Prática de Shadowing: What is Plate Tectonics: Crash Course Geology #10 - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Escolha um modo de prática
Cada modo abre uma sala de prática em tela cheia.
120 frases
Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.
1
Almost.
2
All the planets, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions happen in one place: the Ring of Fire!
3
No, really.
4
That's what it's called.
5
Dope, I know!
6
Nearly the whole Pacific Ocean is bordered by this treacherous region.
7
We're talking the sights of some of the biggest earthquakes ever recorded.
8
Massive volcanoes in Indonesia, Russia, even Antarctica.
9
Huge explosions and fractures that happened on land and underwater.
10
you But why?
11
What makes the Ring of Fire so...
12
fiery.
13
Hi, I'm Sage, and this is Crash Course Geology.
14
The Ring of Fire came about thanks to a billions of years -long process, where all the continents, all the ocean floors,
15
Everything that makes up Earth's outermost layer shifts around, pulling apart, crashing into each other, What's that, Dwayne?
16
Oh yeah, that does sound like one of your family reunions.
17
Let's break down how all that works.
18
Earth has three main layers: crust, mantle, and core.
19
Its rigid outer shell, called the lithosphere, is made up of the crust, and the uppermost part of the mantle.
20
But the lithosphere isn't just one solid piece of Earth.
21
It's broken up into plates: huge slabs of rock that are puzzle pieced together.
22
They're generally composed of both continental lithosphere, which makes up the land we can see, and oceanic lithosphere, which makes up the seafloor.
23
Continental lithosphere is made up of mostly thick, lightweight granite, while oceanic lithosphere is made of denser, heavier rocks like basalt and gabbro.
24
Roughly 95 % of Earth's surface is made up of seven major plates, with the rest covered by much smaller ones.
25
And underneath those plates is the asthenosphere, where intense heat from Earth's core warms up the mantle rock so much that they flow around and bend like taffy.
26
convection currents, or heat -based flow cycles.
27
And those currents power important forces that move Earth's plates and one big geologic slow dance called plate tectonics.
28
Plate tectonics shapes our world, literally.
29
And all the action happens where plates meet: at their edges, called plate boundaries.
30
Like, at divergent boundaries, plates move away from each other.
31
As oceanic plates diverge, the hot mantle rock wells upward and some erupts as lava, which cools and hardens into new oceanic crust.
32
This process is called seafloor spreading, and it's mainly generated by ridge push, downward and pushes away the older crust.
33
When continental plates diverge, the Earth's crust thins and breaks apart, creating features called rift valleys.
34
We can see this happening in East Africa, where the Nubian and Somalian plates started pulling apart about 25 million years ago.
35
Meanwhile, at convergent boundaries, plates move toward each other.
36
When a dense oceanic plate meets a more buoyant continental plate, a process called subduction happens.
37
The denser plate slides underneath the other one, returning that rock to the mantle.
38
This is primarily thanks to slab pole, the gravitational force that yanks plates downward.
39
And this is largely what happens in the Ring of Fire: it's full of subduction zones.
40
As the oceanic plates slide deep underground, they release water into the hot rocks above, which has an explosive result.
41
tons of volcanic activity.
42
And if two dense oceanic plates meet at a convergent boundary, subduction can create huge depressions in the surface, like the Ring of Fire's Mariana Trench,
43
which contains the deepest point in the world.
44
It's on Dwayne's bucket list.
45
Now, when two continental plates converge, watch out!
46
Because instead of subducting, they'll smash into each other, forming massive mountain ranges like the Alps and the Himalayas.
47
When continental plates converge with oceanic ones, the continental plate usually wins, staying on the surface as the denser stuff is forced down.
48
But it's not always a competition.
49
Sometimes, plates move past each other, at spots called transform boundaries.
50
You can think of these plates like pieces of sandpaper.
51
They don't easily slide past each other.
52
Eventually that stress reaches a point where the ground moves with a jolt, aka an earthquake.
53
The San Andreas Fault in California is a transform boundary that has had many earthquakes, like the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989, which folks in my neck of the woods still talk about.
54
But that kind of ground rattling can happen at all types of plate boundaries when there's enough stress.
55
Plate movements have shaped what the Earth's surface looks like throughout our planet's history.
56
In fact, at multiple times in Earth's past, the shifting tectonic plates have caused all the continents to collide and form one giant supercontinent,
57
the most recent hundred million years ago.
58
It's like seeing Earth in her awkward phase.
59
So yeah, plate tectonics has been happening for a long time,
60
keeping the Earth's surface in constant motion for something like three billion years.
61
The continents move an average of about 1 .5 centimeters a year.
62
That means that, in all of recorded human history, the ground below you has shifted probably about...
63
76 meters.
64
That's only about as wide as a professional soccer field.
65
That creeping movement is way too slow to feel.
66
So, How do we know it's actually happening?
67
Way back in the 1910s, German geologist Alfred Wegener looked at a map of the world and noticed that the continents looked like they fit together, almost like puzzle pieces.
68
And he built a theory to explain what he was seeing: continental drift.
69
He believed that the continents were moving slowly around the Earth, together and apart, drifting through the crust like icebergs in the ocean.
70
He's even credited with coming up with the name Pangaea, meaning "all of the Earth." But the geological community dunked on Wegener pretty hard.
71
that the continents formed and moved vertically, not horizontally, driven by the heating and cooling of Earth's surface way back when it formed.
72
But Wechner was on to something.
73
And his idea laid a foundation that other geologists built on.
74
Let's hang out with some of my geology rock stars!
75
For a long time, we had no clue what the seafloor looked like.
76
Most geologists thought it was just flat.
77
In the 1950s and '60s, American geologist Marie Tharp and her collaborator Bruce Heazen used sonar to map it.
78
Given the culture at the time, Bruce got to gather data aboard research ships, while Marie was forced to stay on land and make maps.
79
'cause she was a lady.
80
With pens, ink, and rulers as her tools, she and her colleague, Hester Herring, methodically plotted each data point.
81
And what the team discovered was incredible.
82
Not a flat, barren wasteland, but a 40 ,000 -mile underwater mountain range that circled the globe like a seam on a baseball.
83
This was a major point in favor of plate tectonics theory.
84
Over the course of several years, Tharp and Hiesen worked with Austrian artist Heinrich Barron to paint an accurate map of the entire seafloor.
85
And in 1977, The World Ocean Floor Panorama was published.
86
Twenty years later, Tharp was named one of the four greatest cartographers of the 20th century by the Library of Congress.
87
In 1999, Tharp said that at the start, "I had a blank canvas to fill with extraordinary possibilities.
88
And she did just that.
89
It took decades and many lines of evidence for the theory of plate tectonics to develop and gain consensus.
90
But the combined efforts of geologists across the world brought us to the conclusion that really does move underneath our feet.
91
And that consensus didn't look like a bunch of geologists saying, "Eh, Sounds about right.
92
Science historian Naomi Oreskes called it:
93
"The first theory to ever be accepted in the entire history of Earth science." Can you imagine that level of harmony?
94
It'd be like if every film critic agreed on the best movie ever made.
95
Dwayne's favorite?
96
Shrek 2.
97
Today, we know that plate tectonics shape the planet we know and love.
98
It's why Europe is warm enough for people to live there, while Antarctica is uninhabitable.
99
Unless you count the penguins.
100
Regardless, Knowing about plate tectonics helps us prepare our communities for disasters like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis.
101
And it gives us a window into Earth's past.
102
Earth's plates are still moving.
103
Right now!
104
And we're still learning more about them.
105
Like, We don't know exactly what our planet will look like in the distant future.
106
Some predict that 250 million years from now, Earth may be home to another supercontinent, similar to good ol' Pangaea.
107
And we don't know how long plate tectonics will last.
108
One day, when the Earth gets old enough to cool way down inside, plate tectonics will come to a stop.
109
reshaping the world in a big way one last time.
110
That could look like mountains eroding into plateaus, Earth's magnetic field stripping away, and continents sinking into the ocean.
111
But that's potentially billions of years away.
112
Plate tectonics isn't going anywhere anytime soon, and neither is our massive, magnificent planet.
113
Our planet moves us.
114
And not just in the tear -jerking "Wow, Earth really is something" kind of way.
115
The land beneath us is constantly shifting, creating something new every day, albeit very slowly.
116
Go at your own pace, girl.
117
As long as the sea floor keeps spreading and gravity keeps pulling, Earth's plates will be carrying us around, shaping and reshaping the world as we know it.
118
Next time?
119
We'll talk about how plate tectonics builds mountains.
120
See you then!
Baixar aplicativo
Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
Jogo de vocabulárioAprenda brincando
📺 Mesmo canal
C11
Vectors and 2D Motion: Crash Course Physics #4
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
The Bicameral Congress: Crash Course Government and Politics #2
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
Crash Course US History Preview
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C1What's all the Yellen About? Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve: Crash Course Economics #10
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
How Water Shapes the Land: Crash Course Geology #9
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
How Often do Asteroids Hit the Earth?: Crash Course Geology #20
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B210
Crash Course Sex Ed Preview
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Derivatives: Crash Course Physics #2
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Indus Valley Civilization: Crash Course World History #2
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
Ancient Egypt: Crash Course World History #4
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C12
What is Engineering?: Crash Course Engineering #1
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
The Persians & Greeks: Crash Course World History #5
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C13
The Secret to Business Writing: Crash Course Business - Soft Skills #3
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Supervised Learning: Crash Course AI #2
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1Why Are US Politics Today So Divisive?: Crash Course US Government #1
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
The Periodic Table: Crash Course Chemistry #4
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
B22
Where Do Diamonds Come From?: Crash Course Geology #8
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C11
Tissues, Part 1: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #2
Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Where Did Democracy Come From, and Does It Still Work?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
The Nucleus: Crash Course Chemistry #1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
✨ Vídeo recomendado
C13
100 frases
The Biggest Eruptions That Changed Earth Forever
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
74 frases
The Science Behind The Odyssey's Greatest Challenge
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C19
113 frases
What Happens if the Moon Crashes into Earth?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
108 frases
Earth's Four Spheres - Geosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Biosphere
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
139 frases
Believers, is this a prophecy unfolding?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C191
38 frases
Crash Course Scientific Thinking Preview
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
64 frases
What Exactly Is Coral?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B221
7 frases
How To Keep a Skyscraper From Falling Over
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
270 frases
The Most Misunderstood Concept in Physics
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
220 frases
Venezuela's "Islands In The Sky", Explained.
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
41 frases
The Building Blocks of Everything: Matter & its Properties
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Contexto & Antecedentes
Neste vídeo do Crash Course Geologia, o palestrante Sage aborda o fascinante tema da tectônica de placas, explicando como a dinâmica das placas tectônicas forma a estrutura da Terra. Ele menciona a "Cintura de Fogo" como uma área de intensa atividade geológica, onde ocorrem terremotos e erupções vulcânicas devido ao movimento dessas placas. Esta conversa não só nos dá uma visão do planeta, mas também é uma excelente oportunidade para aprender inglês, especialmente ao usar técnicas de shadow speech.
Top 5 Frases para Comunicação Diária
- “Quase todos os planetas, terremotos e erupções vulcânicas acontecem em um só lugar: a Cintura de Fogo!” - Uma frase icônica que pode ser útil ao discutir geografia.
- “A litosfera é composta por placas: enormes pedaços de rocha que se encaixam como um quebra-cabeça.” - Uma maneira interessante de descrever conceitos complexos.
- “O núcleo da Terra aquece as rochas do manto, fazendo com que elas fluam e se dobrem.” - Uma frase que demonstra a importância da temperatura no movimento das placas.
- “Quando as placas continentais se convergem, elas formam montanhas gigantescas como os Himalaias.” - Excelente ao falar sobre formações geográficas.
- “As placas se movem uma em relação à outra, formando limites transformantes.” - Uma construção que pode ser usada em discussões sobre sustentabilidade e mudanças climáticas.
Guia Passo a Passo para Prática de Shadowing
Para aproveitar ao máximo o vídeo e melhorar a sua pronúncia em inglês por meio do shadowing, siga este guia:
- Assista ao vídeo completo: Tente assistir a primeira vez sem legendas para ter uma noção do conteúdo.
- Ouça e pause: Ouça uma frase e pause o vídeo. Tente repetir a mesma frase em voz alta, imitando a entonação e o ritmo do palestrante.
- Use legendas: Na próxima vez, ative as legendas em inglês. Isso o ajudará a visualizar as palavras enquanto as ouve.
- Repita diversas vezes: Faça isso várias vezes com diferentes partes do vídeo. Não se preocupe se não sair perfeito de primeira — a prática leva à perfeição!
- Anote os desafios: Se houver palavras ou frases que você considera difíceis, anote-as e pratique separadamente.
Essa abordagem, conhecida como shadowspeaks, pode ser uma forma eficaz de aprender inglês com YouTube, ajudando você não apenas a expandir seu vocabulário, mas também a melhorar a pronúncia em inglês através do shadow speech. Ao dominar essas frases e práticas, você estará um passo mais próximo de se sentir confiante ao se comunicar em inglês!
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is bordered · is made · is called |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has had · have shaped · have caused |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | lithosphere, which makes · above, which has |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.