ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The Skills You’ll Need to be a Senior Software Developer

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Welcome to today's video.

In this video we're going to go over the skills that it takes to be a senior software developer.

We will be covering what those skills are, how to present those skills in an interview,

and also what steps to take to move into a senior role.

Welcome to the Life at Miro channel.

Let's get started.

Hi, my name is Alyssa and I'm our technical sourcer for engineering.

Hi, my name is Elliot Monofy and I am a senior engineering manager in Enterprise.

So some of the things that I look for in an interview, basically we have about 30 minutes,

so I have to get through kind of a lot of content really quickly.

So some of the things that I'm checking for because I'm not so much deeply technical in the way that Elliot is,

is communication skills and style.

Are you clear?

Are you structured?

Do I understand kind of the journey that you're taking me on?

I know that this is really important for you too.

How do you assess like communication when you're when you're speaking with candidates?

Yeah, for communication generally we do behavioral style interviews and so

when you're doing a behavioral style interview you want the interviewee to be telling

you taking you on a journey telling you a story about the time

that they worked on a project or a time

that they dealt with the situation right and

so being able to coherently form that story

so I understand what happened how they were part of

that story where they fit into the puzzle is very important in understanding what their role is what skills they have.

What their scope is.

Exactly.

And so if there's not a fully formed story there,

it's very hard to really get what they're trying to tell you and where they were doing something, or their manager was doing it,

or somebody else on the team because they're not being very clear.

And so communication ends up being the number one thing that we're looking for in these calls.

People will say, we did, whereas it helps to be more clear when you say, I drove or I led.

I did this thing that way I have a very clear idea of what it is

that you did rather than like kind of what the team did overall.

And with that you can also mention which parts your manager did

which parts other members of the team did because you can't do everything right?

Exactly.

Especially as a senior engineer many times you'll be taking the requirements from a you know PM

or somebody else on the team and you'll be breaking those down so that other engineers, less senior engineers will pick up that work.

And if you're not doing that work, that's okay to mention, right?

You may be instead focused on things like designing the architecture of the system or some other aspects or communicating with stakeholders,

working cross -functionally.

There's so many other aspects to being a senior engineer that go way past what the other engineer's roles are.

Are there any, because you're doing the recruiter screen, right?

And I feel like in the recruiter screen you're obviously looking for clear signs

that this person hasn't made it to that senior role just yet right

so that we so that you know they they don't you know end up

that we know that it's a fit from the start right what are the signs for you

that are clear

that this person is not ready yet for a senior role well we already kind of touched on communication style

but I would say kind of the scope of the overall work

so are you what I'm looking for for senior basically is

have you implemented basically from the beginning the overall plan you need to execute the initiative

so meeting with as you said meeting with stakeholders breaking down

those requirements also after the the initiative is done are you still maintaining it

and and if you don't have those things then

that makes me think maybe not quite a senior right now

but definitely we can get there

and then generally after your call with them we go into those uh more technical interviews right

and in these technical interviews we start assessing uh especially in the system design interview

we start assessing more of the the technical skills

that we see from the candidate right their ability to adapt

to new technologies uh to do research on those technologies understand what is out there

and how they can use them to build a system that has multiple services with lots of different communication between the services,

know when which pieces of design best fit and where to make the greatest trade -offs to make resilient

systems that can have millions of customers, which Miro does.

Something I always talk about in my initial screening with candidates is just how important the system design is for Miro.

Here you touched on it, it is kind of breaking down the requirements.

How are you.. considering what some of the trade -offs are and maybe,

for example, if one of the interviewers doesn't ask you or asks you something that you may not know the answer to,

still making a decision and still sticking with it, even though right now it may not be the best thing.

Yeah, I think the big thing there, right, is that even if you don't, if you've never, let's say,

worked with every piece of technology, not everybody can.

Yeah.

But when you get that list of technical

and non -technical requirements from the interviewers in

that system design to be able to understand what it is

that are the goals and that come from those requirements and understand that, hey, when I'm picking out a cache, when I'm picking out a database,

I may not know all the options that are out there.

I may default to one that I've used before.

But if I know that the one I've used before doesn't meet the requirements, then to even say that in the interview,

hey, I would go do research for on these things.

I'm looking for a cash that is best for x y

and z and it should i don't care about that other thing

and so that you you show that you can go out there

and investigate because nobody has all the answers all the time right

and there's also some maturity there to not just throw out hey i'm gonna use this buzzword here exactly

because we'll find it out and then you won't do

so well that doesn't show the maturity of a senior engineer

and then generally after that round right we get into the the um the behavioral rounds, right?

We have two of those and that's where we start to get a little bit,

it's a little bit more of a mix of soft skills and technical, right?

And those will be a little bit more project focused interviews, though we do sprinkle in some other questions, right?

And I think the biggest item for us here on the seniority, and I think you've heard

this from us a lot feedback for the candidates is the ability to pull from a large resource of examples.

Exactly.

And having clear, personalized examples, that really, I mean, you said this in the beginning,

it really helps to wrap your head around what it is that the person did.

This also shows that this person is thinking and storytelling in a structured way.

100

Because one of the problems

101

we see is a lot of times people will use the same example multiple times in one interview or over separate interviews,

102

even though the question is widely different.

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They just adapt an answer as much as they can.

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And this usually shows that they just don't have the experience that we're looking for from them.

105

They have maybe one really good example and they're just trying to use that again, which is fine right and experience would come with time

106

and it comes with with working and

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and getting to run into really challenging things

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and each one of those comes with learnings

109

and i think learnings is the next thing i want to talk about here

110

and i think is really key for a strong engineer is

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that strong engineers also they learn from both their successes

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and their failures yes um and so i feel that when you're doing the interviews,

113

being able to call out areas in which you succeeded

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or failed and what you learned from those

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and how you have taken those learnings back into your work is really key to being a senior engineer.

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I think this is also like a clear marker of a senior.

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Of course you failed, but how do you kind of implement the failure

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and take it to like turn it into a positive basically.

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Another thing I am always looking for when I'm speaking with a senior

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and something that's like a clear indicator to me is feedback.

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How do you give, how do you receive feedback, how do you ingest it?

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When you're working on a team it's really important that you're like actively soliciting feedback.

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Okay how can I improve on this?

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What can I do?

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Does this work?

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Does this not work?

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And that is what a lot of our teams do at Miro, we find feedback really important.

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Feedback is kind of one part of a greater ability for people to not only learn themselves,

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but also help other people learn and grow, whether that's part of mentoring or part of even,

130

I think this falls into the same place as feedback,

131

but being able to, let's say two people are challenging each other on a single solution

132

or path forward technically or even non -technically

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and sometimes you may find yourself convincing others

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but sometimes you also may find yourself being convinced right and

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and someone who's senior can cannot be stubborn

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and can be like hey look that person's right we should go with

137

that one and or even you know the term that

138

that we use all the time disagree and commit right yeah

139

because someone who's truly senior doesn't always hold their ideas as part of themselves.

140

A lot of what is the most important.

141

in addition to the technical skills are the soft skills

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because you need to be able to like fit on the team

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and work in a way that basically you're not the blocker.

144

I would actually say

145

that soft skills are usually the biggest hurdle for an engineer to take to get from the normal

146

software engineer role to a senior engineer because the technical chops are something they've been working on for years.

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But at that point, they haven't been thinking about leading other people, working across teams, working across functions, their communication skills.

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And usually that's the one that's lacking, right?

149

And so it actually is quite challenging for them to learn those skills.

150

But I do think it is possible.

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And I think that's the kind of the next area I wanted us to talk about

152

which is kind of how do you what are the steps

153

that an engineer can take to move into that

154

that senior role at Miro we have a pretty well -defined rubric for doing

155

that we call it the career matrix it has a set of eight individual competencies

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and one what we call a core competency

157

and generally the the idea of this is it gives the

158

engineers something to build their IDP off of their individual development plan.

159

Generally what you would want to do as an engineer whether you're at Miro

160

or outside of Miro is you speak with other more senior engineers on your team, you speak with your manager,

161

you receive as much feedback into these development areas as to where you believe you're strong

162

and where you happen to be weak, right?

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And we can't expect everyone to be perfected everything

164

but generally you want to hit as many of these competencies as possible yeah and so

165

when you find your your weaknesses you find

166

you create a plan as to how you want to develop in those areas yeah

167

and um the career matrix for us is a like a clear defined structure everyone has access to it

168

and so you can kind of see like what level you are at now

169

and what you can do to take yourself to the next level

170

and as much as it is on your manager and business need and stuff like that,

171

it's really on you and what are you going to do to get there?

172

And I think the best part about it is that by clearly defining it,

173

at least within Miro, we have a baseline of what it means to be senior, right?

174

There's not as much of this, you know, everyone being at different levels,

175

it's pretty calibrated across the organization is this is what we believe a senior is, these are the things that they contribute to the company,

176

these are the skills that they have, which is really great and it also makes it very easy for non -engineers to go in

177

and see what it is that you need.

178

Exactly and I know

179

that you recruiters have been using it quite a lot to understand what it is we're looking for in these roles.

180

Yeah another thing I wanted to mention and this goes kind of hand -in -hand with the matrix is impact.

181

As a senior basically the work that you're doing needs to be visible

182

and it needs to have an impact on not only your team but on customer business metrics.

183

Yeah, no, I agree with you.

184

I would say that all of the little individual competencies that we talk about are just a way to hone your skills.

185

But when someone truly becomes senior, generally here at Miro, we believe it's somebody who can take a pretty complex project,

186

break it down for potentially up to five engineers within their team to pick it up and deliver successfully at Miro.

187

And additionally, that project should have a pretty strong impact at the company, right?

188

It should be moving some of our objectives and actually making a difference.

189

And like you said, this generally brings visibility back at

190

that senior engineer because most people will know that they're the one who helped drive this project to completion, right?

191

Yeah.

192

And something I touched on earlier is not only driving the project to completion

193

but maintaining it afterwards because it's easy or I don't want to say easy

194

but anyone can kind of get a project across the line

195

but then what do you do with it after it's done how do you kind of keep it up

196

and continue to make an impact in

197

that area as you are getting more senior I did mention this a little bit at the top

198

but how do you communicate with non -technical stakeholders and

199

that is something that I'm also looking for I'm not the most technical person, but I need to be able to understand,

200

okay, what did you do?

201

How do you break it down so that someone like me can clearly understand

202

and digest what your impact has been on the org?

203

For you, what is one of the clear markers that somebody can communicate with someone non -technical?

204

Generally, if their manager doesn't have to step in.

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No, I'm kidding around there a little bit.

206

But generally, for some of the really complex projects that we have, especially within the enterprise stream, which is the stream that I'm working in,

207

a lot of times

208

you may have to get involved with other teams like even the legal team at the company

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or the security team or some of these other teams

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that may not be as as technical or you're speaking to the you know

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CPO or COO or some other role at the company and

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when you're speaking to people in these roles they don't understand the technical implications of the things

213

that you're mentioning right yeah and And we would prefer for a senior engineer,

214

and we expect for a senior engineer to not have to pull anyone else into that conversation, including their manager.

215

They should be able to hold that conversation pretty easily on their own

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and break down those very technical challenges into something that's digestible and the other person can understand.

217

So the final topic that we were hoping to speak with you today is picking between the individual contributor track,

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which is more like a senior software engineer, or the management track, which is an engineering manager.

219

Once you reach this fork in the road, especially here at Miro, you have to start understanding which skills you're looking to hone.

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As a senior engineer, you need to continue focusing on those technical skills

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and start asking your manager for larger and more complex projects

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that are potentially going to have an even larger impact on the organization as a whole.

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If you instead try to speak to your manager about going into the management role,

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this is where you need to start honing your kind of project management skills, your people management skills, delivery,

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some of the other skills that maybe you haven't been focusing on over the previous years in your career.

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If you want to hear more about this, we actually have another video that we'll be posting, and this will dive deeper into this topic.

227

We covered quite a lot of content today.

228

Are there any skills that we missed?

229

If so, please comment below.

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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “The Skills You’ll Need to be a Senior Software Developer” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: senior, engineer, skills, technical, interview วิดีโอนี้มี 153 ประโยค และ 2924 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 17:18 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 169 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 89% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงตามได้ง่าย จากทั้งหมด 153 ประโยค มี 45 ประโยคเป็นคำถาม จึงเหมาะสำหรับฝึกน้ำเสียงประโยคคำถามและการตอบสั้น ๆ

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:

คำศัพท์	คำอ่าน	ความหมาย
topic คำนาม	/ˈtɑpɪk/	หัวข้อ, กระทู้
enterprise คำนาม	/ˈɛntəˌpɹaɪz/	ธุรกิจ
scope คำนาม	/skəʊp/	ขอบข่าย
technically คำกริยาวิเศษณ์	/ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/	วิชาการ
architecture คำนาม	/ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/	สถาปัตยกรรม
resource คำนาม	/ɹɪˈzɔːs/	ทรัพยากร
objective คำนาม	/ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/	เป้าหมาย
database คำนาม	/ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/	ฐานข้อมูล
investigate คำกริยา	/ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/	สืบ, สืบสวน
wrap คำกริยา	/ɹæp/	ห่อ
weakness คำนาม	/ˈwik.nɪs/	ความอ่อนแอ
dive คำกริยา	/daɪv/	ดำ
fork คำนาม	/fɔɹk/	ส้อม
puzzle คำนาม	/ˈpʌzəl/	ปริศนา
execute คำกริยา	/ˈɛksɪˌkjuːt/	ประหาร

กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน

คำศัพท์	ความหมาย
go out คำกริยา	ออก, ออกไป
pick up คำกริยา	ยก, หยิบ

ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ

ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:

Do I understand the journey that you're taking me on?
Because you're doing the recruiter screen, right?
How do you receive feedback?
How do you ingest it?
Are there any skills that we missed?

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้าง	ในวิดีโอ
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — การกระทำที่เริ่มก่อนหน้านี้และยังดำเนินอยู่	they've been working · haven't been thinking · have been using
Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ	again, which is · have, which is · somebody who can
Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน	hasn't made · have you implemented · you've heard

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 62 ครั้ง เช่น you're, I'm, doesn't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน

เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, completion /kəmˈpliː.ʃən/, cache /kæʃ/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/

เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:

เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: skill /skɪl/, assess /əˈsɛs/, matrix /ˈmeɪ.tɹɪks/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, enterprise /ˈɛntəˌpɹaɪz/
/v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, convince /kənˈvɪns/, interviewer /ˈɪntɚvjuɚ/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/
/z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: enterprise /ˈɛntəˌpɹaɪz/, afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง topic, enterprise, scope เป็นพิเศษ

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →

ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The Skills You’ll Need to be a Senior Software Developer

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