ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The Assassin's Teapot Is Weird
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148 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
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This is an assassin's teapot.
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It can be used to pour yourself a drink and to pour a drink for your enemy.
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You can then down your drink to prove that the drink isn't poisoned.
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There's no poison there.
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Don't worry about the poison.
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There is no poison.
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But then when your enemy takes a drink, they find out that it is poisoned.
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And by the way, this doesn't require you to spend the last few years building up an immunity to Iocane powder.
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It works straight off the bat.
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No preparation required.
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That's because the Assassin's teapot can be used to pour three different drinks, which I've shown here using three different colored liquids.
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And by the way, if you plan to poison your enemy, I recommend using liquids of the same color.
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Do I need to tell the viewers that they shouldn't be trying to poison people?
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Like legally, just that it would break the flow of the video.
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Film myself having a fake phone call with a lawyer in which I explain the problem.
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And so long as I say out loud, don't try to poison people, then that should have me covered.
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Okay.
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Click.
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The way you choose the drink is by sneakily covering up one of these holes.
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If you cover this hole, you get a blue drink.
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If you cover this hole, you get a yellow drink.
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If you cover no holes, you get a green drink.
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So three drinks in total though actually no four drinks.
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If you cover both holes you get the null drink.
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But how does it work?
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Well you know me
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if I want to describe how a hydrodynamic mechanism works I like to make a transparent 2d version of it.
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I'll put a playlist of those videos in the card in the description.
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First I needed to figure out what was going on inside the teapot
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and a bit like with the glugl jug the only really sensible way to do
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that was to hit it with a hammer.
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So you can see there are two chambers here side by side and they both lead up to the spout.
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Additionally, one chamber leads up to this hole, the other chamber leads to this hole.
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For the 2D version, I don't want to put them side by side because then it wouldn't be 2D,
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but I feel like I can put them top to bottom and it should still work.
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And here it is.
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So if I want a blue drink, I cover this hole.
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If I want a yellow drink, I cover this hole.
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And if I want a green drink, I cover neither of the holes.
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And for completeness, here's the null drink.
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Similarly, I could have a black coffee, or I could have milk, or I could have a milky coffee.
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So that's how it works.
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But why does it work?
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Why is it that putting your finger over different holes causes different liquids to flow out?
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Well, it comes down to surface tension.
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It's similar to this demonstration you might have seen before.
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Look, I can pour water from this bottle, but if I turn the bottle upside down, no water pours out.
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The trick is that there's a gauze covering the opening of the bottle.
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So when I pour it like this water can flow out
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and air can flow in but
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when I turn the bottle upside down for water to flow out air would need to flow in
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and for air to flow in surface tension would need to be broken.
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Here's another example where instead of a gauze there's a small hole.
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The hole's actually big enough to push a straw up into and it floats to the top of the bottle.
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It's a really cool trick.
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You know, strictly speaking, ultimately, it's not surface tension that's keeping the liquid in place.
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It's air pressure.
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Like the assassin's teapot and these bottle tricks wouldn't work in a vacuum.
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So the reason the liquid doesn't fall out of the assassin's teapot
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when you have your thumb over the hole is because the atmosphere is pushing on it.
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Atmospheric pressure is holding the liquid in place.
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And that's counterintuitive.
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Like you you think, well, the real explanation is that, you know, well, if the liquid did fall out a little bit,
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it would create a vacuum and the vacuum would pull the liquid back in.
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But there is no pulling force.
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There's only pushing force from the atmosphere.
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It's like when you suck on a straw, it's not the suction that's pulling the liquid up the straw,
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it's the atmosphere pushing the liquid up the straw.
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And that's really counterintuitive because you feel like, well, look, that's me doing the work.
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I'm sucking on the straw.
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I'm pulling the liquid up with my lungs.
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At this point I want to go off on a bit of a tangent
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and talk about a type of pedantry that I think isn't always helpful.
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Like imagine you say I'm sucking liquid up a straw now.
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I mean it's a weird thing to say out loud
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but hypothetically and then an annoying physicist comes along and says well technically you're not sucking water up a straw,
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it's the atmosphere pushing it up the straw.
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And then in the next breath
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that physicist might go on to talk about the flow of positively charged holes in a semiconductor.
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Well, holes don't flow and a hole can't have a charge.
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So why is it okay to talk about the flow of positively charged holes?
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Well, the reason it's okay is because it's useful.
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But I would also argue that it's useful to talk about a suction force.
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So long as you keep the underlying physics in mind, you should be okay.
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Like, for example, you can't just increase a suction force indefinitely.
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Eventually, when you get to about 100 kilopascals, it stops working because you've run out of atmospheric pressure, the thing that's really doing the work underneath.
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Similarly, I think it should be all right to talk about the flow of cold.
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Like if I put an ice cube in my drink, the cold flows from the ice cube into the drink.
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Of course, that's not really what's happening the warmth from the drink is flowing into the ice cube
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and so it gets colder.
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But it's useful to talk about the flow of cold, again, so long as you understand the underlying physics.
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Like, you can't just keep pumping cold into something because eventually you reach absolute zero.
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By the way, these animations are from a video I made about how all LEDs are secretly solar panels
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and all solar panels are secretly LEDs.
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The link's in the card and in description.
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Okay, tangent over.
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The point is, we all know that for the water to get out, air needs to be able to get in.
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And with your finger off the hole, well, air can get in at the top.
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But if you cover over the hole, the only way for the air to get in is through the spout.
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And that's where surface tension comes in.
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Surface tension acts to minimize surface area.
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You might think, well, Well, one way for the water to get out is if the air can sneak past it on the way.
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But what would that look like?
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Well, it might look a bit like this.
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You've got a drip of water starting on one side and on the other side, you've got a bubble of air forming.
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But see how that increases the surface area of the water.
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And because surface tension acts to decrease the surface area, that's not energetically favourable and so you don't get this bubbling effect.
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And instead the liquid is trapped inside the chamber.
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This is also the principle behind a magic trick by the way sometimes called inexhaustible bottle or thinker drink.
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It's usually a bit more elaborate it'll have more chambers
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and different options for drinks but anyway you can read all about it in my kids book
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Science is Magic available from all good bookstores.
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So these are magnets yeah and then these are metal
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so they stick to the magnets and then when they drive around they also go around with it.
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And that makes it spin.
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Yeah.
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And some of them go loop the loop like this.
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That was my daughter spontaneously explaining the mechanics of the thing that she just built.
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The thing she just built was from a KiwiCo project, the sponsor of this video.
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Actually my kids have had a KiwiCo subscription since way before they approached me for sponsorship
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so I can tell you a bit about them.
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It's a subscription service where a box comes in the post every month
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and everything you need for the projects is in the box.
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You never need to run off to the shops or anything like that.
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And the projects are STEM projects.
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There's eight different subscription lines for every possible age group.
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You know, something that I haven't talked about before
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that I really appreciate about KiwiCo is the spontaneous STEM discussions that arise from it.
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You know, I'm the sort of person who, like a fact will pop into my mind and I'll say,
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hey kids, did you know this thing about the moon?
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You know, whatever.
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And, you know, it's completely out of context and the kids are sort of like, well, okay, fine.
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You know, so these days I'm on the lookout for, you know, STEM discussions that are within the context of what we're doing.
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And KiwiCo is great for that because the kids are so invested in the projects already.
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Like they're building these things, they're excited about them.
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And then as you saw with the explanation, these STEM discussions arise spontaneously.
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And it's really amazing to see.
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We've got a promo for the holiday season.
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Perhaps you know someone who would appreciate a KiwiCo subscription, in which case you can get the first month absolutely free using my special URL
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if you go to kiwico .com forward slash Steve Mould the link is also in the description so check out KiwiCo today.
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I hope you enjoyed this video if you did don't forget to hit subscribe
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and the algorithm thinks you'll enjoy this video next.
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When I touch it like that, it spins.
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So do you think the air is doing the same thing?
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Yeah.
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You're saying that the air from the candle, the candles making the air push up on those red things.
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Yeah.
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Oh, I see.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “The Assassin's Teapot Is Weird” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: drink, hole, liquid, flow, surface วิดีโอนี้มี 148 ประโยค และ 1777 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 9:00 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 197 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก มีเพียง 81% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| liquid คำนาม | /ˈlɪk.wɪd/ | ของเหลว |
| poison คำนาม | /ˈpɔɪ.zən/ | พิษ, ยาพิษ |
| straw คำนาม | /stɹɔ/ | ฟาง |
| pour คำกริยา | /poɹ/ | เท |
| atmosphere คำนาม | /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ | บรรยากาศ |
| suck คำกริยา | /sʌk/ | ดูด |
| vacuum คำนาม | /ˈvæ.kjuːm/ | สุญญากาศ |
| cube คำนาม | /kjub/ | ลูกบาศก์ |
| finger คำนาม | /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ | นิ้ว |
| explanation คำนาม | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | การอธิบาย |
| physics คำนาม | /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ | ฟิสิกส์ |
| spin คำกริยา | /spɪn/ | หมุน, ปั่น |
| loop คำนาม | /luːp/ | บ่วง |
| bubble คำนาม | /ˈbʌbəl/ | ฟอง |
| candle คำนาม | /ˈkæn.dəl/ | เทียน |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- I'm sucking on the straw.
- I'm pulling the liquid up with my lungs.
- We've got a promo for the holiday season.
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | I've shown · you've run · have had |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | isn't poisoned · is poisoned · be broken |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 36 ครั้ง เช่น don't, I'm, can't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: breathe /bɹiːð/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, thumb /ˈθʌm/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: tension /ˈtɛnʃən/, subscription /səbˈskɹɪpʃən/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, preparation /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, similarly /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/, positively /ˈpɑ.zɪ.tɪv.li/, atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/, preparation /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: physics /ˈfɪz.ɪks/, bubble /ˈbʌbəl/, arise /əˈɹaɪz/, candle /ˈkæn.dəl/, null /nʌl/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: vacuum /ˈvæ.kjuːm/, positively /ˈpɑ.zɪ.tɪv.li/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, viewer /ˈvju.ɚ/, favourable /ˈfeɪv(ə)ɹəbəl/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: poison /ˈpɔɪ.zən/, physics /ˈfɪz.ɪks/, arise /əˈɹaɪz/, positively /ˈpɑ.zɪ.tɪv.li/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง liquid, poison, straw เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ