Практика Shadowing: Network Devices - Hosts, IP Addresses, Networks - Networking Fundamentals - Lesson 1a - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Выберите режим практики

Каждый режим открывает полноэкранную комнату практики.

145 предложений

Если предложения слишком короткие или длинные, нажмите Edit, чтобы их изменить.

Hello, welcome to the first lesson in the first module of my new course on networking fundamentals.

In this module, we'll be exploring how data flows through the Internet.

Crucial to that is understanding the various devices which are involved to make that possible.

In this lesson, we'll be exploring these various devices and the related concepts.

We'll be doing this in two parts.

In this video, we'll unpack hosts, IP addresses, and networks, And in the next video, we'll explore these devices.

And let's just jump right into it by defining our first term.

Host.

Hosts are any device which sends or receive traffic.

For example, your computer is a host, your laptop, your phone, your printer, your servers, those are all considered hosts.

But we're also in the cloud days, which means there's many cloud resources that can also be considered as host.

Cloud servers for example.

Moreover, we're also in the Internet of Things days, which means anything you have at your house that sends

or receive traffic is also considered a host that smart TV you stream to, those speakers that are all synchronized with each other, smart watches, your thermometer that you can control remotely,

that refrigerator that reminds you when you're out of milk, All those devices are sending and receiving traffic and therefore can be considered as hosts.

Why this is important is because all these devices follow the same rules for how they communicate to the Internet.

Later in this module, we'll be looking at everything a host does when sending or receiving data from the Internet.

In doing so, we'll actually be explaining how all these devices communicate with the Internet.

Hosts typically fall in one of two categories: clients or servers.

Clients are the hosts that are initiating the request and servers are the hosts that are responding to requests.

For example, let's just say this is the web server for the website www .Site .com.

Well, when this computer over here is making a request to ask for the website site .com, it's initiating a request and therefore it is considered the client.

When the web server site .com is providing the content for site .com, it's responding to the request therefore it is considered the server.

Keep in mind, however, the terms client and server are relative to a specific communication.

Meaning.

At some point, this web server is going to have to update its files from a file server or a database server.

Well, for that, the web server has to make a request to the file server to ask for new files.

In that communication, the web server is the client and the file server is the server.

we can take it a step further.

This file server at some point might need to run some sort of software update.

Well, when it's making the request to the update server to download the new software, it's acting as the client.

And when the update server is providing the updates back to the file server, it's acting as the server.

So the terms client -server are specific to the communication that is occurring.

Now we've been calling this a web server, but I want to clearly define what that is.

A server is nothing more than a computer with software installed which knows how to respond to specific requests.

This guy right here is really just a computer that has software installed that knows how to serve web pages.

You can turn any device into a web server by simply installing the proper web server software.

It's the same way with the file server and the update server we discussed a second ago.

In the end, they are merely computers with software that knows how to provide files or provide updates.

Each server you encounter is simply a computer responding to requests.

That wraps up our discussion on hosts.

Next, we want to define IP addresses.

IP addresses are the identity of each host, and every single host must have an IP address if it means to communicate on the Internet.

Just like you need a phone number in order to send or receive phone calls, or you need a mailing address in order to send and receive mail,

You need an IP address in order to send or receive packets on a network.

This is what the IP address is.

It is the identity of every single host.

Now, these IP addresses are actually going to be stamped on everything that each host sends.

For example, when this client over here makes a web request to site .com, On this packet, which includes what web page it is asking for,

the client is going to stamp the source and destination IP addresses.

The source IP address is going to be the client's IP address

and the destination IP address is going to be the server's IP address.

In the same way, when the server responds by providing the web page, it's also going to stamp the source and destination IP addresses for that communication.

Here, the source IP address will be the server, and then the destination IP address will be the client.

Everything sent on the Internet is going to have this source and destination IP address.

Now, an IP address itself is really just 32 bits.

A bit is a 1 or a 0

which means every single IP address is really just a different combination of 32 ones and zeros.

What we do is we take those 32 bits and break them up into four chunks, which we call octets.

and we convert each of those octets into a decimal number.

This is how we get to what we know of as an IP address.

The smallest binary number you can get with 8 bits is 0, and the largest binary number you can get with 8 bits is 255.

That's why every IP address you come across is going to be 4 .0 instances of the numbers 0 through 255.

Now in this module we're not going to be exploring binary.

We've already created some videos that discuss binary.

If you're interested in learning about binary and how this conversion happens, please check out those videos.

There'll be a link in the description.

Either way, that is what an IP address is.

Thank you.

Now these IP addresses are typically assigned in some sort of hierarchy, so let me explain that.

Imagine this is the Acme Corporation and the Acme Corporation owns every IP address that starts with 10 .anything.

Well, maybe the Acme Corporation has three different offices one in New York, one in London, and one in Tokyo.

and each of those officers is going to have a subset of the ACME Corporation IP space.

New York might have everything that starts with 10 .20.

London might have everything that starts with 10, not 30.

and Tokyo might have everything that starts with 10 .40.

Moreover, the New York office might have a few different teams.

For instance, they might have a sales team, an engineering team, and a marketing team.

and each of those teams would have their own dedicated IP address space.

Sales team could have everything that starts with 10, 20, 55.

The engineering team would have everything that starts with 1020 .66, and marketing would have 1020 .77.

The London and Tokyo offices probably have those same teams as well.

But each of their IP address space is going to start with the prefix for that particular location.

This allows the IP address to sort of pinpoint where a particular host exists.

For example, if we had the IP address 10 .30 .55 .127,

That ipodorus is the identity of a host that sits in the ACME corporation in the London office, on the sales team.

Now this breaking up of IP addresses into their different hierarchies is done through a process known as subnetting.

In this module we're not going to be covering subdenning, but we've already created some videos discussing how subdenning works, If you're interested in learning sub -deading, please check out those videos.

There will be a link in the description.

For us, we're going to continue with our exploration of network devices.

All of the hosts

that sit inside each of these teams at each of these offices exist in what is known as a network.

A network is what actually does the transportation of traffic between hosts.

In its simplest form, anytime you connect two hosts, you have a network.

If you plug these hosts directly into each other, you have a network.

Before networks, in order to move data from this computer to this computer, you would literally have to walk up to this computer Plug in a disk.

Download some files, then walk over to the other computer, plug in that same disk, and upload those files.

Networking and networks are what automated that process.

They allowed these computers to share data with each other automatically.

100

Now if you take a step back, a network is really just a logical grouping of hosts which require similar connectivity.

101

So let me explain that.

102

At your house, you probably have some sort of home Wi -Fi network.

103

on that network you've got your computer your printer laptops phones a bunch of different devices which all have similar connectivity profiles,

104

meaning they just use the internet or check email or something along those lines.

105

Well, down the street from you there might be a coffee shop that provides Wi -Fi for its tenants.

106

and that coffee shop is going to have various customers that have various mobile devices that are all connecting to the Internet.

107

Well these devices all have similar connectivity profiles, they just need access to the Internet.

108

But since they're coming from a different location as these devices, they are grouped into two separate networks.

109

Now networks can also contain other networks.

110

For example, you probably have a school not too far from where you live.

111

and that school has its own network.

112

Thank you.

113

But within that school are a bunch of classrooms, and it's very possible that inside each of those classrooms

114

All the hosts in each classroom are grouped up into their own network.

115

Now these networks within other networks are sometimes referred to as subnetworks or subnets.

116

and this is a very common occurrence on the Internet.

117

In fact, that illustration we just did with the ACME Corporation with the three offices

118

and the three different teams in each of these offices

119

while the office location is a subnet of the Acme Corporation IP space.

120

and the specific teams are a subnet of the New York IP space.

121

So you can have networks within networks within networks.

122

Either way, all these networks then connect to each other.

123

For example, you might be sitting at your house

124

and might want to do some sort of working from home and be able to access the office networks.

125

Or possibly you're studying from a coffee shop and you might want to access school resources.

126

Well, instead of having each of these networks connect directly to each other in every possible combination, Instead, all those networks are connected to a central resource.

127

namely the internet.

128

In fact, what we know of as the Internet is simply a bunch of interconnected networks.

129

That's all the Internet is.

130

It's just a bunch of company networks connected to a bunch of school networks connected to a bunch of customer networks.

131

Of course, what handles those connections are often the Internet Service Providers or the ISPs, but that goes a little bit deeper than we want to get at this point.

132

Either way, that wraps up our discussion on hosts, IP addresses, and networks.

133

In part two, we'll continue our discussion by unpacking repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, and routers.

134

The key takeaway from this lesson is understanding what hosts are, understanding the designations client and server, understanding what IP addresses are and their hierarchical nature,

135

and understanding what a network is, specifically that it is a logical grouping of related hosts which require similar connectivity.

136

I hope you enjoyed this lesson.

137

I want to thank you for watching and we'll see you in the next one.

138

Hey YouTube, I hope you enjoyed that free lesson from my new course on networking fundamentals.

139

I'll be releasing the entire first module for free on YouTube.

140

I want this course to be the ultimate networking fundamentals course.

141

And since I'm still scoping out the outline for the rest of the course, you can have a say in what topics will be covered.

142

Let me know in the comments below what subjects you want included in this course.

143

Otherwise, remember to like and subscribe and click the notification bell so you know when the next lesson releases.

144

And of course, if you enjoyed this lesson, the best way to say thanks is to share this video with your friends.

145

I hope you enjoyed this lesson, and I want to thank you for watching.

Скачать приложение

Всё для свободной речи

ИИ-оценка произношенияОценка каждой фразы

Практика IPAОсвойте каждый звук

СловарьСоберите свой словарный запас

Игра со словамиУчитесь играя

Сканировать QR

Download on theApp Store Get it onGoogle Play

FOR YOU

Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики уровня C1 построен на видео «Network Devices - Hosts, IP Addresses, Networks - Networking Fundamentals - Lesson 1a». Чаще всего повторяются слова: server, network, host, address, internet. В этом видео 145 предложений и 2156 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 11:29. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 188 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. Только 81% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
module существительное	/ˈmɑd͡ʒul/	мо́дуль
binary прилагательное	/ˈbaɪ.nə.ɹi/	двои́чный, бина́рный
subnet существительное		подсеть
connectivity существительное		свя́зность
octet существительное	/ɒkˈtɛt/	восьмёрка, окте́т
unpack глагол	/ʌnˈpæk/	распако́вывать, распакова́ть
initiate глагол	/ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt/	инициировать
packet существительное	/ˈpæk.ɪt/	паке́т, па́чка
hierarchy существительное	/ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/	иера́рхия
printer существительное	/ˈpɹɪntɚ/	печа́тник, типо́граф
disk существительное	/dɪsk/	диск
automate глагол	/ˈɔ.təˌmeɪt/	автоматизи́ровать
decimal существительное	/ˈdɛs.ɪ.məl/	десяти́чная систе́ма
hierarchical прилагательное	/ˌhaɪəˈɹɑːkɪkəl/	иерархи́ческий
interconnect глагол	/ˌɪn.tə.kəˈnɛkt/	свя́зывать, связа́ть

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Слово	Значение
check out глагол	проверя́ть, прове́рить
wrap up глагол	завора́чивать, заверну́ть

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	are involved · be considered · is also considered
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете	devices which are · days, which means
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	We've already created

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 26 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например we'll, we're, you're. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «sh» и «zh»: initiate /ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt/, designation /dɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, illustration /ˌɪləsˈtɹeɪ̯ʃən/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: initiate /ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt/, hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, hierarchical /ˌhaɪəˈɹɑːkɪkəl/, interconnect /ˌɪn.tə.kəˈnɛkt/, thermometer /θɚˈmɑ.mɪ.tɚ/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, hierarchical /ˌhaɪəˈɹɑːkɪkəl/, hub /hʌb/
Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: synchronize /ˈsɪŋ.kɹə.naɪːz/, upload /ˈʌpˌloʊd/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, hub /hʌb/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как module, binary, subnet.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

Практика Shadowing: Network Devices - Hosts, IP Addresses, Networks - Networking Fundamentals - Lesson 1a - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Выберите режим практики

Скачать приложение

Рекомендуемое видео

Introduction to Networking | Network Fundamentals Part 1 (Revised)

Cloud Models - CompTIA Network+ N10-009 - 1.3

DNS Explained in 100 Seconds

An Introduction to Basic Zabbix Concepts. Part One - Hosts, Items, and Triggers

Learn English From The News - Google, Elon Musk's SpaceX Discuss Launching Data Centers Into Orbit

What is an Organization? - the Nature of Organizations

FREE CCNA 200-301 course // Complete Practical CCNA (v1.1 2025 Course) with real equipment

Bookkeeping and Accounting Course for Beginners | From Basics to Trial Balance

Early Computing: Crash Course Computer Science #1

Proxy vs Reverse Proxy Server Explained

What Is Cybersecurity?

Why Do You Need BOTH a MAC and IP Address?