ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Our Kids' IQs Are Dropping. Is Big Tech to Blame?
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178 ประโยค
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For decades, the world's biggest tech companies have been selling a vision of the future directly to American schools.
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We've got this device or this program or this app.
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The future is digital.
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Where their products are supposed to bring education into the 21st century.
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It's an incredible value proposition for schools.
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It's going to make your kids smarter and make your teachers happier, streamline all your processes and so on.
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But underneath the hype is a disturbing trend.
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Take a look at this graph.
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On the test known as the nation's report card, scores have been declining since 2012.
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Around the same time, tech companies began selling personal devices to American classrooms at scale.
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This is a massive, uncontrolled experiment.
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Kids are learning less.
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Their thinking is far more shallow.
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There have been some winners in all of this.
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Companies like Google have seen enormous success getting their products in
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front of a young audience with a lifetime of buying ahead of them.
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Even if you got this Chromebook free now, you're a customer for life.
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Why did we allow schools to become
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Silicon Valley profit centers?
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We talked to teachers, parents, and experts about how the tech industry invaded American schools, what their real motivations are, and the impact on students.
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Because now big tech has launched a new push to disrupt education again using the same playbook.
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And this time, the technology is even more untested.
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My name is Kirsta Bowman.
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I teach band, music technology, and choir.
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I'm teaching band, and kids are each supposed to have an instrument like a trumpet or a clarinet or a flute.
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And I look up and I have a trumpet player with their Chromebook open.
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They're trying to hack Roblox.
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And then I have a flute player trying to watch a K -pop drama on her Chromebook.
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If I put them away, kids will come in, where's the Chromebooks?
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Where's the Chromebooks?
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In 2011, Google launched a new product with a lot of hype.
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When you run
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Chrome OS on notebooks, you end up with a very different, unique experience.
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We call those Chromebooks.
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At first, the Chromebook was kind of a flop.
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By design, it had fewer features than a regular laptop, limited to what you could do on Google Chrome.
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Early reviews panned it, and sales weren't great.
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But Google did have one advantage with the Chromebook.
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Chromebooks are very inexpensive.
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By the end of 2011, some Chromebook models were selling for as little as $300, much cheaper than other laptops on the market.
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Google started marketing these cheaper alternatives to schools and teachers.
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We hope, you know, this model will help more schools take the leap.
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This Chromebook has everything a teacher could need.
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They knew to go to teachers and get teachers and then their districts to serve as ambassadors.
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It just took our walls and blown away.
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These machines can go anywhere.
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We have now just gone citywide, statewide.
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It gives us the power of the entire Google team.
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It's almost like Google is part of our team now.
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By 2016, Chromebooks made up more than half of the 13 million devices purchased by U .S schools.
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But the Chromebook was only one part of the push to get more tech into schools that has completely reshaped the classroom,
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and not necessarily for the better.
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To understand why, we need to go beyond the marketing pitch and look at the industry's real motivations.
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It includes the companies that are providing the technologies, and it also includes investors that influence what the companies do.
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The industry is known as EdTech.
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Over the past two decades, EdTech has exploded as an industry.
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It includes everything from the devices that kids learn on to what they're learning, how teachers give quizzes and plan lessons, and so on.
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Google is one example of that.
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It provides the Google Workspace for Education and Google Classroom and then all of the other services like YouTube and Search.
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The edtech market in the U .S has more than tripled since 2012.
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And it's expected to grow by more than $100 billion in the next 10 years.
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One big reason for the growth is how tech companies seized the opportunity when COVID shut down classrooms.
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The tech industry, particularly Google and Microsoft, really presented tech as the solution for schools,
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to the exclusion of other options like outdoor learning.
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Chromebook sales worldwide more than doubled during the pandemic, mostly because of how many schools are buying the devices.
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But the devices have stuck around.
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It was successfully translated into a new normal because now it's assumed that schools will be using a lot of technology.
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They're expected to do all of this work on their computers.
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They're expected to type essays.
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They're expected to submit work on Google Classroom through surveys, through forms.
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Even with enormous growth in Chromebook sales and fees Google makes from Chromebooks used in schools, the company is making most of its money elsewhere,
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mainly from Google search and advertising.
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So why is Google so interested in education?
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You've got this captive audience of children.
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If they are growing up in school, getting used to a Google environment,
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that's very likely what they're going to use later when they get out of school.
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There's also something else that's valuable in schools.
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They collect a lot of data from children in schools.
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That's a tremendous amount of data that's super valuable and basically cradled a grave, be mined and tracked.
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Google has said it doesn't store student data or target kids with advertising.
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But just this year, the company paid a $30 million settlement with parents who claim
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that YouTube collected data of kids under the age of 13.
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They also settled another lawsuit alleging they collected and stored students' biometric data.
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And they're facing more legal action.
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A group of California parents say Google uses student data to create intimately detailed profiles on school -aged children,
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and then uses that profile to market products and services.
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Just being made to use this at school every day without understanding what it's taking from you, that is its own type of harm.
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It's clear what Google and other ed tech companies are getting from kids.
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A stable market, valuable data, and potential customers for life.
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But there are reasons to be concerned about what our kids are getting in return.
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We've had data for over 60 years, over half a century, on what happens when tech goes into schools.
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Unfortunately, it's been bad for 60 years.
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My name is Dr. Jared Cooney -Horvath and I am a neuroscientist who focuses on human learning, memory, and attention.
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A test called the Program for International Student Assessment has found that scores have declined globally in reading, math, and science for more than a decade.
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You always see declines in scores when kids use tech more.
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And the more countries invest in tech, the faster those scores start to go down.
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And in the US, fewer than 30 % of eighth graders last year were proficient in reading and math.
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If you ever see a teacher who's been in a classroom for over 20 years, they will flat out tell you,
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kids are learning less, memory is down, attention is down, general IQ is down.
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The only thing up is ability to process visual scenes.
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But we know our biology hasn't changed, so realistically you can't say that their attention is worse.
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There's a scientific explanation for this.
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Multitasking is hands down the worst thing you can do for learning and memory and attention.
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Once we get onto a screen, it's like, let me open this tab, let me scroll this, let me just check this.
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The average attention span on screens has plummeted from two and a half minutes in 2003
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to just 44 seconds in recent years.
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They've trained themselves for thousands of hours a year to use this tool in one way, rapid jumping.
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Now we say time to think, six minutes into it, they go right back to rapid jumping.
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It's a pure training thing.
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This is why schools have always been so highly focused.
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We have 50 minutes where you're in a quiet classroom.
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We got a book, we got a teacher, we got a board.
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Let's go.
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Beyond the impact of devices on learning, we're also seeing problems in other areas.
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The number of high school students reporting symptoms of depression has risen since 2011, jumping to 40 % of high schoolers by 2023.
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And numerous studies have found a link between excessive screen time and isolation.
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There's a lot of talk now about the effect of social media on kids and kids being very anxious and depressed.
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And it's hard to distinguish where social media ends and edtech starts.
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A lot of these kids are taught that these iPads and Chromebooks are to help with emotional regulation.
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They're upset or they're struggling either in school or at home or somewhere else.
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A teacher or another adult is like, oh just go on your Chromebook, listen to music, watch YouTube,
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you know, go on your tablet, play some games.
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I had an eighth grade class last year that I did struggle with behavior wise.
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By the third quarter, just none of them were submitting anything online anymore.
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So I said screw it, I'm just giving them all like paper assessments.
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And a lot of kids started participating way more.
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A lot of grades went way up.
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In the past few years, lawmakers have started banning cell phones in schools, saying they're bad for mental health and distract from learning.
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That's opened the door to countries also saying, well, wait a second, what about all this other tech?
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That's not really seeming to help much.
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Last year, the Swedish government announced an effort to emphasize traditional learning like books and handwriting as opposed to using digital devices.
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I believe that you should only use digital teaching materials with older children.
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Young children shouldn't be exposed to screens at all.
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And some places around the U .S are starting to rethink the role of other devices, too.
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While the kids go back to school, state lawmakers will head back to the state capitol soon to talk about
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if other screens are just as much of a problem.
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Wake County Public Schools taking a closer look at its digital entry technology footprint, one of those key items up for consideration, the Chromebook.
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But while policymakers and districts debate the devices currently in their schools,
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the ed tech industry has a shiny new toy to hold its place in the classroom.
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We have a new tool in education, sort of like a calculator for words.
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I think resisting it is probably a bad idea.
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That doesn't usually work.
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Some of the same big tech companies are now in the race for the next generation, this time with new AI products.
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Google has implemented its Gemini chatbot into its education suite, while OpenAI recently formed a partnership with Canvas, a major ed -tech learning platform.
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And the pitch sounds familiar.
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It's very similar to the way it was when we first started seeing laptops offered.
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This is the future.
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This is a tool that students are going to need to know how to use.
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Marketing that says that kids will be at a loss if they don't know how to use it, if they're not using it now.
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The federal government has thrown its full weight behind AI in education.
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This next executive order relates to artificial intelligence education, sir.
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That's a big deal because AI is where it seems to be at.
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We have literally trillions of dollars being invested in AI.
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And in July, a group of parents and activists concerned about AI in schools met with a White House official.
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And this is what they were told.
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China is, quote, eating our lunch regarding AI advancements, so that in order to create an AI -ready workforce, we have to start early.
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In January, the Department of Education announced that it would prioritize federal grants to AI initiatives.
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Google and other major tech companies, including Apple, Amazon, and Meta, have also signed a pledge to train American kids how to use AI.
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More AI in schools means a revenue stream for companies that are so far struggling to turn AI products into profit.
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Tech companies are companies.
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They're like anything else.
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They're going to lie to us to sell products.
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They have one job, make money.
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It's our job to vet their claims.
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And recent studies suggest that frequently relying on AI tools could diminish critical thinking.
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It could flood the curriculum with misinformation because generative AI often provides misinformation, wrong answers.
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It is not a learning tool.
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It is an offloading tool.
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It is the surest way to make sure kids avoid the process of thinking.
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AI is still so new that we don't know all the ways it'll impact education.
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But here's what we do know.
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While the tech industry has been wildly successful at getting its products into every inch of the classroom, students don't seem to be doing any better.
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So it's worth asking, what's the rush before we know for sure?
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If you think the primary function of school is learning, then literally every decision we make has to hinge back on what is better for learning.
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This is an uncontrolled experiment that we have to stop.
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We have to say enough is enough and let's just hold off.
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Let's do some studies and figure out what the long -run effects are
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and maybe where the sweet spot is in tech usage because where it is right now is we know it's way, way over the top.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Our Kids' IQs Are Dropping. Is Big Tech to Blame?” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: Google, Chromebook, tech, learning, companies วิดีโอนี้มี 146 ประโยค และ 2279 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 12:56 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 176 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 85% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| classroom คำนาม | /ˈklɑːsɹʊm/ | ห้องเรียน |
| collect คำกริยา | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | เก็บ, สะสม |
| laptop คำนาม | /ˈlæp.tɑp/ | คอมพิวเตอร์วางตัก, แล็ปท็อป |
| pitch คำนาม | /pɪt͡ʃ/ | การขว้าง |
| experiment คำนาม | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | การทดลอง |
| invest คำกริยา | /ɪnˈvɛst/ | ลงทุน, ลงทุนลงแรง |
| submit คำกริยา | /səbˈmɪt/ | ยอมแพ้, ยอม |
| enormous คำคุณศัพท์ | /ɪˈnɔː.məs/ | มหึมา |
| motivation คำนาม | /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/ | แรงจูงใจ |
| eighth คำคุณศัพท์ | /eɪtθ/ | ที่แปด |
| mathematics คำนาม | /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/ | คณิตศาสตร์ |
| trumpet คำนาม | /ˈtɹʌmpɪt/ | ทรัมเป็ต |
| flute คำนาม | /flu(ː)t/ | ฟลุต, ขลุ่ย |
| necessarily คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ | /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ | ต้อง |
| harm คำนาม | /hɑːm/ | ความเสียหาย |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- You've got this captive audience of children.
- They're going to lie to us to sell products.
- It's our job to vet their claims.
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — การกระทำที่เริ่มก่อนหน้านี้และยังดำเนินอยู่ | have been selling · have been declining |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have been · have seen · has launched |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | is known · was successfully translated · be mined |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 31 ครั้ง เช่น they're, don't, doesn't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: eighth /eɪtθ/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, rethink /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, partnership /ˈpɑɹtnɚʃɪp/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: pitch /pɪt͡ʃ/, enormous /ɪˈnɔː.məs/, eighth /eɪtθ/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, rush /ɹʌʃ/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, grave /ɡɹeɪv/, activist /ˈæk.tɪ.vɪst/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: resist /ɹɪˈzɪst/, translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/, proposition /ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/, quiz /kwɪz/, seize /ˈsiːz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง classroom, collect, laptop เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ