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Part 4
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You will hear part of a presentation by an urban planning student about the role of rivers in cities around the world.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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It's quite hard to think of a city that doesn't have a big river running through it.
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If you think about the major cities in the world,
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Shanghai, New York, Mumbai, London,
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they're nearly all built on rivers.
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When these cities were established hundreds or even thousands of years ago,
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the rivers were a big part of people's lives.
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In 16th century London, the quickest way to get from one part of the city to another was by river.
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But people also used the river for fishing,
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as the water then was relatively clean,
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and they would also go on boat trips up and down the river just for pleasure,
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as a relaxing escape from the noise and bustle of the city streets.
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But as industries developed and populations increased, city rivers suffered.
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The rising number of people meant there was a huge increase in the amount of sewage discharged into the rivers.
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Rivers had always been used for this purpose,
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but when the number of inhabitants was so small,
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that wasn't such a problem.
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However, as cities grew to over a million inhabitants,
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the impact on the rivers became more serious.
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In addition, other types of pollution increased as factories were built beside the river and discharged their waste materials into the water.
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This got worse over time.
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As recently as 1957, scientists at London's Natural History Museum declared that the River Thames was dead in biological terms,
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as the water was too filthy to support any kind of life.
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But in recent years, as rivers lost their industrial function,
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cities have begun to recognize their true value and to take steps to clean them up.
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For example, the River Thames is now cleaner than it's been for 150 years.
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These days, you can see seals swimming in the water,
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and recently people had to try to rescue a whale,
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which had got lost and swum up the river from the sea by mistake.
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Unfortunately, they didn't succeed, but the problem was disorientation rather than the quality of the water.
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Then, all around the world,
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riverside areas are now seen as prime sites for development.
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Warehouses that were once used for storing goods are now being converted into expensive restaurants and also into apartments with river views,
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which are in great demand and sell for astronomical prices.
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In Los Angeles, on the west coast of the USA,
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an architect has plans to revitalise the banks of the river
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and to make a park there which can provide facilities for sports as well as a natural environment for relaxing in.
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It's also hoped that the riverside can be used for other purposes.
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It's been proposed that facilities could be provided for displaying projects related to various kinds of art
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that have been produced by local people, for example.
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In the city of Paris,
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during the summer months of July and August,
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all the traffic is banned from the roads by the sides of the river
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and the banks are transformed into beaches where people can relax in deck chairs under potted palm trees,
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sunbathe or buy a drink or a snack while enjoying the view.
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But to make the most of our rivers in our increasingly crowded cities,
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we need to allow them to regain their original purpose and be used as a means of transport,
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reclaiming our streets from cars and lorries.
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To do this, we'll have to shift more traffic back to the river,
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but this time cleanly and silently,
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making the most of modern technology.
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Already, more than two billion passengers use the ferry to travel in cities around the world,
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like Istanbul, San Francisco, and New York,
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and these numbers are set to rise further.
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Admittedly, it's not a fast way of travelling,
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but neither is a car when it's stuck in traffic.
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Of course, passenger traffic on roads might decrease as more people start working from home,
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but another recent development, the huge rise in online shopping,
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has meant that another form of urban traffic just keeps on growing, and that's deliveries.
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Trucks and vans in the city pollute and double park while dropping off parcels.
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Imagine using the immense capacity of shipping to take these trucks off the road.
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One freight barge can replace 44 large trucks,
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uses far less energy, and causes less pollution.
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When the barge docks at the riverside,
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the parcels could be taken the last few kilometres to their final destination on cargo bikes,
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electric ones of course.
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This is already happening in the Dutch city of Amsterdam,
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and in future, the final stage could even be carried out by drone,
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although at present this isn't allowed.
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Wouldn't it be great to unblock our city centres in this way?
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Looking further ahead...
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet.
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Thank you.
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Почему стоит практиковать разговор на основе этого видео?

Практика разговорной речи с помощью видео - это отличный способ улучшить свои навыки английского языка. В данном видео поднимаются важные темы, такие как значение рек в жизни городов. Слушая презентацию студента по урбанистике, вы можете глубже понять, как речная экосистема влияет на современное общество. Этот контекст может вдохновить вас на обсуждение экологии и городского планирования на английском языке. Кроме того, вы получите возможность слышать реалистичное произношение и интонацию, что значительно улучшит ваше понимание и навыки говорения. Используйте метод shadowspeak, чтобы имитировать диктора и повысить свои разговорные навыки. Такой подход поможет вам учить английский с YouTube более эффективно.

Грамматика и выражения в контексте

  • “When these cities were established” - использование времени Past Simple для описания исторических событий.
  • “Rivers had always been used” - пример Past Perfect для указания на действие, которое произошло до другого действия в прошлом.
  • “As recently as 1957” - выражение времени для подчеркивания, что это событие произошло не так давно, в контексте долгого исторического процесса.
  • “It’s been proposed that facilities could be provided” - конструкция пассивного залога, показывающая, что действие выполняется кем-то, но не уточняется, кто именно.

Используя эти структуры в своих разговорах, вы сможете более естественно выражать свои мысли на английском.

Распространенные ловушки произношения

При прослушивании презентации уделяйте внимание трудным словам и акцентам. Например, слово “Thames” может показаться сложным для произношения, поскольку в английском языке часто имеются исключения, связанные со звучанием. Также, обращайте внимание на слова с “pollution” и “industrial”, так как их произношение может варьироваться в зависимости от акцента. Слушая и подражая диктору, вы сможете эффективно преодолеть эти трудности. Используйте техники shadowing английский для улучшения вашего произношения и уверенности при говорении.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

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