ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Michelangelo - the Greatest Artist of All Time?
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1
Pieter, David, the Sistine Chapel, the dome of St. Peter's Basilica, is Michelangelo the greatest artist of all time?
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Michelangelo Broranotti was born in the small village of Caprice in Tuscany, Italy on the 6th of March 1475.
3
He was born into a family that didn't have a particularly high status.
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They had minor nobility, but at the time Michelangelo was born, even their status was lost.
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When he was still an infant, the family moved to Florence, where he lived until the age of six.
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When he was still young, his mother became fatally ill, which resulted in Michelangelo being placed with a family of stone cutters.
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He describes the experience like this.
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With my wet nurse milk, I sucked in the hammer and chisels I used for my statues.
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When he grew a little bit older, his father sent him to Florence to study grammar, but Michelangelo did not want to be like his father.
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He wanted to be an artist.
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He was amazed by the artistic transition the city was going through.
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He would rush from his classes to the churches to look at the artist's work and process, serving as the perfect inspiration for what he wanted for his life.
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Even though being an artist was in his father's eyes a step down in the social hierarchy,
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He ended up sending Michelangelo to study as an apprentice with the artist Domenico Ghirlandaio in Florence.
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Michelangelo was known to be overconfident with a loud mouth, which apparently caused some trouble with his fellow student.
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There's a story that one student broke his nose, leaving it permanently disfigured.
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The student describes this incident like this.
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I gave him such a blow on the nose that I felt bone and cartilage go down like biscuit beneath my knuckles.
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The student later bragged, and this mark of mine he will carry with him to the grave.
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Michelangelo was supposed to have apprenticed for three years, but left after just one.
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Supposedly he had nothing left to learn.
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Whether this was because of his confidence, or maybe it was because of this man.
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Lorenzo de' Medici, also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent, asked Michelangelo's teacher for his best pupils,
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and Michelangelo along with another student sent to the Medicis Humanist Academy in Florence.
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Lorenzo really took a liking to Michelangelo and acted as a fatherly figure for him.
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In the two years he spent there, he actually moved in with the Medicis.
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The family was one of the most powerful families in Italy at the time.
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They had a huge art collection, which meant that Michelangelo had access to fantastic paintings, sculptures and other artwork that he could learn from and be inspired by.
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There's this interesting story about Lorenzo and Michelangelo.
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When Michelangelo had sculpted a Greek-style Cupid sculpture and
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when Lorenzo saw the sculpture he suggested that Michelangelo could make it look like it had been buried and dug up.
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If it did that, Lorenzo could sell it in Rome
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and it would pass for an antique which would drive up the price.
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Michelangelo agreed to go along with the fraudulent sale and the sculpture was sold to the cardinal Raphael Riadio.
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Later on the cardinal was told about the fraud and eventually got his money back.
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But he was so impressed with the skills of Michelangelo that he invited him to Rome.
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This invitation ended up having a huge impact on Michelangelo's life and career.
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He was commissioned to do several works in Rome
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and the one piece that truly put him on the map
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and pushed his career forward was when he was commissioned in 1498 to create the sculpture Pieta.
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The sculpture shows the Virgin Mary with the body of Christ in her lap after his crucifixion.
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He created the sculpture from a single piece of marble
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and Michelangelo claimed it was the most perfect block of marble he had ever worked with.
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He described the block like this.
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The sculpture was within the marble itself and
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that it was his job to merely remove the excess in order to free the image inside.
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A fun fact about the sculpture is that it's actually the only artwork Michelangelo ever signed.
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And I think the reason speaks a bit to his temper.
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Apparently there was a rumor that the sculpture was created by another artist and this pissed him off.
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So to leave no doubt about the creator, he signed the sculpture across the body of Virgin Mary.
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He apparently regretted this later on and never signed any of his work again.
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The sculpture became an instant success and people flocked to see this masterpiece.
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The famous art historian Giorgio Vasari described it like this.
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It is certainly a miracle
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that a formless block of stone could ever have been reduced to a perfection
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that nature is scarcely able to create in the flesh.
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Razzari was known to exaggerate what he wrote about artists, especially Michelangelo.
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But in this statement, I think he was right.
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The sculpture took about two years to complete.
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When he began, he was only 23 years old.
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Let that sing in.
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After the success of De Pieter, Michelangelo was commissioned in 1501 to sculpt another one of his most famous works of art, the sculpture of David.
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Just to get a little personal here, this is my absolute favorite sculpture ever created.
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I was lucky enough to visit Florence last summer and see it, and it's truly a sight to see.
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I knew it was big, but standing in front of it and imagining Michelangelo chiseling away at a marble piece this big was just remarkable.
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The masterpiece is a sculpture more than 5 meters tall of
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the biblical character David from the famous story of David and Goliath.
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Instead of creating David with the head of Goliath like many artists before, he created David right before their famous battle.
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With a slingshot over his left shoulder, with a subtle squint in his eyes, gazing at his opponent.
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I have read that the slingshot could be a nod to the renaissance ideal, that a man's victories are due to intellect and confidence, not brute strength.
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Michelangelo was known to be extremely picky about the marble he used for his sculptures.
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But for this sculpture he used a block of marble other artists had deemed unworkable.
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The marble slab had been carried nearly 40 years earlier for a series of sculptures.
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By the time Michelangelo began his work the marble slab had already marks of more than one sculpture.
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Despite the poor quality of the marble he still managed to create one of the most spectacular pieces of art ever created.
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Shortly after this he was working on a massive tomb for Pope Julius II in St. Peter's Basilica.
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But the project ran out of funds and got cancelled and Michelangelo left Rome for a time.
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But he was called back to Rome in 1508 to begin the biggest project of his life, painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
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A massive undertaking for any artist, but especially Michelangelo, who actually really didn't see himself as a painter, let alone painting frescoes.
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He was a sculptor by heart.
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I have even read that he saw painting as a lesser form of art.
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So when the commission came in, he actually didn't want to do it.
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But when the Pope comes knocking, you answer.
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Think about the work he ended up producing.
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That speaks volumes to his level of sheer commitment not to be a failure, and his skills as an artist.
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When he was painting the ceiling, despite what you might have heard, since it's a good story, he didn't paint it all by himself.
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He had multiple assistants helping him with the giant project.
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But it wasn't always easy being their assistants.
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In fact, most of them ended up being let go or left on their own during the process.
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All of the assistants that began the project ended up being replaced at different points.
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To give some context, Michelangelo was known to be a ruthless critic of himself, and in this case everybody that helped him had to meet his level since it was his name on the piece.
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So whether he fired them for lack of skills or they left because they couldn't take the grumpy artist, we don't know.
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Michelangelo was under significant pressure from the Catholic Church and the city, so when Pope Paul III visited with an entourage including Biagio di Sicina,
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the master of ceremonies, they didn't exactly ease the stress of the situation.
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Biagio expressed great disgust at the countless of naked figures depicted in the paintings, stating that they didn't deserve to be displayed anywhere better than the walls of a bar,
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and Michelangelo took that personally.
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So in response, Meglantulo painted Biagior as Minos, judge of the souls in hell, surrounded by serpents that were trying to bite his genitals.
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Pitiful, maybe, but kinda hilarious if you ask me.
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He painted the ceiling between 1508 and 1512, and by 1509 he was already drained from this physical and mental battle that went into it.
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In 1509 he sent a letter to a friend in which he wrote.
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I've already grown a goiter from this torture, hunched up like a cat in Lombardi, or anywhere else where the stagnant waters poison.
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My stomach squashed under my chin, my beards pointing at heaven, my brain crushed in a casket, my breasts twist like a harpies,
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my brush above me all the time dribbles paint, so my face makes a fine floor for droppings.
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My hunches are grinding into my guts, my poor ass drains to work as a counterweight.
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Every gesture I make is blind and aimless.
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My skin hangs loose below me.
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My spine's all knotted from folding over itself.
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I'm bent taut as a Syrian bow.
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Because I'm stuck like this, my thoughts are crazy.
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Perfidious tribe.
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Anyone shoots badly through a crooked blowpipe.
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My painting is dead.
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Defend it for me Giovanni.
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Protect my honor.
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I'm not in the right place.
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I'm not a painter.
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No matter what he might have felt about his skills, when the work on the Sistine Chapel was finally shown to the public, it was mostly received with an overwhelming amazement and awe.
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Giorgio Rosari wrote about the ceiling being shown to the public in 1512, and the sight of it was enough to reduce them to stunt silence.
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There was a constant struggle within himself and with the outside world.
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There are numerous stories about his temper and a description of an isolated and solitary individual.
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A bit arrogant and from time to time bitter.
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He didn't exactly have a fantastic relationship with all of his patrons.
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He had a poor relationship with Pope Julius II.
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As I stated earlier, Michelangelo spent three years working on a marble facade only for the Pope to cancel the project.
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I would have been a little bit pissed at my clients too.
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But it wasn't all bad.
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He found a champion in Pope Paul III who defended his
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work at Last Judgment after church officials deemed as many nude figures obscene.
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Michelangelo produced artwork for nine different Popes, so it's no wonder there are a couple of bad experiences.
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But it wasn't just his patrons he had clashed with.
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There are multiple stories about his relationship with his contemporary artist Raphael.
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While Michelangelo was working on the Sistine Chapel, Raphael was working on multiple frescoes in the closely located rooms, today called the Raphael Rooms.
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It is said that Raphael would sneak into the Sistine Chapel to look at the process of the sealing.
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Later on, after Raphael's death, Michelangelo wrote in a letter about him, complaining that everything Raphael knew about art he had gotten from him.
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And maybe there was a bit of resentment towards Raphael, because Raphael actually painted Michelangelo in one of the frescoes I just mentioned.
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One of his most famous pieces, and one of my absolute favorites, The School of Athens.
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Raphael painted Michelangelo sitting alone on the stairs, not looking particularly happy.
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Some scholars speculate that Raphael depicted Michelangelo to be the Greek philosopher Euclides, also nicknamed the Weeping Philosopher.
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Raphael wasn't the only rival of Michelangelo.
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Another artist you might have heard about that Michelangelo also seemed to have resented was Leonardo da Vinci.
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Rosari describes their contest during the decoration of Palazzo Reggio in Florence.
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The two artists were apparently on such bad terms
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that da Vinci left Florence to go to France just to get away from Michelangelo.
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Whether this is entirely true I'm not totally sure.
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However the words people use and have used to describe Michelangelo, one thing is for sure, he is the embodiment of a Renaissance man.
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In the later years of his life, he worked on a lot of architecture, for example the Medici chapel in Florence, as well as the dome of St. Peter's Basilica.
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But he never stopped working on sculptures.
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He died at the age of 88.
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And the week leading up to his death, he was still working on a sculpture he never finished, called the Rondannini Pieta.
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So, is Michelangelo the greatest artist of all time?
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It's hard to say.
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Art is of course objective, but taking his work and accomplishments into account, the Sistine Chapel, David and Pieter, just to name a few.
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He surely is one of the greatest artists who have ever lived, having created some of the most iconic and enduring works of art in history,
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which continue to inspire and captivate people from all around the world.
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I hope you enjoyed this video.
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I spent a ton of hours animating, researching, writing and editing it.
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I would really appreciate a comment and a like, and if you want to see more, consider subscribing.
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Thank you so much.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ B2 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Michelangelo - the Greatest Artist of All Time?” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: Michelangelo, sculpture, artist, Raphael, marble วิดีโอนี้มี 158 ประโยค และ 2311 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 12:58 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 178 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน มีเพียง 77% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ยากที่สุด 15 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| sculpture คำนาม | /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃɚ/ | รูปปั้น |
| marble คำนาม | /ˈmɑɹ.bəl/ | หินอ่อน |
| chapel คำนาม | /ˈt͡ʃæp.əl/ | โบสถ์น้อย, โบสถ์ |
| ceiling คำนาม | /ˈsilɪŋ/ | เพดาน |
| artwork คำนาม | /ˈɑɹtˌwɝk/ | งานศิลป์, อาร์ตเวิร์ก |
| chisel คำนาม | /ˈt͡ʃɪzəl/ | สิ่ว |
| slingshot คำนาม | /ˈslɪŋʃɒt/ | หนังสติ๊ก |
| apprentice คำนาม | /əˈpɹɛntɪs/ | ผู้ฝึกงาน |
| philosopher คำนาม | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | นักปราชญ์, นักปรัชญา |
| dome คำนาม | /dəʊm/ | โดม |
| painter คำนาม | /ˈpeɪntɚ/ | จิตรกร |
| cancel คำกริยา | /ˈkæn.sl̩/ | ขีดฆ่า |
| biscuit คำนาม | /ˈbɪs.kɪt/ | บิสกิต, ขนมปังกรอบ |
| cartilage คำนาม | /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/ | กระดูกอ่อน |
| crucifixion คำนาม | /ˌkɹuːsɪˈfɪkʃən/ | การตรึงกางเขน |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- My spine's all knotted from folding over itself.
- Because I'm stuck like this, my thoughts are crazy.
- I'm not in the right place.
- Whether this is entirely true I'm not totally sure.
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | was born · being placed · was amazed |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have been reduced · have read · have even read |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 20 ครั้ง เช่น didn't, I'm, wasn't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: fatherly /ˈfɑðɚli/, ruthless /ˈɹuːθləs/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: slingshot /ˈslɪŋʃɒt/, crucifixion /ˌkɹuːsɪˈfɪkʃən/, entourage /ˈɑn.tə.ɹɑʒ/, accomplishment /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/, decoration /ˌdɛkəˈɹeɪʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, crucifixion /ˌkɹuːsɪˈfɪkʃən/, exaggerate /ɛɡˈzæd͡ʒ.ə.ɹeɪt/, nobility /noʊˈbɪlɪti/, overconfident /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈkɒnfɪdənt/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: marble /ˈmɑɹ.bəl/, chapel /ˈt͡ʃæp.əl/, chisel /ˈt͡ʃɪzəl/, hunch /hʌnt͡ʃ/, apprentice /əˈpɹɛntɪs/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: captivate /ˈkæptəˌveɪt/, overconfident /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈkɒnfɪdənt/, overwhelm /ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɛlm/, invitation /ɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/, rival /ˈɹaɪvəl/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: chisel /ˈt͡ʃɪzəl/, amazement /əˈmeɪz.mənt/, exaggerate /ɛɡˈzæd͡ʒ.ə.ɹeɪt/, resent /ɹiˈzɛnt/, resentment /ɹɪˈzɛnt.mənt/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง sculpture, marble, chapel เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ