ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Like

Hello and welcome to this first video on the AS Level Thinking Skills course.

My recommendation would be that you make notes as you're watching this particular video

and you can use something like an exercise book or use a Word document.

So the heading for this first particular video and the title is what is the AS Level Thinking Skills course.

So we're going to go through a brief overview as to what the content for the course is, how the course operates, to understand the skills that you need to hone

and will need to work on to approach this particular course.

And then hopefully to begin to apply some of the skills introduced.

So we're going to introduce some of the things

that we're going to be looking at over the course of the next few weeks.

This is a brand new course for Osh.

It's not something that we've offered before.

And the reason why there's been a bit of a delay in

producing this particular video compared to the EBQ is

that understandably I need to make sure

that I understand the requirements of the course and what is expected of students and staff.

So I had to do a little bit of research on this particular one.

Just to give you a bit of reassurance on that particular component

because you might think as a teacher that hasn't taught this particular course before, you might be a bit skeptical but as a history

and politics teacher and the skills that are appropriate for the thinking skills AS course, which are essentially critical thinking and problem solving, are essentially what we teach for history,

particularly anyway at A -level.

So a lot of these skills will be transferable

and from my own expertise I have had experience at A -level delivering a number of these pieces of content.

So What is the Cambridge International AS Level in Thinking Skills?

Well you can do an AS Level in Thinking Skills or you can do a full A Level.

It is from the Cambridge International Board which is different to OCR.

but it is a recognised course, it is an internationally recognised course that is accepted by UK universities.

It is not a soft option and you know going back maybe 15 years ago,

lots of students did things like general studies and they weren't necessarily accepted by universities.

Thinking skills is recognised by very reputable universities internationally

and the reasons why is this is a very difficult course

and it is something which does need time and it does need attention.

It is designed to do a number of things this particular course.

The first is that it's designed to complement your other chosen A -levels and that's really any combination of A -levels.

So whether you're studying history, politics and geography or maths, physics and chemistry, the skills

that you should be developing through this particular course should be applicable to your other chosen A -levels.

which are assessed in competitive application tests.

So some students might be looking to apply for competitive medical pathways or law pathways.

They might be asked to go to interview for different universities or for higher apprenticeships.

And the skills that you develop through this particular course are utilized in lots of these different competitive application tests.

were able to critically challenge and reflect on the events of the world.

So as an adult, going into the world of work or being aware of certain issues,

being able to critically challenge and reflect on the current affairs and current events.

This course is for those that are wishing to learn for the skills alone.

So you might be wanting to improve on the skills at Thinking Skills AS qualification.

brings forward and you may not wish to gain a qualification at the end of this.

You might do this purely just to improve those particular skills to complement your A -level studies.

You might wish to do this to gain a qualification at the very end.

For students at OSH, with all the current events as they are, the primary focus is on your A -level subjects

and it might be the case that you want to learn these for the skills, but for year 11 students it might be

that you wish to get a qualification at the very end of this particular course.

And these particular sessions are designed for both groups of people.

So whether you want that qualification or if you don't, it is something that hopefully you can get something from.

So we're offering the AS level thinking skills course, not the full A level course.

The reason for that, obviously with the current circumstances to offer another A level.

could perhaps be detrimental in terms of the amount of workload that would be expected of you.

With the AS level thinking skills course, and it is a an externally assessed.

course, it is something that has no coursework components and it involves two exam papers.

The first exam paper is on problem solving and it is an hour and 30 minutes.

It's got 50 marks in total and it makes up 50 % of the overall course.

For that examination, you are allowed to have a calculator and the subject content is predominantly focused on organising information,

processing information, analysing data and considering wider problems.

For paper two it is slightly longer with an hour

and 45 minutes and there are more extended questions

but it is also 50 marks and it is worth 50 % of your overall course.

The subject content for critical thinking is to evaluate and use evidence appropriately, to analyse reasoning, to evaluate reasoning and to construct reasoning.

that we're going to look at.

So in terms of what you'll need, this is a remote course to begin with during the lockdown process.

So I can't necessarily have the same interactions that I would particularly want, which would be in the classroom.

any internet browser that you've got I would recommend going on

that particular page downloading all the PDF forms and making sure that you've got them in a secure folder on your computer.

The website that you've got there has information about the syllabus, it has information about the examination process, and it's something that I would suggest after you've watched this particular video

that you go through in a little bit more detail.

Thank you.

What you'll also need is you'll need access to a number of websites which the Cambridge International Board website directs you to.

So, for example, this particular website that's on the screen now has a number of different exercises

that you can do as and when you would like.

And the benefit of this particular course is you shouldn't just necessarily be waiting for the video content.

You can be going away and you can be finding a variety of quality online resources at your disposal on critical thinking.

So do have a look on the Cambridge website, which will direct you to websites such as this.

You may wish to, and I'm not saying that you need this, but you may wish to invest in some of the approved resources by Cambridge,

the Cambridge International Board.

The book to the left, so Dawes, Matthews, Roberts and Thwaites, is the one that I'm using at the moment, it's one that I've read through

and it's very user friendly it's very straightforward is very well laid out as well and it's

quite hefty in terms of the the amount of pages

so it is something that is going to take a bit of time

but it might be something that you wish to work through

or it might be something that you can use as a reference point.

The book to the right

and unfortunately isn't available at the moment on Amazon there seems to be a supply issue with the current circumstances

and so I did try and order it about a month ago

but unfortunately it's been there's no stock left so hopefully

when you're watching this there's more stock and that might be something that you wish to invest in.

What I would also suggest that you do is you get yourself organized, as I said at the very start of this video, and you have a folder that you can...

set up on your computer and you can have it labelled as thinking skills as resources come through

and as you start typing your notes it would be a good idea to keep a record

and so that when you're revising you've got a wealth of information that you can go to.

Likewise it might be useful as you're watching these YouTube videos to take notes at the same time

and again you can put that in your secure folder

if you prefer to work and on paper and

100

that might be quite useful if you're watching youtube videos

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and then i would suggest

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that you've got a you've got a pad of paper in a folder

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or alternatively you've got an exercise book that you can just record and make notes in as well

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So this is how we're going to structure the course.

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This is the advice from the board as well.

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We're going to break it down into eight components in terms of how long this will take.

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For however long we're in lockdown, I'll be releasing videos every Monday and hopefully they're things that you can take on board and can build upon.

108

So we're going to be looking at critical thinking first, which is for paper two.

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We're then going to look at problem solving and introduce the basic components for that.

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We'll then look at critical reasoning.

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then critical thinking, problem solving, data analysis, and then reasoning with data.

112

So we're not just gonna go paper two solely and then paper one, you know, lots of these particular skills

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that we're bringing up will be applicable in both papers

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and we're going to go at the approach that the exam board have recommended.

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If you do get the textbook as well, it's not necessarily in the same order and the order of the textbook is slightly different.

116

But this is the advice from the Cambridge board as to how we're going to lay this out.

117

So we're going to start off by looking at paper two, which is our critical thinking course.

118

Now you might know a little bit about what you might think you know what criticism or critical thinking or critics are.

119

And, you know, the purpose of this particular video, what's left of this particular video, is to just go through really what those particular terms mean and just to start.

120

getting your thinking along the right sort of lines before we go into some specifics

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and make sure that we build up those particular skills.

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Now, those words of critical thinking or criticism or critic,

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they all originate from the classical Greek word kritikos, which means to judge.

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Now, If we think about our own judgments of what the word critic might mean, we usually hold it in quite a negative light.

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So usually we think of critics being very negative towards the subject matter in which they're critiquing.

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And that word criticism is usually got negative connotations that go alongside it.

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But we also, you know, might be aware of the work of different critics.

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So on the left of your screen, you've got Ali Plum, who is the Radio One film critic.

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And you'll be aware that a lot of his work is incredibly positive.

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And he tries to show the positives of the films that he's reviewing.

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Likewise, we might know films like Ratatouille where we've got the critic on the right

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and you know him being incredibly negative towards all the dishes

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apart from at the very end bit of a spoiler there with a Ratatouille dish.

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So that word "critic" or "critical" usually has negative connotations, but that isn't what critical thinking necessarily is.

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It's not just judging.

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Anyone can make a judgment and give an opinion on something.

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It takes no special training to do that.

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And it's very easy for people to go online to offer an opinion, to offer a judgment, and to say that that's them thinking critically.

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Really what we need to do is we need to.

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approach critical thinking as a discipline.

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So you'll notice at the top that critical thinking has a capital C and a capital T.

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And the reason for that is that this has to be approached as a process.

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So critical thinking operates by trying to train people to become critical thinkers.

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And that's what we're aiming towards with this particular course.

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So if we're a critical thinker, the first thing that we need to do is we need to direct our attention to

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our focus and our focus is what we call texts.

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Now in history and other disciplines we might refer to these as sources

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but texts or sources are essentially where information or where arguments or where persuasive points have been written or communicated on.

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So it might be the form of an online article, it might be a book, it might be a magazine entry, it might be a television programme,

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a tweet, it can be a YouTube video, it could be this, anything whatsoever where people are communicating ideas.

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Now, Texts.

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Oh.

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are produced for a particular purpose

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but we can't just see them in isolation we've got to know a little bit about where that text has come from.

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So as part of this process of critical thinking we have to consider who has made

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that particular text and we call that the author.

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So the author can be an organisation, an institution, it can be an expert,

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it might be somebody just passing judgment but we need to consider that as well. of the particular text.

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Now, The audience might be somebody who is being quite passive, they might be quite active, they might be a reader, a watcher, a listener.

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What we need to concern ourselves with is...

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us being that critical audience.

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So as a critical thinker we need to change our approach in how we try

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and receive that information from the text and how we approach that.

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So, If we're approaching a text as a critical thinker and as part of that critical audience,

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we need to do three things.

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And these three things make up the assessment objectives of this particular paper.

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So the first thing that we need to do is we need to analyze the that particular text.

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Now that's identifying what are the key parts to the text.

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You might see a lot of people highlighting as they're reading and that's something that

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there's no actual empirical evidence to suggest that it particularly works, highlighting, but it's a way in which people try and organise

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the analysis or that analysis stage of their critical thinking approach to that text.

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And what they're trying to do is they're trying to understand the meaning of the text,

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breaking it down maybe into a more manageable bite sized chunk and processing what it might mean.

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The second assessment objective is to evaluate.

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Now that's judging as a process and we've talked about critiquing before as something that critics might do,

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but that's judging either in a positive or a negative manner how successful the text is.

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Now that can be in the form of how effective that particular text has been in forming an argument.

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It might be judging its credibility.

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So if I'm Ali Plumb, for example, and I was watching a film, I would be analysing it.

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I would be noting down what the key parts I would try and understand their meaning, the key themes.

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And then my evaluation would be judging the success of that particular film,

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judging the credibility of the arguments that has been formed or tried to be portrayed during that particular film.

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And that would make up that evaluation component.

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one that we're really really focused on for this thinking skills course

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and not only do we want people to pass judgment

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but we want people to give further arguments and that's giving your response to the text

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So some of the questions which are posed during this Thinking Skills course and questions that you might get in your examination, you might not know anything about before.

188

But you'd be asked to read different pieces of text, you'd be asked to pass judgment in the form of an evaluation after analysing it and give your opinions as well.

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And that can be on a range of different topics.

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So the skills that are trying to be introduced through this course mean

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that you can hopefully apply that to any kind of information that you're shown.

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So let's take an example for this first week

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and this is the first video

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and what we could do is we could start off incredibly patronizing

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and we could go through the very very minute details of what forms an argument

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and how we analyze and how we evaluate but it's important

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that we build this up through time and I At the very start, what the AS Cambridge course suggests that you do is

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You jump in right at the deep end

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and see what your skills are like and before we do any specific teaching on how we can improve them.

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So let's take this particular article, it's from the Guardian, And you can see the hyperlink at the top.

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And again, you could note it down, copy it into a browser or alternatively, you can go to Google

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and type in how will the world emerge from the coronavirus crisis and put the Guardian as well.

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and it's something that perhaps you'll be able to engage with as something that might be quite interesting.

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The title is about how perhaps we can't go back to normal and how coronavirus will change the world.

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if you have a look at that picture you might start to think about

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perhaps what the argument might be from the author of this, a gentleman called Baker.

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So what I'd like you to do is I'd like to read this particular article.

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It's not going to be a quick article.

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It's going to take maybe a bit of time.

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I'm not going to give you any advice about how to analyse it.

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how to evaluate it, how to offer your own judgement

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and I just want to see how you cope with this particular task to start with.

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And I do have some questions for you that I'd like to go through next week in next week's video.

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The questions are relatively short, but it's going to take you a bit of time to consider some points for this.

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So firstly, what is the argument put forward by Baker?

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If you go back to that previous picture, you might already have a bit of an idea just by looking at the picture itself.

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And that's really that analysis stage.

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What techniques has Baker used to support his argument as well?

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judgment.

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Thank you.

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Finally, are you persuaded by the argument that Baker has put forward?

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And if not, why not?

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So it's not about just being critical.

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It's not just saying, oh, I don't agree with things.

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And in this era of fake news, that's something that a lot of people will go to as their initial thought process.

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I don't agree with something and I've got to be sceptical about it.

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Critical thinkers don't do that.

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So my advice...

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when you're reading this is is five things firstly Be open -minded and fair.

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You might already have an opinion about the Guardian.

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Put that to aside.

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Secondly, Try to be active and informed.

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If there are things that you don't understand as you're reading, it might be worth just going on Google, getting a book, having a look as to what they are.

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So if you don't know what the Black Death is, for example.

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Just go on Google, find out what it is.

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Thirdly, be skeptical, to a degree don't go overboard don't think that everything

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that you read is wrong but don't necessarily believe everything

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that you read as well it's it's treading a fine balance

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and obviously we'll be going through this at a later stage as well be independent as well

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so by independent doesn't mean that you have to just read this all by yourself It's important to listen to others,

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but it might be that you want to read other information whilst you're reading that particular Guardian article.

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So show that independence, not just to do the bog standard thing that has been set here.

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And finally, and this is the advice from Cambridge and I think it's quite pertinent as well, is to be brave about this.

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If you've got a judgement, if you've got an opinion about what Baker has put forward

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and you might agree with it and you might want to add further points or you might disagree with it, then put forward that particular approach.

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Too often at GCSE and A -level standards students are wary of offering their opinions in case they are wrong.

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Now, at this particular stage, we're at the very, very embryonic process of critical thinking.

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So we're not going to get it right.

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And as a consequence, try and be brave.

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Have conversations with your family members about what you're reading.

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Pass on what you're saying.

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Ask for their opinions.

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Challenge them.

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Put forward what you think as well.

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So I'll be posting these videos every single Monday.

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Thank you very much if you listened all the way to the end.

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And have a go at that prep work ready for next week.

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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: particular, thinking, skills, critical, text วิดีโอนี้มี 257 ประโยค และ 3663 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 21:54 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 167 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 88% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

คำที่ยากที่สุด 15 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:

คำศัพท์	คำอ่าน	ความหมาย
critic คำนาม	/ˈkɹɪt.ɪk/	นักวิจารณ์
thinker คำนาม	/ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/	นักคิด
folder คำนาม	/ˈfoʊldɚ/	โฟลเดอร์
coronavirus คำนาม	/kəˈɹoʊnəˌvaɪɹəs/	โคโรนาไวรัส, ไวรัสโคโรนา
lockdown คำนาม	/ˈlɑkˌdaʊn/	ล็อกดาวน์
circumstance คำนาม	/ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/	กรณี, สถานการณ์
textbook คำนาม	/ˈtɛkst.bʊk/	ตำราเรียน, ตำรา
critique คำนาม	/kɹɪˈtiːk/	บทวิจารณ์
analyze คำกริยา	/ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/	วิเคราะห์
hyperlink คำนาม	/ˈhaɪpə(ɹ)ˌlɪŋk/	ไฮเปอร์ลิงก์, ลิงก์
patronize คำกริยา	/ˈpætɹəˌnaɪz/	อุดหนุน
preposition คำนาม	/ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/	บุพบท, บุรพบท
listener คำนาม	/ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/	ผู้ฟัง
spoiler คำนาม	/ˈspɔɪ.lɚ/	สปอยเลอร์
calculator คำนาม	/kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/	เครื่องคิดเลข

กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน

คำศัพท์	ความหมาย
bring up คำกริยา	เลี้ยงดู, ฟูมฟัก
go back คำกริยา	กลับไป

ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ

ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:

It's not something that we've offered before.
We'll then look at critical reasoning.
Pass on what you're saying.

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้าง	ในวิดีโอ
Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน	we've offered · hasn't taught · you've watched
Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ	is expected · is accepted · is recognised
Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ	course, which are · Board which is · website, which will

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 93 ครั้ง เช่น we're, you're, you've ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน

เสียง “th”: thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, thirdly /ˈθɚdli/
เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: qualification /ˌkwɑlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, connotation /ˌkɑnəˈteɪʃən/, apprenticeship /əˈpɹɛn.tɪs.ʃɪp/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/
คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: qualification /ˌkwɑlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, critically /ˈkɹɪt.ɪ.kə.li/, connotation /ˌkɑnəˈteɪʃən/, coronavirus /kəˈɹoʊnəˌvaɪɹəs/, alternatively /ɔlˈtɝ.nə.tɪv.li/

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง critic, thinker, folder เป็นพิเศษ

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →

ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Like

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