ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: If You Can Understand This News Article, Your English is Excellent!

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In this English lesson, we'll read a BBC News article together.

And as we read the article, you'll learn advanced English vocabulary in context.

You'll learn the correct grammar and the correct pronunciation at the same time.

This is an advanced article discussing a new study on reducing the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.

If you can understand this article, your English is excellent.

Welcome back to GeForce English.

Of course, I'm Jennifer.

Now let's get started.

Our headline, scientists found a surprising driver of Alzheimer's outside the brain.

So here, this apostrophe S is because it's Alzheimer's disease.

So Alzheimer's shows possession.

However, people just drop the word disease, but they still keep that apostrophe S in spelling and in pronunciation.

Alzheimer's.

Now here, they found what?

Driver.

A driver.

Grammatically, this is a noun.

Now, yes, a driver is someone who drives a vehicle.

That is not the meaning in this context.

In this context, a driver is something that causes or contributes to something else.

So in this case, the something that causes or contributes, we don't know what it is,

but we know it's surprising and they will tell us what it is in the article

but the something else something causes

or contributes to something else the something else we know it's

alzheimer's let's look at these examples on the right technology is a driver of

and then something else so the something is technology this something else is economic growth.

So technology causes economic growth or contributes to economic growth.

Stress can be a major driver.

So major making it sound more significant, a major driver of something else, poor sleep.

Now, remember this is the noun form, but just like I explained,

a driver is someone who drives a vehicle.

So there is a verb form, which is drive.

And this is on the left -hand side.

It's very commonly used in a more formal and professional way, commonly used in business or economic discussions.

Technology drives economic growth.

So notice to be a driver of something, but here we have something drives something.

And as a verb, you have to conjugate it.

So third person singular, it drives economic growth.

Stress can drive.

So here's our modal can.

So we have the base verb poor sleep.

So now, you know, the noun form and the verb form.

Don't worry about taking these notes.

I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF.

You can find the link in the description.

Let's keep reading.

Immune cells that usually defend the body by attacking infected or foreign cells.

Okay.

So we're talking about immune cells, a type of cell related to your immune system, their role that usually adverb of frequency.

So this is the present simple because we know it's a routine action and it's they as the subject.

So that's why it's, they defend.

They usually defend the body.

Defend is another way of saying protect.

And how do they do that?

By notice our preposition by.

So our next verb is in the ing form.

They defend the body by attacking infected or foreign cells.

So you have these bad cells that are infected or foreign.

So both of those are bad adjectives, bad cells.

So good cells, bad cells.

That's how you can make it more complex topic, easy to understand.

Just think about the essence, the main message that they're communicating.

By attacking infected or foreign cells appear in unusually high numbers in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease.

Okay.

So unusually high numbers in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease.

So people who have Alzheimer's disease have higher numbers of immune cells.

Now, this sounds positive because they usually defend.

So we'll see.

With Alzheimer's disease, remember I said often they will just leave out the word disease like we saw in the headline.

But even when it's left out, you still have that apostrophe S in spelling.

And like I said, in pronunciation, Alzheimer's.

Alzheimer's disease and related conditions.

So, related conditions, meaning conditions that are related to Alzheimer's disease.

Are you enjoying this lesson?

If you are, then I want to tell you about the Finally Fluent Academy.

This is my premium training program where we study native English speakers from TV, movies, YouTube, and the news,

so you can improve your listening skills of fast English, expand your vocabulary with natural expressions,

and learn advanced grammar easily plus you'll have me as your

personal coach you can look in the description for the link to learn more

or you can go to my website

and click on finally fluent academy now let's continue with our lesson evidence suggests these cells

so if you have these then you have to look back to understand what cells they're talking about

so these we have to look at what they were talking about before, and they were talking about immune cells.

So evidence suggests these cells, which are immune cells contribute to neurodegeneration.

So neuro is the short form for neurological relating to your brain and brain activity.

Degeneration is negative.

If something degenerates, it means the state or condition or quality decreases.

Now, we use this commonly with health, especially with people who have diseases or even with the elderly,

people who are very old.

And as we get older, our bodies degenerate.

It's a fact of life.

we don't generally use this with just regular colds and flus

but you can use this with non -medical terminology as well you could say the neighborhood

so an area of houses as well as streets parks all of

that would be a neighborhood the neighborhood has degenerated over the last 20 years

so if you look at it now you look at it 20 years ago and it's gotten worse.

Now notice here, this is the verb form to degenerate and is conjugated in the present perfect.

In this case, degeneration is the noun form.

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So you could say the neighborhood is facing degeneration, for example, to use the noun form.

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But in this case, contribute to, remember we need that preposition to, and then something neurodegeneration.

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Let's keep reading.

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But researchers have not known where they originate.

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So where these cells originate or what prompts them to gather in the brain.

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So what prompts them to gather in the brain? is another way of just saying, why do they gather in the brain?

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What causes them to do that?

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So prompt, you can think of it as what causes them, or all of this you can think of as why does this happen?

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Notice the pronunciation here, or what prompts them, or what prompts them, prompts them.

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The T is silent, not because it's a silent letter, because it's impossible to pronounce.

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So native speakers just drop that to smooth out pronunciation, what prompts them.

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But it is not a silent letter in the sense that if you used it in the base form,

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you would say prompt, prompt, prompt.

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And then in the ED form, it becomes id, prompted.

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prompted.

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So that T sound is transferred to the id.

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So it sounds like tid, tid, prompted, prompted you to ask your boss for a transfer.

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What prompted you to ask your boss for a transfer?

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So again, it's just like asking what caused you.

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And another way is just simply why, why did you ask your boss for a transfer is more direct, but it asked the exact same thing.

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Let's keep reading.

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A new study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis points to an unexpected source outside the brain.

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So an unexpected source that prompts them to gather in the brain comes from outside the brain.

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Let's look at points too, because of course, point is what I'm doing right now.

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So you might hear the teacher pointed to the student in the first row.

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So that could be the direction of my point.

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However, in this case, if something points to something,

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it means that it suggests a cause or an explanation for something.

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So in this case, the study is saying some unexpected source outside the brain is the cause

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or is the explanation for why these immune cells gather in the brain.

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That's what we've learned so far.

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Let's keep reading.

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In experiments with mice, researchers found that T cells receive signals from lymph nodes

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that appear to prepare them to enter the brain

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and contribute to damage because remember they're specifically talking about the brains of people with Alzheimer's

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so contribute to damage the damage caused by Alzheimer's disease now

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remember the ph spelling combination is pronounced as f just like phone.

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It's not normally found at the end of words, but here we have it.

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So it's lymph, lymph, lymph nodes.

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I didn't know what a T cell is.

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I found out it's a type of immune cells.

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I don't overly know what a lymph node is.

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I have a general understanding, but not enough to explain it to someone else because I don't have a medical background.

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You may have a better understanding of what lymph nodes are than I do.

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So we'll understand this with limited knowledge of these terms.

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And that's exactly what native speakers have to do as well in certain contexts, like me reading this article with you.

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So in experiments with mice, researchers found that T cells receive signals from lymph nodes.

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So T cells type of immune cell from lymph nodes

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that I know are outside of the brain generally that appear to prepare them.

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So the immune cells that appear to prepare them using the word appear to is important because it's saying it with uncertainty.

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I might say she appears to be late.

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I'm saying it with uncertainty.

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So we have the verb appear conjugated, and then your infinitive.

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So that appear to prepare them seems possible, but I can't say this as a fact,

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prepare them to enter the brain.

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So to have these immune cells enter the brain and contribute to remember again, our preposition to damage.

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Now, because two is a preposition, if this were a verb, then it would be in the ing form because to is not part of the infinitive.

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It's part of the phrase to contribute to.

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So I might say contribute to damaging the brain.

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So to damage of the brain.

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So now that we've read this additional information, we can go back and try to understand how that connects to what we previously learned,

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because remember they talk about this new study and it points to an unexpected source outside the brain

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that is helping these immune cells gather in the brain,

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which is having a negative effect for patients with Alzheimer's.

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So what is that unexpected source?

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It's the lymph nodes.

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Now, maybe unexpected source because it's outside the brain.

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And based on my limited information, I inferred this, that the,

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oh, the unexpected source, that's the lymph nodes because that is outside the brain.

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And we know that the T cells are the immune cells, and we've already learned that they are going in the brain of the patients with Alzheimer's.

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Let's keep reading.

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When the scientists disrupted those signals.

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So if you disrupt something, it means you interfere, you cause it to not work as properly.

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You cause some disturbance.

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Neurodegeneration was dramatically reduced.

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So that's a very positive thing because neurodegeneration is your brain,

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your brain function starting up here and going down here and up here is good down here is bad.

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So the neurodegeneration was dramatically reduced.

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Maybe instead of going down here, it only went to this point and that was still very positive in brain functionality.

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So dramatically, if you just said was reduced, I don't know where on that scale,

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but it dramatically I can make a better assumption or I have a better picture in my mind.

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So this part is saying when scientists disrupted those signals.

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So we have to go back and figure out what those signals are.

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So the T cells receive signals from lymph nodes.

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Notice that sentence structure, T -cells receive.

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So the lymph nodes are the sender and the T -cells are the receiver.

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So in this case, when the scientists disrupted those signals,

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it's actually the lymph nodes that they disrupted because they're the ones sending the signals to the T -cells,

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the immune cells, which were gathering in unusually high numbers in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's.

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Let's keep reading the findings.

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So the findings from the study, the findings being the evidence,

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the research, the results, the findings reveal a previously unrecognized immune pathway.

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So just think a pathway.

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If you're walking, there's a path and it allows you to walk more easily.

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An immune pathway is where cells can travel more easily in your body.

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The findings reveal a previously unrecognized immune pathway

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that may offer a way to slow or potentially halt damage associated with Alzheimer's disease.

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That's amazing.

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If for anyone reading this, that's a positive thing to hear.

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so to slow of course you know what

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that means you can slow a disease you can slow an

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illness you can slow a negative effect a lot of people are trying to slow aging myself included to slow

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or potentially halt well I'd like to stop aging

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so that's what halt means to halt to stop damage to halt damage associated with Alzheimer's disease.

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Now, remember with the word appear, I said it's very important that they included that word because they're presenting it with some uncertainty.

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Same with the word may.

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If you say may offer, that doesn't mean that it will offer.

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So may offer a way to slow or potentially halt.

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It's a possibility.

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but still it's certainly a positive thing to hear let's keep reading dr david m holtzman said the discovery

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so what we just talked about before is the discovery is especially intriguing

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intriguing that's intriguing so intriguing this is an adjective to be intriguing is something that causes you to be interested,

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causes you to think more fully or strategically about something.

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So the discovery is especially intriguing because it identifies a disease related process.

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So not a disease, a disease related process.

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Notice how, when I said that I pause after disease, it made it seem like this is the noun, but it's not.

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Process is the noun because it identifies a process.

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What type of process?

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A process related to disease.

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So this is why your delivery, how you say something is important.

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I paused at the wrong point.

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It may have created a miscommunication, a disease related process that begins outside the brain.

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Because remember, this is connection to the lymph nodes, the lymph nodes that are sending the signal to the T cells, which are a type of immune cell

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and telling those immune cells to gather in the brain

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that could make it possible again could is a modal of possibility

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that could make it possible so it's just an an option it's a possibility

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that could make it possible to target mechanisms that are easier to reach and better understood.

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So these mechanisms are easier to reach because they're outside the brain.

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Your brain is not easy to reach.

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It's surrounded by a skull and is very vulnerable.

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So these other mechanisms could be easier to reach compared to your brain and better understood.

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And in this context, a mechanism is the process.

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So that mechanism of how a lymph node communicates with a T cell,

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an immune cell, that is a process, that's the mechanism.

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And if they want to target it, it means that is what they are trying to address or solve or study even.

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here we have quotation marks so these are the words of someone

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that someone the only person that's been mentioned is dr david m holtzman

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so that's what we would assume unless we receive other information

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one of the issues in developing treatments for neurological diseases

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so diseases related to your brain function is

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that you need to engineer your treatment so that it gets into the brain and past the blood brain barrier.

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So this is again, reinforcing that easier to reach and even potentially better understood.

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But we might not actually need to get the drugs into the central nervous system

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so your central nervous system flows into your brain of course to mitigate neurodegeneration

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if you want to if you mitigate the neurodegeneration well then you slow it

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or you stop it you halt it holtzman said

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and yes direct quotations and here we have another modal of possibility in this case might.

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So our main verb is separated by an adverb and a negative might need,

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might not actually need to get the drugs into the central nervous system.

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Let's keep reading.

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There are lots of ways to manipulate T cells.

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So remember we learned that T cells are a type of immune cell that have been studied extensively.

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So this could relate to the better understood.

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If they've been studied extensively,

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well then it means they have studied them a lot and extensively is just a more formal way of saying a lot.

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And it certainly does sound more formal,

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have been studied extensively and that are approved treatments for other diseases,

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but many haven't yet been explored for neurodegenerative diseases.

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Okay.

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They haven't yet been explored.

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Explore meaning they haven't taken this treatment and used it for this specific case

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because they didn't know there was a connection between the treatment and that specific disease.

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But in this, in this study, it seems like they have evidence to explore that as a potential.

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As I was writing a lot, I thought of another adverb that sounds more formal than a lot,

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but still sounds every day, which is thoroughly that have been studied thoroughly.

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Make sure you You get that unvoiced teach thoroughly, thoroughly a lot, a lot casual, very frequently used.

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I use it every single day.

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And so do all native speakers a lot, thoroughly, extensively in order of casual to formal.

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And that's the end of our article.

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This was a challenge for me.

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I'm sure this was a challenge for you.

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Take it slow, review it multiple times.

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Now I'll read the article from start to finish, and you can focus on my pronunciation.

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Scientists found a surprising driver of Alzheimer's outside the brain.

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Immune cells that usually defend the body by attacking infected

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or foreign cells appear in unusually high numbers in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease and related conditions.

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Evidence suggests these cells contribute to neurodegeneration, but researchers have not known where they originate or what prompts them to gather in the brain.

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A new study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis points to an unexpected source outside the brain.

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In experiments with mice, researchers found that T cells receive signals from lymph nodes

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that appear to prepare them to enter the brain and contribute to damage.

280

When the scientists disrupted those signals, neurodegeneration was dramatically reduced.

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The findings reveal a previously unrecognized immune pathway

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that may offer a way to slow or potentially halt damage associated with Alzheimer's disease.

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Dr. David M.

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Holtzman said the discovery is especially intriguing because it identifies a disease related process that begins outside the brain.

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That could make it possible to target mechanisms that are easier to reach and better understood.

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One of the issues in developing treatments for neurological diseases is

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that you need to engineer your treatment so that it gets into the brain and past the blood brain barrier.

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But we might not actually need to get the drugs into the central nervous system to mitigate neurodegeneration.

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Holtzman said there are lots of ways to manipulate t -cells

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that have been studied extensively and that are approved treatments for other diseases but many haven't yet been explored for neurodegenerative diseases.

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Do you want to keep learning English with the news?

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If you do put yes yes yes yes yes put yes yes yes in the comments

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and of course make sure you like this lesson share it with your friends

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and subscribe so you're notified every time I post a new lesson.

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And you can get this free speaking guide where I share six tips on how to speak English fluently and confidently.

296

You can click here to download it or look for the link in the description.

297

And here's another lesson I know you'll love.

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Watch it now.

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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “If You Can Understand This News Article, Your English is Excellent!” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: cell, brain, disease, immune, lymph วิดีโอนี้มี 298 ประโยค และ 3450 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 27:16 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 127 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม 82% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:

คำศัพท์	คำอ่าน	ความหมาย
verb คำนาม	/vɝb/	คำกริยา, กริยา
hungry คำคุณศัพท์	/ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/	หิว, ท้องเลว
defend คำกริยา	/dɪˈfɪnd/	ป้องกัน
lesson คำนาม	/ˈlɛs.ən/	บทเรียน
mechanism คำนาม	/ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/	กลไก, เครื่อง
noun คำนาม	/naʊn/	นาม, คำนาม
scientist คำนาม	/ˈsaɪəntəst/	นักวิทยาศาสตร์
pronunciation คำนาม	/pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/	การออกเสียง, เสียงอ่าน
explore คำกริยา	/ɪkˈsploɹ/	สำรวจ
researcher คำนาม	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	นักวิจัย
discovery คำนาม	/dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/	การค้นพบ
silent คำคุณศัพท์	/ˈsaɪ̯lənt/	เงียบ, นิ่ง
reveal คำกริยา	/ɹɪˈviːl/	เปิดเผย
experiment คำนาม	/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/	การทดลอง
mouse คำนาม	/maʊs/	หนู

กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน

คำศัพท์	ความหมาย
go back คำกริยา	กลับไป

ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ

ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:

Are you enjoying this lesson?
What prompted you to ask your boss for a transfer?
That's what we've learned so far.
I found out it's a type of immune cells.
I don't overly know what a lymph node is.

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้าง	ในวิดีโอ
Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน	has degenerated · have not known · we've learned
Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ	are infected · is conjugated · is transferred
Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ	someone who drives · form, which is · people who have

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 40 ครั้ง เช่น don't, they're, haven't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน

เสียง “th”: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, smooth /smuːð/
เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, unusually /ʌnˈjuːʒuəli/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, casual /ˈkæʒ(u)əl/
คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: unexpected /ʌnɪkˈspɛktɪd/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, extensively /ɪkˈstɛn.sɪv.li/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/

เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:

เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: formal /ˈfɔɹməl/, reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, mouse /maʊs/, neurological /nɝəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/, casual /ˈkæʒ(u)əl/
/v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: verb /vɝb/, extensively /ɪkˈstɛn.sɪv.li/, discovery /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/, reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/
/z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, pause /pɔːz/, possession /pəˈzɛʃn̩/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง verb, hungry, defend เป็นพิเศษ

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →

ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: If You Can Understand This News Article, Your English is Excellent!

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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

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ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?