Практика Shadowing: The use of soil to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4 - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Создание урока...
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You will hear part of a lecture about a way of reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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As we saw in the last lecture, a major cause of climate change is the rapid rise in
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the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the last century.
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If we could reduce the amount of CO2, perhaps the rate of climate change could also be slowed down.
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One potential method involves enhancing the role of the soil that plants grow in, with regard to absorbing CO2.
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Ratan Lau, a soil scientist from Ohio State University in the USA,
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claims that the world's agricultural soils could potentially absorb 13% of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,
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the equivalent of the amount released in the last 30 years, and research is going on into how this might be achieved.
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Lal first came to the idea that soil might be valuable in this way, not through an interest in climate change,
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but rather out of concern for the land itself and the people dependent on it.
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Carbon-rich soil is dark, crumbly and fertile and retains some water, but erosion can occur if soil is dry,
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which is a likely effect if it contains inadequate amounts of carbon.
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erosion is of course bad for people trying to grow crops
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or breed animals on that terrain in the 1970s
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and 80s lao was studying soils in africa so devoid of organic matter
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that the ground had become extremely hard like cement there he met a pioneer in the study of global warming
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who suggested that carbon from the soil had moved into the atmosphere.
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This is now looking increasingly likely.
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Let me explain.
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For millions of years, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have been regulated,
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in part, by a natural partnership between plants and microbes, tiny organisms in the soil.
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Plants absorb CO2 from the air and transform it into sugars and other carbon-based substances.
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While a proportion of these carbon products remain in the plant, some transfer from the roots to fungi and soil microbes,
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which store the carbon in the soil.
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The invention of agriculture some 10,000 years ago disrupted these ancient soil-building processes
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and led to the loss of carbon from the soil.
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When humans started draining the natural topsoil and ploughing it up for planting, they exposed the buried carbon to oxygen.
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This created carbon dioxide and released it into the air.
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And in some places, grazing by domesticated animals has removed all vegetation, releasing carbon into the air.
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Tons of carbon have been stripped from the world's soils where it's needed and pumped into the atmosphere.
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So, what can be done?
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Researchers are now coming up with evidence
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that even modest changes to farming can significantly help to reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere.
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Some growers have already started using an approach known as regenerative agriculture.
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This aims to boost the fertility of soil and keep it moist through established practices.
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These include keeping fields planted all year round and increasing the variety of plants being grown.
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strategies like these can significantly increase the amount of carbon stored in the soil
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so agricultural researchers are now building a case for their use in combating climate change
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one american investigation into the potential for storing co2 on agricultural lands is taking place in California.
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Soil scientist Wendy Silver of the University of California,
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Berkeley, is conducting a first of its kind study on a large cattle farm in the state.
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She and her students are testing the effects on carbon storage of the compost that is created from waste,
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both agricultural, including manure and corn stalks, and waste produced in gardens, such as leaves, branches and lawn trimmings.
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In Australia, soil ecologist Christine Jones is testing another promising soil enrichment strategy.
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Jones and 12 farmers are working to build up soil carbon by cultivating grasses that stay green all year round.
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Like composting, the approach has already been proved experimentally.
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Jones now hopes to show that it can be applied on working farms
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and that the resulting carbon capture can be accurately measured.
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It's hoped in the future that projects such as these will demonstrate the role
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that farmers and other land managers can play in reducing the harmful effects of greenhouse gases.
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For example, in countries like the United States, where most farming operations use large applications of fertiliser,
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changing such long-standing habits will require a change of system.
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Rattan Lal argues that farmers should receive payment, not just for the corn or beef they produce,
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but also for the carbon they can store in their soil.
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Another study being carried out...
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That is the end of section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.

Контекст и предыстория

В данном фрагменте лекции речь идет о значении почвы в процессе уменьшения уровня углекислого газа (CO2) в атмосфере. Лектор, Ратан Лау, научный сотрудник из Университета штата Огайо, обсуждает последствия изменения климата, подчеркивая, что почвы могут потенциально поглотить до 13% углекислого газа. Он предлагает, что применение устойчивого сельского хозяйства может помочь восстановить уровень углерода в почве и, таким образом, снизить количество CO2 в атмосфере. Эти идеи основаны на исследованиях, проводимых с 1970-х годов и до сих пор, и подчеркивают важность возвращения углерода в почву для устойчивого развития сельского хозяйства и экосистемы в целом.

Топ-5 фраз для повседневного общения

  • «Основная причина изменения климата» - This phrase emphasizes the underlying cause of climate change.
  • «Потенциальный метод» - Useful when discussing possible solutions or methods in any context.
  • «Сохранение углерода в почве» - Important for conversations about agriculture and the environment.
  • «Устойчивое сельское хозяйство» - A key term in discussions about modern agricultural practices.
  • «Увеличение разнообразия растений» - Relevant in talks about biodiversity and farming techniques.

Пошаговое руководство по шадов-спике

Чтобы эффективно освоить информацию из этого видео и улучшить свои навыки разговорного английского, следуйте этим шагам:

  1. Прослушивание лекции: Внимательно послушайте лекцию несколько раз, записывая ключевые моменты.
  2. Теневое повторение: Используйте метод shadow speech или shadow speak. Говорите параллельно с лектором, стараясь копировать интонацию и произношение.
  3. Практика фраз: Повторяйте топ-5 фраз из лекции, используя их в различных предложениях и контекстах.
  4. Пересказ: Попробуйте пересказать лекцию своими словами, описывая основные идеи и предложения лектора.
  5. Обсуждение с другими: Найдите партнера для разговора и обсудите услышанное. Воспользуйтесь платформами, которые предлагают методы shadowing на английском для общения с носителями языка.

Применяя данные методы, вы не только улучшите своё произношение, но и сможете глубже понять тематику лекции. Это сделает ваш процесс обучения более эффективным, а навыки разговора — более уверенными.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.