ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Short Stuff: Great Britain | STUFF YOU SHOULD KNOW
กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
1
Hey and welcome to The Short Stuff.
2
I'm Josh, there's Chuck, and Jerry's here too, sitting in for date.
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And we're all Danes and...
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lads and nights and All that stuff here at Stuff You Should Know.
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Yeah.
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I feel like this one is long overdue
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because we have gotten a lot of email over the years about us screwing up the difference between Britain
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and England and the United Kingdom.
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Never again.
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Well, hopefully never again, and hopefully we get all this right.
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I do want to say in our defense, though, or at least my defense, A lot of times I have said England for somebody who was from England.
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Mm -hmm.
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And people have called me out and said, you can't just say England if it's, you know, Britain or the UK or something.
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And I'm like, but they were born in London.
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I can't say they're English.
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What you didn't know is the person who called you out is from California.
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Probably so.
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So yeah, we're going to try to get this right, and we will try to continue in the future.
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But hey, we're only human, but flesh and blood.
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Some men...
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So we might get it wrong eventually at some point.
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That's right.
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So I guess we should start out by saying that the UK, the United Kingdom, isn't the same thing as saying Great Britain.
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The UK has a longer name.
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It's the United Kingdom.
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Officially, it's the United Kingdom of Great Britain in Northern Ireland.
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With a mouthful.
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It is.
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So they just say UK, but it is a nation state of four countries, which is England.
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Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
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That's right.
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So what's Great Britain?
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Okay, that was the UK.
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I think we should go over it three more times.
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That's the stuff you should know, way.
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Great Britain is an actual geographical area, the physical land mass that England, Scotland, and Wales share.
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The island.
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It is.
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It's the island of Great.
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Well, Great Britain.
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Yeah.
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Like Greece.
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It's the UK, except Northern Ireland is not part of Great Britain because it's on a different island.
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Right?
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That's right.
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It's still part of the UK.
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It's just not part of Great Britain.
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I don't think they care either.
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Yeah.
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Northern Ireland, as you would guess, is on the northern tip of Ireland.
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Just a tip.
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also an island next door to Great Britain.
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I'm so afraid we're going to screw this up still.
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We're not.
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We're not.
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We can read everything verbatim.
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How about that?
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I've not been this nervous in a long time recording an episode.
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Okay.
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So we've got Great Britain.
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It's an island.
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It's an island off the coast of mainland Europe.
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A big one.
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England, Scotland, and Wales all share it.
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Mm -hmm.
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So to the west of Great Britain, as we said, is Ireland a different island.
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And there's Northern Ireland and Ireland.
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Are we really doing this?
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Sure.
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And the reason that there's Northern Ireland and in Ireland is that Ireland broke away from the British crown in 1922.
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Northern Ireland said, no, we're going to stay, which is why Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom as well.
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Just not part of Great Britain, everybody.
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Yeah.
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That's right.
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We have another term that we need to mention, which is the British Isles, also a geographical term.
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Can be a little dodgy as far as, I'm not sure how controversial it is.
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Pretty controversial.
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Yeah, so these islands are, like there are thousands of these islands off the coast of northwest Europe.
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very bravely going out on a limb and saying the Isle of Wight.
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That's pretty brave.
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I would not do that.
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I didn't look that up, but I think so.
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But like I said, several thousand of these islands and some of these islands, like the Isle of Man, for one, are not part of the United Kingdom.
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They are like politically tied to a degree, but technically they are a distinct thing.
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We think.
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That's right.
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Let's take a break.
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All right.
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Let's take a breath.
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All right.
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So there's I hope it's been clear so far.
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We've said everything three times.
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The issue of governance is also at hand because at various times over the years, and we're not going to dig too deeply into this because we're trying to have fun here.
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But like there have been the idea that like Scotland may want to break away or Wales may want to break away.
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I think the last time Scotland tried was 2014.
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This notion has been lobbed out there before, but we're not going to wade too deeply into that.
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We just thought it was worth mentioning.
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No, but it's, and yes, thank you for mentioning it, Chuck.
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You did a great job just now.
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Thanks.
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But like you said, the United Kingdom is a nation state.
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It's a sovereign state and it's made up of four member countries, which again is England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
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Right.
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So I didn't realize this at all, but it does make sense because you know that there's.
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Scottish officials in Parliament, there's Welsh officials in Parliament, Northern Irish officials in Parliament, they're all coming together Because Parliament,
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I always thought it was just English.
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Parliament is actually UK.
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It's the governing legislating body of the entire United Kingdom, not England.
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That's right.
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Wales, I think, or I believe Northern Ireland, they established the Northern Ireland Assembly in 1998.
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I believe that Scotland did that in 1999.
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And also Wales, they all have their own national assemblies in addition to having their own parliamentary reps.
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right?
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- Yeah.
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Yes, people come and give short programs encouraging them to not do drugs.
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It's those kind of assemblies.
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Right.
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And then England doesn't have a sovereign legislature of its own.
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Scott Lynn does.
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Wales is?
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And Northern Ireland does but not England.
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That's right.
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until 25 years ago, none of them had independent lawmaking bodies.
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None of those countries did outside of Parliament.
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But like I said, the other three did.
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England still doesn't.
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The Union Jack, if you're wondering, is literally a union.
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That's, I guess, why it's called that, of the three flags of England, Scotland and Ireland.
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And Wales is just like, what about us?
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And they're like, no, you're not technically a kingdom.
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So you're not going to be part of the Union Jack.
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And Wales is like, thanks a lot.
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Right.
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Well, then we're independent.
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I thought he was Irish.
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He's Welsh.
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Yeah, he's Welsh.
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I know super furry animals are Welsh.
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Oh, buddy.
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They blew my mind opening up for Granddaddy in L .A in the early 2000s.
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One of the best shows I've ever seen.
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He told me that.
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It's fantastic.
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What a band.
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Um, let's just go one more step here, Chuck.
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Oh boy.
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So you said that you were called out for calling people from England English, which is dumb.
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"not what you did being called out for," because it's true.
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The people you would call English are people from England.
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You wouldn't call anyone else in the United Kingdom or Great Britain English because they're not English.
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They're either Scottish.
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Welsh, or Northern Irish.
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That's right.
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It gets a little dodgy, I think, because I think Americans are known for just hearing an accent and just saying English.
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I'm not one of those people.
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I can generally differentiate between certainly Scottish, Irish, and English. But Welsh?
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I don't know.
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Welsh is an interesting accent.
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And I've gotten decent at some of the accents within England itself.
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in Scotland and Ireland, but I've had friends from both Scotland and Ireland over the years, and it's a very distinct accent.
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I think the Scottish accent is probably my favorite accent in the world.
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- Scottish and Irish are both, and then it depends on where you're from.
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Like if I had a friend from Glasgow in college, Cotton, and I could barely, like when her friends came over, I could barely understand a word they said when they got to drinking too much.
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And even Cotton at times, I won't call her Karen.
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But I eventually, after being friends with her for a couple years in college, could sort of work it out.
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It's much easier outside of Glasgow for me to understand.
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But I do a lot of subtitles with Irish and Scottish cop shows, for sure.
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Yeah, for sure.
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You have to.
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Definitely.
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Yeah.
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Yeah.
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Even like English sometimes, like an English show, if they start talking fast, they can't quite keep up.
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Yeah.
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Or it depends on where they're from.
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Man, what was the one?
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Oh, I can't remember.
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It was a great little short series about a series of murders in the 70s.
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The Yorkshire Ripper one?
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Yeah, maybe that was it.
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The Long Shadow was amazing.
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Yeah, I watched that whole thing on subtitles, too.
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Yeah, what was the word that they used a lot?
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I can't remember.
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No. Mate?
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No, no, no, no, no, no. What else you got?
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Smart guy.
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Pop instead of Coke.
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Pudding.
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Right.
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But they're talking about dessert.
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It blows my mind.
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I can't remember.
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There was one word that they used a lot just in the everyday vernacular that, you know, the subtitles helped me out with it.
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But I thought it was a cool accent.
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I liked it.
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Yeah, if you haven't seen it, it's definitely worth watching.
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It's very, very well done.
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Yeah, very good.
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Agreed.
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One other thing, though, if you are ever talking to somebody from the UK who's not English
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and you comment on their English accent, how much you like it, and they call you out, the way out of it is to say, no, I was commenting on how you were speaking the English language.
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I love the accent you use for that.
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And there will start getting stars and birds swirling over their head and you just creep away while they're confused.
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whether or not somebody is British, obviously, if they're not from England, they're not English.
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But if they're part of Great Britain, I don't know how people personally feel about that.
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My guess is that people from Scotland are like, I'm Scottish, and they wouldn't refer to themselves as British.
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And somebody from Northern Ireland or from Wales would say I'm Irish or I'm Welsh and not British.
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But, I mean, maybe they say I'm Scottish.
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and then British or something, I don't know.
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They probably don't even put it like that.
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That's probably just some dumb American thing.
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Well, this was Dave Ruse's joint on how stuff works.
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And he talked to his, I think, brother -in -law, Tim, who's, from England.
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And Tim says that the English are more likely to say that they're British first and English second.
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So the opposite of the Welsh and the Scottish and the Irish.
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Yeah.
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So one other thing, Chuck, not only is there the United Kingdom, but the United Kingdom also technically...
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includes the Commonwealth nations that include Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Jamaica, Bermuda, which we're going to be at on our Virgin Cruise.
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That's right.
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Mind -blowingly, the Virgin Islands, which also ties into our Virgin voyage.
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Yeah, the British Virgin Islands.
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Aren't there American Virgin Islands?
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Yeah.
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The AVI and the BVI.
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Yeah.
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And then the Caymans, which apparently is not a great shelter for your money like it used to be in the 80s.
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Did you try to move some?
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Got stymied?
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Yeah.
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I think that's it, right?
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Yeah, I got nothing else.
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I'm so ready for this one to be over before I say something wrong, even though that probably happened like five times already.
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I think you did a great job, man.
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I really do.
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Congratulations, buddy.
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We're done and we'll never get it wrong again.
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That's right.
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All right.
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Short Stuff is out.
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Stuff You Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio.
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For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 242 ประโยค และ 2021 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 12:23 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 163 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 87% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงตามได้ง่าย
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่พบไม่บ่อย 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
- technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/ (คำกริยาวิเศษณ์) — วิชาการ. Based on precise facts, which, however, may be contrary to common belief or casual terminology.
- depend /dɪˈpɛnd/ (คำกริยา) — พึ่ง. To be contingent or conditioned; to have something as a necessary condition
- podcast /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ (คำนาม) — พอดแคสต์, พอดคาสต์. A program, especially an audio program, produced on a regular basis, delivered over the Internet in a compressed digital format and designed for playback on…
- confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ (คำคุณศัพท์) — สับสน. unable to think clearly or understand
- encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ (คำกริยา) — ให้กำลังใจ, ส่งเสริม. To mentally support; to motivate, give courage, hope or spirit.
- congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/ — ยินดีด้วย. Expressing praise and approval, expressing approbation.
- brave /bɹeɪv/ (คำคุณศัพท์) — กล้าหาญ, กล้า. Strong in the face of fear; courageous.
- breathe /bɹiːð/ (คำกริยา) — หายใจ. To draw air into (inhale), and expel air from (exhale), the lungs in order to extract oxygen and excrete waste gases.
- shelter /ˈʃɛltə/ (คำนาม) — ที่หลบภัย, อาวรณ์. A place where a person or animal may find protection from the elements (especially rain, storms, or cold) sometimes as a place to sleep (such as a cave).
- flesh /flɛʃ/ (คำนาม) — เนื้อ. The soft tissue of the body, especially muscle and fat.
- legislature /ˈlɛd͡ʒɪsləˌt͡ʃʊə/ (คำนาม) — สภานิติบัญญัติ. A governmental body with the power to make, amend and repeal laws.
- northwest /nɔɹθˈwɛst/ (คำนาม) — พายัพ. The intercardinal compass point halfway between west and north; specifically at a bearing of 315°.
- mainland /ˈmeɪnlənd/ (คำนาม) — แผ่นดินใหญ่. The continent; the principal land, as distinguished from islands or a peninsula.
- dessert /dɪˈzɝt/ (คำนาม) — อาหารหวาน, ขนม. The last course of a meal, consisting of fruit, sweet confections etc.
- limb /lɪm/ (คำนาม) — แขนขา, องค์. A major appendage of human or animal, used for locomotion (such as an arm, leg or wing).
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 68 ครั้ง เช่น we're, they're, I'm ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: breathe /bɹiːð/, northwest /nɔɹθˈwɛst/, mouthful /ˈmaʊθfʊl/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, shelter /ˈʃɛltə/, flesh /flɛʃ/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/, controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, parliamentary /ˌpɑɹləˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/, legislature /ˈlɛd͡ʒɪsləˌt͡ʃʊə/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง technically, depend, podcast เป็นพิเศษ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have gotten · have said · have called |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | somebody who was · person who called · countries, which is |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | were born · has been lobbed · were called |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ