Практика Shadowing: What on earth is a Buck Board Bench? - Изучайте разговорный английский с YouTube
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Hey, this is Furniture Forensics.
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Hey, this is Furniture Forensics.
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It's the series where we take old pieces of furniture
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and find out where they came from and who made them and we're ready to go except we don't have a piece.
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But don't worry, I know where to find one.
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This will just take a second second.
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This is perfect.
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And yeah, of course I have permission to borrow this.
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You know, my wife asked me that this morning.
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What do you people think of me?
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This is a buckboard bench.
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I found it on my neighbor's front porch.
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She was out having a glass of wine one night when I stopped by.
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She saw me admiring it and she said,
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oh, yeah, they would take the seats off of old horse-drawn wagons,
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add legs, and make them into household furniture.
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And right away, I was skeptical.
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I mean, I know a thing or two about old furniture.
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If people were making benches out of wagon parts,
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I would have heard about that.
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Or there's lots of things I don't know about, and I'm just wrong.
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Turns out there's hundreds of these all across the Midwest.
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Most of them are reproductions.
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They're new pieces of furniture made to look like they were created from wagon parts.
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But 70 or 80 years ago,
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this was a real trend in furniture making.
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People really did take parts from old wagons,
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mostly the benches, and turn them into real household furniture.
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Is that what we have here?
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Do we have one of the real, legit, old buckboard benches?
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Maybe.
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The seat of this bench looks worn and old.
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And yeah, you can fake that,
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but it's difficult to fake the splits,
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chips, gouges, scratches, and the general feeling of smoothness this has on all the surfaces that would have been used.
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That's the sort of thing you only get after decades of use.
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And this seat was definitely made by hand.
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There's no machine planer marks,
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no sanding scratches, but there are lots of spots where there's light tear-out.
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Just what you would expect if the whole thing was quickly planed up with a jack plane right before it was assembled.
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Then where these two boards come together there's obvious planing marks over here.
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This board must have stuck out a little bit
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so it was quickly planed flush with a jack plane after it was put together.
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Finally there's this broad flat chamfer all the way around the outside of the seat board.
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It looks nice and it would have helped any rain to drip off the edge of the seat.
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Now it's very well executed,
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very flat, but the top line of that chamfer has just a little bit of waviness that you would expect from handwork.
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This thing was definitely made with hand tools.
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The whole bench is made of sycamore,
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which you see a lot in Northern Ohio country furniture,
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and all the joinery is done with hardware.
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That's great news because hardware is easy to date.
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All the joints are done with screws,
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so this corner joint is made by screwing through the backboard into the sideboard.
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All the side boards are screwed down into the seat and the corners are reinforced with these corner brackets.
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If we look at these brackets it's obvious that they're not as crisp
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and nice as something you'd buy today but they're definitely not hand forged.
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This is early factory made hardware.
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Now a lot of the screws especially on these brackets are modern replacements
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but it's easy to tell which screws are the old original ones.
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One of those original screws was loose and I very carefully backed it out to take a closer look.
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And this is a Gimlet Point screw.
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This is the first generation of mass-produced affordable screws.
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Before this, screws were actually made one at a time,
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hand-filed by the blacksmith, and they were so rare and expensive,
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they were only used to hold hardware on fancy pieces of furniture for rich people.
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The gimlet screw was a huge leap forward because it made screws much more plentiful and much cheaper.
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The gimlet screw was invented in 1845,
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but you've got to give it a couple decades to spread across the country and get inexpensive.
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Nobody would have used new expensive hardware on a cheap country wagon.
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So looking at all the hardware and the timbers here,
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I think we can say that this bench was made somewhere between 1860 and 1890.
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Which is pretty exciting, because that means the seat for this bench is real,
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it's old, and it's local.
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The seat of this bench is cool all by itself,
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but somebody took that wagon seat and converted it into a real piece of household furniture.
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How did they do that?
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Did they do a good job?
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And personally, I also want to know when it happened,
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and maybe most importantly, who did the conversion?
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Now, I've got answers to all of these questions.
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Some of the answers are going to surprise you.
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Overall, the maker did a great job with this conversion.
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He started by screwing big battens to the underside of the seat.
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Screws are smart here because that allows for wood movement.
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Then, he sent the leg tenons all the way through the batten and the seat.
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This is called staked construction.
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And sending those tenons through the batten and the seat means they're going through a big,
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thick chunk of wood.
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that's going to be stable.
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The ends of the tenons are trimmed nice and level with the seat,
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and they're wedged with thick pieces of hardwood.
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These are all techniques that I used last year when I made my three Moravian stools.
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These are traditional, dependable techniques for taking a board and turning it into a piece of seating.
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But what kind of woodworker was this?
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What sorts of tools did he use?
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Well, mostly machine tools.
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There's a great angled bevel on the end of each of these battens,
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and it's got the super precise look that you really only get with a table saw.
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It's the same thing with the tenons on the ends of these legs.
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They are ultra perfect, so it looks like they were done with a lathe.
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And on top of that,
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there's clear marks left from lathe dead centers on the ends of the legs.
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These were definitely done on a pretty early electric lathe.
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And on top of that,
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there's planer marks on these battens,
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so they were run through a planer or an early jointer.
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It's tough to say, but they definitely weren't hand planed.
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Now, what's interesting is these legs are beveled on the sides to make them into an octagon,
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and those bevels are very irregular.
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They were either done with a jack plane and done pretty quickly,
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or maybe with a draw knife or a spokeshave.
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So this guy was using a combination of hand tools and machine tools.
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He was a hybrid woodworker.
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Or maybe at the time that he did it, everybody was hybrid.
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They just called it woodworking.
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Now even with those details,
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it's still hard to put a date on this conversion,
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and we're going to have to look at some smaller details,
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like the screws that hold the battens to the seat.
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If you just look at these quickly,
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they look just like the same slot head gimlet point screws we find on the top of the seat,
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but there are some key differences.
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They're bigger, they have a cleaner appearance,
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and they've got a shiny silver surface.
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These are galvanized screws that were dipped in zinc to keep them from rusting.
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And galvanized screws didn't come in until the early 1900s,
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and they wouldn't have become cheap and popular for a little while after that.
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This kind of hardware pushes the restoration into probably the 1920s,
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maybe the 1930s, but there are some other important details we have to look at.
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Around the base of each of these tenons,
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there is clear squeeze out of yellow glue.
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And believe me, I know exactly how that happens when you're making a staked piece of furniture like this.
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You put glue on those tenons,
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you pound them into the mortises,
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and then you immediately flip the thing over so you can wedge the other side before that glue sets up.
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With this style of construction,
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having some glue drip down those tenons is unavoidable.
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Believe me, I've been here,
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and this is very clear evidence of yellow glue.
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It looks exactly like modern stuff.
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Yellow wood glue didn't come in until 1951 when the Titebond Corporation introduced it.
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Yep, same people we're still giving our money to today.
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That glue didn't exist until the early 50s,
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which means this conversion couldn't have been done until the early 1950s.
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Now we know when and how this was done,
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but I want to know who.
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Who was the woodworker who made this buckboard into a piece of furniture?
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And we can figure that out,
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but to do it, we have to stop looking at the things he did well and examine his mistakes.
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Because he made a couple, and they're pretty big.
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The craftsman used screws to connect the battens to the seat,
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but he didn't use enough of them.
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He used three screws in a simple diagonal line,
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but he should have used more.
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You can see that over on the corner here where there is no screw,
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the seat is pulling away from the batten,
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and the same thing is happening here on the opposite corner.
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What he should have done is used two screws on either end and one screw in the middle.
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That would have given him a tighter connection.
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I can actually flex this batten just with my hands,
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and it would have held the seat much flatter.
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When I made my simple Moravian stool last year,
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I used that two-two-one screw pattern,
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and it was super solid.
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I didn't make this up.
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I saw it on traditional furniture.
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The other big problem is with these leg joints.
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The tenons are great.
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They've been turned perfectly.
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The issue is the transition from the tenon back to the fat part of the leg.
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This detail here, woodturners would call this a pommel,
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and it looks really nice,
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but it's much too abrupt of a transition.
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There's even a clearly defined shoulder between the tenon and the pommel,
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and that's a big problem.
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In construction like this, you really need this part of the leg to be a smooth taper.
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So as you apply pressure to the seat,
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that tapered section can get forced deeper into that hole and tighten that connection.
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When you have a shoulder,
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that actually gives you a leverage point.
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The leg can work back and forth and over time it's guaranteed to loosen.
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And look, I'm not trying to pick on this guy,
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but he made some other strange choices.
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Like the legs are made out of really lightweight construction lumber,
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probably western red cedar.
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It's what they frame all the houses around here with.
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These are just 2x4s that have been ripped in half,
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and he even left some giant flaws and knots in them.
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This leg has a knot the size of a quarter.
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I can't believe it hasn't snapped yet.
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And I know, I know,
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you're thinking, Rex, you're obviously just nitpicking this guy.
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If the construction was so bad, it would've loosened up.
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The thing is, it did.
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This leg is super loose.
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And so is this leg.
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And so are the other two.
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Nobody sits on this bench anymore, because they can't.
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We're all afraid it'll break.
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And when you add it all up,
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I finally know who did this.
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It was a home gamer,
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a hobbyist, somebody like us.
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Somebody who had access to maybe not the best wood and a mixture of tools,
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one or two fancy electric tools and a couple of old hand tools,
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maybe passed down from his dad or his grandfather.
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And this was probably done in the 1950s.
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Everything about it says 50s.
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And man, what an exciting time that must have been to be a woodworker.
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World War II in the rearview mirror,
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time for leisure and fun.
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And finally, there were affordable woodworking machines,
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things that you could just plug into the wall and you could buy on a working man's salary.
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Stuff like a modest size electric lathe or a little table saw.
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They even had crazy combo machines like a table saw with a built-in jointer.
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Those things probably weren't a good idea or we'd still be doing them.
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They probably weren't very safe.
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But there must have been a great sense of possibility.
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You know, even if you didn't train as a furniture maker,
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even if you were just a little bit handy,
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you could buy a couple of machines,
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you could read popular mechanics,
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and you could make stuff in your own basement.
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I mean, I'm a hand tool guy,
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and I go for stuff that was made longer ago in a different tradition,
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but I still think back on that suburban person working in their basement
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or their garage back in the 50s
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and i think yeah it was the same spirit the same idea it must have been incredibly fun
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and even
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if this piece has some flaws it looks great consistent color
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nice angles on the legs a real unity it doesn't look like two things just jammed together
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and yeah it's a little rickety i'm not going to sit on it
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but I think this thing was converted into a bench 70 years ago
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and it's still being used as a little rustic coffee table you gotta call
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that a win you gotta call the whole piece a win
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and it's been extremely fun to look at pieces like this
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videos like this are why I love my patrons this is
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a weird woodworking video the algorithm doesn't like stuff like this it's not gonna get a million views,
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nobody would ever want to sponsor a video like this,
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but my patrons like this sort of thing.
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In fact, this is the most requested video from my patrons because they're interested in the details.
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They want to get into the weeds and know about the little stuff,
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and they let me make these sorts of historical kind of academic videos
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that I would never get to make otherwise and i'm incredibly grateful for
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that i try to show my gratitude by doing a ton
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of things for my patrons free plans discussion forum we're doing
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a build along series where i give them a tiny little
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bit of a table build every week we're building a little
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shaker table together like five minutes at a time it's a lot of fun
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and if you'd like to get in on that fun patreon.com rex kruger
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if you'd like to build a moravian stool or a number of other pieces of traditional furniture,
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check out rexkruger.com slash shop where we've got all of our plans.
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You can build a workbench,
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a shave horse, all sorts of stuff.
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Anyway, thanks for coming along on this trip with me.
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It's been incredibly fun.
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I can't wait to do it again.
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I'll see you soon.
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Контекст и фон
В этом видео из серии "Furniture Forensics" ведущий исследует происхождение старинной мебели, в частности, скамейки из подводной конной повозки, известной как "buckboard bench". Он делится своей находкой с соседом и рассказывает о том, как такие скамейки создавались из старых частей вагонов. Это дает зрителям интересный взгляд на историю мебельного производства и нюансы, связанные с антиквариатом.
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- «Это идеальный пример.» (This is perfect.)
- «Она сказала, что...» (She said that…)
- «Я был скептически настроен.» (I was skeptical.)
- «Это действительно было трендом в производстве мебели.» (This was a real trend in furniture making.)
- «Это все было сделано вручную.» (This thing was definitely made by hand.)
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