Prática de Shadowing: The Goofiest Space Experiment In History - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Did you know that this is the biggest object humans have ever sent into space?
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It may not look like it, but this is actually a 20 kilometer long piece of wire.
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That's as tall as the Empire State Building.
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Well, 45 of them.
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But what's he doing there?
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It must be the universe's longest string telephone!
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Hello?
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Hello?
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Prepare for invasion of Earth- Oh, that's not good.
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To actually understand what it's for, we need to look at Faraday's Law of Induction.
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If I move this loop of wire through this magnetic field, a small current is produced.
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You can increase the power generated by using more wire and moving it faster.
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In fact, stick a propeller on the end and now you have yourself a wind turbine.
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This concept made the big brains at NASA go...
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You know how, like, the Earth is like, basically a giant magnet?
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Yeah, bro, totally.
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What if we use like.. a super long wire, bro?
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Huh?
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So 400 million dollars later, this is the plan they came up with.
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Earth has big magnetic field, so we send spaceship with big wire.
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But Earth magnetic field very weak, so we send even bigger wire.
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Then we move spaceships super fast to generate power.
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Then we rule the galaxy.
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The system was called the TSS-1, or Tethered Satellite System.
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1. It had a base satellite, a sub-satellite, and a 20 kilometer long conductive tether connecting them both acting as the wire.
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Now you may have noticed something wrong here.
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In our original example we used a loop of wire because electricity needs a closed loop to flow, and this tether is not a loop.
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But electricity is really just the flow of electrons, and turns out there's a layer of the Earth's atmosphere called the ionosphere, which has a bunch of free electrons just floating around.
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So using a fancy electron collector and emitter, NASA designed a system to create electron flow using the ionosphere, completing the loop.
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In 1992, TSS-1 was launched aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis.
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It successfully reached the ionosphere, and it was finally time to unfurl the 20 kilometer long tether.
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Uh, Houston, we have a problem.
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This screw isn't gonna cut it.
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Okay, swap them out then.
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Hey, we should test everything again to make sure it works, right?
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Nah, it should be good.
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It was not good.
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That beefy screw caused the tether reel to jam up but a whopping 260 meters.
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Pretty much 1% of its maximum length.
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Moral of the story, always test and retest after making any design changes.
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Quite the expensive lesson to learn, but surely they'll get it next time, right?
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Right!
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Ooh, we made it past 260 meters this time! and the tether successfully deployed to its full length of 20 kilom- Um,
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Houston, we have a pro- It was so close, but when the tether reached 19.7 kilometers,
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a small defect in the insulation near the bottom led to a large arc that melted it.
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And that's how we ended up here.
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A giant space noodle floating in the sky.
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It was sighted all over the world, like in Australia, in Hawaii, in Southern USA...
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And a few weeks later, it re-entered the atmosphere, cooking the space noodle once and for all.
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But the big question is, did the experiment work though?
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Well, NASA managed to collect some data, and the tether generated almost 3.5 kilowatts of electrical power.
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Enough to run three toasters at once!
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Okay, that doesn't seem like much, but for context, most small satellites only need one toaster amount of power.
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But despite this, the tethered satellite system missions were abandoned.
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And the results weren't publicized.
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Well, apart from being roasted by the media.
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I guess it is kind of embarrassing to have your mistake plastered in the sky for the whole world to see, but I really hope they try again.
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Because I imagine a night sky in the future where space noodles hang from every spaceship and satellite.
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Hashtag, bring back space noodles.
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Please, I haven't seen the sun in years.
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See you next time!
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 61 frases e 678 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:33. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 149 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 76% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| wire substantivo | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | arame |
| satellite substantivo | /ˈsætəlaɪ̯t/ | satélite |
| loop substantivo | /luːp/ | laço |
| generate verbo | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/ | gerar |
| magnetic adjetivo | /mæɡˈnɛtɪk/ | magnético |
| atmosphere substantivo | /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ | atmosfera |
| successfully advérbio | /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/ | com sucesso |
| electricity substantivo | /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ | eletricidade |
| meter substantivo | /ˈmitəɹ/ | contador |
| float verbo | /fləʊt/ | boiar, flutuar |
| electron substantivo | /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɑn/ | elétron, eletrão |
| lesson substantivo | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | lição |
| moral adjetivo | /ˈmoɹəl/ | moral |
| telephone substantivo | /ˈtɛləˌfoʊn/ | telefone |
| layer substantivo | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | camada |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| come up with verbo | pensar (em), alcançar |
| end up verbo | terminar, acabar |
| turn out verbo | terminar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is produced · was called · was launched |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have ever sent · haven't seen |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 6 contrações e formas reduzidas, como doesn't, gonna, haven't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, hashtag /ˈhæʃˌtæɡ/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como wire, satellite, loop.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.