ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Animal Farm – Chapter 1 Audiobook (George Orwell)
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249 ประโยค
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1
Chapter 1.
2
Mr. Jones, of the manor farm, had locked the henhouses for the night.
3
but was too drunk to remember to shut the pop hose.
4
With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side, he lurched across the yard, kicked off his boots at the back door,
5
drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed.
6
where Miss Jones was already snoring.
7
As soon as the lights in the bedroom went out, there was a stirring and a fluttering all throughout the farm buildings.
8
Word had gone round during the day that old Major, The prized middle white boar had a strange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals.
9
It had been agreed
10
that they should all meet in the big barn as soon as Mr. Jones was safely out of the way.
11
Old Major, so he was always called, though the name under which he had been exhibited, was Woldington Beauty.
12
was so highly regarded on the farm
13
that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour's sleep in order to hear what he had to say.
14
At one end of the big barn, on a sort of raised platform, Maidru was already ensconced on his bed of straw.
15
under a lantern which hung from a beam.
16
He was 12 years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic looking pig,
17
with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut.
18
Before long, daughter animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions.
19
First came the three dogs.
20
Bluebell, Jesse, and Pinscher.
21
And then the pigs, who settle down in a straw immediately in front of the platform.
22
The hens perched themselves on the window sills, the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters, the sheep and cows laid down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud.
23
The two card horses, Boxer and Clover, came in together walking very slowly
24
and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care, lest there should be some small animal concealed in the straw.
25
Clover was a stout, mutterly mare approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her forefall.
26
Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly 18 hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together.
27
A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of the first rate intelligence.
28
but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work.
29
After the horses came Muriel, the white goat, and Benjamin, the donkey.
30
Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm and the worst tempered.
31
He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark.
32
For instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off.
33
But he would sooner have had no tail and no flies.
34
Alone among the animals on the farm, he never laughed.
35
If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at.
36
Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer.
37
The two of them usually spent their Sundays together in a small paddock beyond the orchard, grazing side by side and never speaking.
38
The two horses had just lain down when a brood of ducklings which had lost their mother filed into the barn.
39
Cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trotted on.
40
Clover made a sort of wall around them with a great foreleg, and the ducklings nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep.
41
At the last moment, Molly, the foolish, pretty white mare who drew Mr. Jones' tarp, came mincing daintily in, chewing at a lump of sugar.
42
She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plated with.
43
Last of all came the cat, who looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover.
44
There she purred contently, throughout major speech, without listening to a word of what he was saying.
45
All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame raven, who slept on a perch behind the back door.
46
When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, he cleared his throat. and began.
47
You have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night.
48
But I will come to the dream later.
49
I have something else to say first.
50
I do not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many months longer.
51
And before I die, I feel it is my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired.
52
I've had a long life.
53
I've had much time for thoughts as I lay alone in my stall.
54
And I think I may say
55
that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living.
56
It is about this that I wish to speak to you.
57
Now comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours?
58
Let us face it.
59
Our lives are miserable.
60
laborious.
61
In short, We are born.
62
We are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength.
63
And the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end, You're slaughtered with hideous cruelty.
64
No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old.
65
No animal in England is free.
66
"'The life of an animal?' It's misery. and slavery.
67
That is the plain truth.
68
But is it simply part of the order of nature?
69
Is it because this land of ours is so poor
70
that it cannot afford a decent life to those who dwell upon it?
71
Thank you.
72
No, comrades.
73
A thousand times no. The soil of England is fertile.
74
Its climate is good.
75
It is capable of affording food in abundance to an enormously greater number of animals that now inhabit it.
76
This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses, twenty cows, hundreds of sheep.
77
An optim living in a comfort and a dignity that are now almost beyond our imagining.
78
Why then do we continue in this miserable condition?
79
because nearly the whole of the produce of our labor is stolen from us by human beings.
80
There, comrades.
81
is the answer to all of our problems.
82
It is summed up.
83
in a single word.
84
Man.
85
Man is the only real enemy we have.
86
Remove man from the scene.
87
and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished forever.
88
Man is the only creature that consumes without producing.
89
He does not give milk.
90
He does not lay eggs.
91
He is too weak to pull the plow.
92
He cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits.
93
Yet he is lord of all the animals.
94
He sets them to work.
95
He gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving, and the rest he keeps for himself.
96
Our labor tells the soil.
97
Our dung fertilizes it.
98
And yet there is not one of us that owns more than his bare skin.
99
"You cows," Tracey before me, "how many thousands gallons of milk have you given during this last year?"
100
What happened to that milk which should have been breeding up sturdy calves?
101
Every drop of it has gone down the throats of our enemies.
102
And you, hens!
103
How many eggs have you laid in the last year?
104
And how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens.
105
The rest have all gone to market, to bring in money for Jones and his men.
106
And you, Clover.
107
Where are those four foals you bore, who should have been supports and pleasure of your old age?
108
Each was sold a year old.
109
You will never see one of them again.
110
In return for your four confinements and all your labor in the fields, what have you ever had except your bare rations in a stall?
111
And even the miserable lives we lead are not allowed to reach their natural span.
112
For myself, I do not grumble.
113
for I am one of the lucky ones.
114
I'm 12 years old and I've had over 400 children.
115
Such is the natural life of a pig.
116
But no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end.
117
You young porkers who are sitting in front of me.
118
Every one of you will scream your lives out at the block within a year.
119
It's not horror.
120
We all must come.
121
Chaos.
122
"Pigs, hens, sheep, everyone." Even the horses and the dogs have no better fate.
123
You, Boxer.
124
The very day that those great muscles of yours lose their power, Jones will send you to the knacker.
125
who'll cut your throats and boil you down for the foxhounds.
126
That's for the dogs.
127
When he growled and toothless, Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them in the nearest pond.
128
Is it not clear then, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings?
129
Only get rid of man.
130
and the produce of our labor would be our own.
131
Almost overnight, we could become rich and free.
132
What then must we do?
133
Why work night and day?
134
Body and soul, for the overthrow of the human race.
135
This is my message to you, comrades.
136
Rebellion.
137
I do not know when the rebellion will come.
138
It might be in a week.
139
We're in 100 years. But I know.
140
As surely as I see the straw beneath my feet, that sooner... or later.
141
Justice will be done.
142
"Fix your eyes on that, comrades." throughout the short remainder of your lives.
143
And above all, Pass on this message of mine to those who come after you, so that future generations shall carry on the struggle until it is victorious.
144
And remember, comrades, Your resolution must never falter.
145
No argument must lead you astray.
146
Never listen when they tell you that man and animals have a common interest.
147
The prosperity of the one is the prosperity of the others.
148
It is all lies.
149
Man serves the interests of no creature except himself.
150
And among us animals, let there be perfect unity, perfect comradeship in a struggle.
151
All men.
152
our enemies.
153
All animals. or comrades.
154
At this moment, there was a tremendous uproar.
155
While Major was speaking, four large rats had crept out of their holes and were sitting on their hindquarters, listening to him.
156
The dogs had suddenly caught sight of them, and it was only by a swift dash for their holes that the rats saved their lives.
157
Major raised his trotter for silence.
158
Comrades.
159
He said, Here is a point that must be settled.
160
The wild creatures, such as rats and rabbits, Are you our friends?
161
or our enemies.
162
Let us put it to the vote.
163
I propose this question to the meeting.
164
R. Rats.
165
Comrades.
166
The vote was taken at once and it was agreed by an overwhelming majority that the rats were comrades.
167
There were only four dissenters: the three dogs and the cats.
168
who was afterwards discovered to have voted on both sides.
169
Major continued.
170
I have little more to say.
171
I merely repeat...
172
Remember always your duty of venemnity towards man and all his ways.
173
Whatever goes upon two legs.
174
is an enemy.
175
Whatever goes upon four legs or as wings.
176
is a friend.
177
And remember, Also, that in fighting against man, we must not come to resemble him.
178
Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices.
179
No animal must ever live in a house.
180
We're sleep in a bed.
181
or wear clothes or drink alcohol.
182
or smoke tobacco.
183
or touch money, or engage in trade.
184
All the habits of man are evil.
185
And above all, No animal must ever tyrannize over his own kind.
186
Weak.
187
We're strong.
188
Clever. or simple.
189
We.. are all Brothers.
190
No animal must ever kill any other animal.
191
All animals are equal.
192
And now comrades, I'll tell you about my dream of last night.
193
I cannot describe that dream to you.
194
was a dream of the earth as it will be when man has vanished.
195
It reminded me of something that I had long forgotten.
196
many years ago.
197
When I was a little pig, My mother and the other sows used to sing an old song.
198
of which they knew only the tune and the first three words.
199
I'd known that soon in my infancy.
200
but I've long since passed out of my mind.
201
Last night, however, It came back to me in my dream.
202
What is more, The words of the song also came back.
203
Words!
204
I'm certain.
205
which were sung by the animals of long ago.
206
and have been lost to memory for generations.
207
I will sing you that song now, comrades.
208
I'm old and my voice is hoarse.
209
But when I have taught you the tune, You can sing it better for yourselves.
210
It is called...
211
Beasts. of England.
212
Old Major cleared his throat and began to sing.
213
As he had said, His voice was hoarse, but he sang well enough.
214
And it was a stirring tune, somewhere between Clementine and La Cucaracha.
215
The words ran: The beasts of England, beasts of Ireland, beasts of England,
216
beasts of Ireland, beasts of every land and clime, hearken to my joyful tidings of the golden future time.
217
Soon or late the day is coming, Tyrant man shall be overthrown.
218
And the fruitful fields of England shall be trought by beasts alone.
219
Rings shall vanish from our noses and the harnesses from our back.
220
Bits and spur shall rust forever, Cruel whips no more shall crack.
221
Riches more than mine can picture, Weed and barley, oats and hay.
222
clover beans and mangrove worsels shall be ours upon that day Thank you.
223
Bright will shine the fields of England.
224
"Purer shall its waters be." Sweet yet shall blow its breezes On the day that sets us free.
225
For that day, we all must labor.
226
Though we die before it break, Cows and horses, geese and turkeys, All must toil for freedom's sake.
227
Beasts of England, beasts of Ireland, beasts of every land and clime, Hearken well and spread my tithing.
228
Off the golden future tie.
229
The scene of the song threw the animals into the wildest excitement.
230
Almost before Major had reached the end, they had begun singing it for themselves.
231
Even the stupidest of them had already picked up the tune and a few of the words.
232
And as for the clever ones, such as the pigs and dogs, they had the entire song by heart within a few minutes.
233
And then, After a few preliminary tries, the whole farm burst out into beasts of England in a tremendous unison.
234
The cow's loaded.
235
The dogs whined it.
236
The sheep bleated it.
237
The horses whinnied it.
238
The ducks quacked to it.
239
They were so delighted with the song that they sang it right through five times in succession.
240
I might have continued singing it all night, but they had not been interrupted.
241
Unfortunately, the uproar awoke Mr. Jones, who sprang out of bed, making sure that there was a fox in the yard.
242
He seized the gun which always stood in the corner of his bedroom
243
and let fly a charge of number six shots into the darkness.
244
The Pudds buried themselves in the wall of the barn, and the meeting broke up hurriedly.
245
Everyone fled to his own sleeping place.
246
The birds jumped onto the purchase.
247
The animals settled down in the straw.
248
the whole farm was asleep.
249
in a moment.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ B2 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Animal Farm – Chapter 1 Audiobook” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: animal, comrades, beast วิดีโอนี้มี 249 ประโยค และ 2673 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 17:18 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 154 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน มีเพียง 80% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ยากที่สุด 15 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| comrade คำนาม | /ˈkɑmɹæd/ | สหาย |
| clover คำนาม | /ˈkloʊ.vɚ/ | โคลเวอร์ |
| straw คำนาม | /stɹɔ/ | ฟาง |
| rat คำนาม | /ɹæt/ | หนู |
| barn คำนาม | [ˈbɑɹn] | ยุ้ง, โรงนา |
| pig คำนาม | /ˈpɪɡ/ | หมู |
| cow คำนาม | /kaʊ/ | วัว, โค |
| sheep คำนาม | /ˈʃiːp/ | แกะ |
| hen คำนาม | /hɛn/ | แม่ไก่ |
| lantern คำนาม | /ˈlæ̝ntɚn/ | โคม, โคมไฟ |
| chew คำกริยา | /tʃuː/ | เคี้ยว |
| prosperity คำนาม | /pɹɑˈspɛɹ.ɪ.ti/ | ความรุ่งเรือง |
| rebellion คำนาม | /ɹɪˈbɛl.i.ən/ | การกบฏ, จลาจล |
| rabbit คำนาม | /ˈɹæbɪt/ | กระต่าย |
| cruel คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈkɹuːəl/ | โหด, ทารุณ |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| come back คำกริยา | กลับมา |
| go out คำกริยา | ออก, ออกไป |
| lie down คำกริยา | นอน |
| pick up คำกริยา | ยก, หยิบ |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- I've had a long life.
- Why then do we continue in this miserable condition?
- How many eggs have you laid in the last year?
- What then must we do?
- We're sleep in a bed.
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have had · have heard · have acquired |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | had been agreed · was always called · was already ensconced |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | those who dwell · those who come |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 14 ครั้ง เช่น I've, I'm, we're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: sheep /ˈʃiːp/, abolish /əˈbɑl.ɪʃ/, vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/, foolish /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/, leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: miserable /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹəbəl/, prosperity /pɹɑˈspɛɹ.ɪ.ti/, rebellion /ɹɪˈbɛl.i.ən/, universally /ˌjunɪˈvɝsəli/, preliminary /pɹɪˈlɪmɪnɛɹi/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: tremendous /tɹɪˈmɛndəs/, miserable /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹəbəl/, stall /stɔːl/, cruel /ˈkɹuːəl/, abolish /əˈbɑl.ɪʃ/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: clover /ˈkloʊ.vɚ/, overwhelm /ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɛlm/, vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/, starve /stɑɹv/, devote /dɪˈvəʊt/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: miserable /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹəbəl/, riches /ɹɪt͡ʃɪz/, resemble /ɹɪˈzɛmbəl/, hose /hoʊz/, seize /ˈsiːz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง comrade, clover, straw เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ