of why your stress can help alleviate a lot of stress
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and then anxiety I think is sort of this pervasive
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unidentifiable stress where you're just kind of stressed out all the time and you're not even sure why.
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And you can't even identify the underlying problem.
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And the reason for that is because you have so many unresolved problems,
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unresolved stress points that are piled up in your life that you can no longer identify what the problems are.
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And there's this mountain of garbage in your mind, and it's a little bit of it poking out the top like an iceberg.
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And that's anxiety.
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But underneath, there's a lot of unresolved things.
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And so you just need to kind of go through very carefully every time you're anxious.
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Like, okay, why am I anxious this time?
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I don't know why.
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Oh, well, let me sit here and just think about it.
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Let me write down what the possible causes could be.
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Let me meditate on it.
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Let me journal.
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Let me talk to a therapist.
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Let me talk to my friends.
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Let me just kind of see, like, when does that stress go away?
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If you can kind of identify and unravel and resolve these issues, then I think that helps get rid of anxiety.
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A lot of the anxiety is piled up because we move through life too quickly, not observing our own reactions to things.
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We don't resolve them.
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So this goes counter to what I was saying earlier about not reflecting too much on things.
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But you reflect on the problems to observe them and solve them.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível C1 usa o vídeo “Most People Waste Their Life Without Realizing It”. Este vídeo tem 190 frases e 2450 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 11:34. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 212 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. 88% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| distress substantivo | /dɪˈstɹɛs/ | desconforto |
| esteem verbo | /ɪˈstiːm/ | estimar |
| observe verbo | /əbˈzɜːv/ | seguir, acompanhar |
| immerse verbo | /ɪˈmɜɹs/ | imergir, submergir |
| tedious adjetivo | /ˈtiː.dɪəs/ | entediante, enfadonho |
| interpret verbo | /ɪnˈtɜː.pɹɪt/ | interpretar |
| bore verbo | /boɹ/ | chatear, aborrecer |
| unhappy adjetivo | /ʌnˈhæpi/ | infeliz, triste |
| slot substantivo | /slɑt/ | fenda, ranhura |
| allocate verbo | /ˈæl.ə.keɪt/ | alocar |
| anguish substantivo | /ˈæŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ | agonia, angústia |
| iceberg substantivo | /ˈaɪsbɝɡ/ | iceberg, icebergue |
| implicitly advérbio | implicitamente | |
| inflict verbo | /ɪnˈflɪkt/ | infligir |
| insurmountable adjetivo | insuperável, inexorável |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| get over verbo | superar | |
| go away verbo | sair, partir | |
| go back verbo | voltar | |
| go together verbo | casar bem | |
| pick up verbo | pegar | |
| pile up verbo | amontoar, empilhar | |
| stress out verbo | estressar, stressar | |
| work out verbo | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | calcular |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- Do you really need that many problems in your life?
- It happens and you can't ignore it.
- How do you shortcut that desire contract?
- You won't just be happier, more free.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is spent · being wasted · being loved |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | someone who can · someone who has · people who break |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have done · have you come |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 75 contrações e formas reduzidas, como you're, don't, can't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, therapist /ˈθɛɹəpɪst/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: anguish /ˈæŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, circumstantial /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/, shortcut /ˈʃɔːtkʌt/, accomplishment /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: circumstantial /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/, objectively /əbˈd͡ʒɛktɪvli/, paranoia /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/, temperament /ˈtɛm.pɚ.ə.mənt/, alleviate /əˈli.vi.eɪt/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: interpret /ɪnˈtɜː.pɹɪt/, slot /slɑt/, allocate /ˈæl.ə.keɪt/, iceberg /ˈaɪsbɝɡ/, inflict /ɪnˈflɪkt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: circumstantial /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/, reconcile /ˈɹɛkənsaɪl/, unravel /ˌʌnˈɹævəl/, wrestle /ˈɹɛs(ə)l/, turmoil /ˈtɜːmɔɪl/
- s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: slot /slɑt/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como distress, esteem, observe.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.