Shadowing Practice: ATPL Instrumentation - Class 2: Pressure Measurement. - Learn English Speaking with Video
Bir pratik modu seçin
Her mod tam ekran bir pratik odası açar.
125 cümleler
Cümleler çok kısa veya çok uzun ise, ayarlamak için Düzenle'ye tıklayın.
1
Lots of aircraft systems need to have their pressure measured
2
and monitored to make sure they are working in a safe and effective manner.
3
We also need to know the pressure of the air around us
4
which we can use for various things that we'll look at in the next few classes.
5
So how do we even measure pressure?
6
Let's find out.
7
Hi I'm Grant and welcome to the second class in the instrumentation series.
8
Today we're going to be having a look at how we measure pressure.
9
Pressure is used for lots of different things in aviation
10
and we use the pressure data to generate more useful information for us whilst we're flying
11
which we'll look at in the next few classes.
12
But for today though we're just going to focus on how we actually measure it
13
so without further ado let's find out what it's all about.
14
Ah I couldn't keep his right face.
15
The most common and fundamental type of pressure sensor is a diaphragm.
16
A diaphragm is essentially a thin circular flexible plate or membrane.
17
It can be made of various materials like metal, rubber or plastic
18
and the diaphragm is fixed around its edge creating a sealed chamber on one side set to a known pressure.
19
When a pressure difference exists between the two sides, the known pressure and whatever we're trying to measure,
20
then the diaphragm will effectively bend or deflect.
21
It's kind of like a hydraulic actuator but using air or some other pressure source instead of hydraulic fluid.
22
The amount of deflection is directly proportional to the pressure difference between the two sides
23
and we can then attach a mechanical linkage
24
or an electrical sensor to the centre of the diaphragm to measure how much this moves by
25
and this movement is what gives us our pressure reading
26
and what we are reading can be a few different units it can be quite confusing
27
and what you'll often see is millibars and hectopascals they're exactly the same
28
and then you'll see one bar which is a thousand millibars is equal to 14.5 psi pounds per square inch.
29
There's not really any rhyme or reason as to why we measure some things in psi
30
and other things in millibars or hectopascals.
31
It can be quite confusing.
32
Generally air pressure is hectopascals and components
33
and things like mechanical like the engine oil pressure and hydraulic pressure is measured in psi.
34
I don't know why but that just seems to be the way that I've notice things go.
35
Diaphragms, anyway, are rugged and simple.
36
They're often used in basic air pressure gauges with the seal side set to normal sea level pressure
37
and even some basic systems like the oil pressure measurements in the engine might use this sort of diaphragm.
38
A more specialized type of sensor that's very important is the aneroid capsule.
39
An aneroid capsule is kind of like a diaphragm
40
but instead of being a single flat disc in a container it's essentially a flexible metal box with corrugated sides
41
which makes it very responsive.
42
These capsules are evacuated which means
43
that most of the air has been removed from the inside creating a near vacuum where the pressure is essentially zero.
44
The capsule is designed to measure absolute or total pressure
45
that is the pressure
46
that is relative to a near vacuum not just the outside
47
atmosphere as a reference just like in the diaphragm hopefully
48
that makes sense when the external pressure increases this compresses the capsule
49
because there's no pressure for it to resist against and
50
when the external pressure decreases the capsule expands this is good in aviation
51
because we don't need to feed in a reference pressure to measure the difference against.
52
And in aviation, we often change pressure a lot when we climb and descend in the atmosphere.
53
So getting a source of that reference pressure can be quite hard.
54
This is just measuring the total absolute pressure, nothing needs to be compared against, which is good for us as we're flying.
55
Bellows are just stacks of aneroid capsules joined together.
56
The purpose of joining them together is that each capsule is inflating and deflating according to the pressure a small amount.
57
Therefore, when we stack them together, we stack the total movement of those capsules together.
58
Therefore, it's much easier to measure small and precise pressure changes, and we can measure larger total pressures in general.
59
Bellows can also be pressure fed, whereby the internal structure isn't near vacuum,
60
but instead has a pressure fed in just like a diaphragm
61
or you might call this not an anoid capsule
62
but a pressure fed capsule it's the same sort of thing
63
and we can call this a pressure fed bellows therefore we can also measure pressure differentials with much more precision
64
if we wanted and these sensors are great for use in things where we need to measure
65
and adjust pressure to a very specific value such as the manifold pressure in a piston engine while diaphragms,
66
capsules and bellows are membranes essentially, the Borden tube uses a different principle for deformation.
67
A Borden tube is a C-shaped tube essentially.
68
One end of the tube is sealed and it's free to move, move up and down left and right, while the other end is fixed but this is open to the pressure source.
69
When pressure is applied, the tube attempts to straighten out.
70
It's kind of like one of those things at parties that you blow into and they make a honking noise.
71
You know, they're sort of curled up like this and you blow them and you go, it's basically one of those, but it doesn't make a honking noise.
72
The straightening movement is mechanically linked to a needle via gears and other linkages.
73
and by the movement of this C-shaped tube moves the dial and that's how we display the pressure.
74
Burden tubes are pretty robust and can handle much higher pressures than simple diaphragms
75
which makes them ideal for systems that have quite high pressure such as the hydraulic system.
76
Pressure transducers are basically small electric diaphragms.
77
A small metal diaphragm deforms and the metal moving presses on a resistive element
78
that will change its resistance depending on the pressure that's put on it.
79
There's electricity flowing through the resistive element, so when it changes, the voltage across it changes,
80
which can then be measured and translated into a pressure reading and sent to a dial or a digital display.
81
The main advantage of a transducer is that it doesn't need to be fed with the source of the pressure.
82
we aren't sending the engine oil or hydraulic fluid into the sensor to be measured specifically.
83
If you think about measuring oil pressure using a burden tube for example, the previous one that we saw, we would need to send some of the oil to the pressure gauge which is in the cockpit
84
requiring extra tubes to send the oil out of the way to the instrument and then back again back into the engine.
85
Because the data generated by a transducer is electronic we don't need extra pipes and tubes to send it to the sensor.
86
We just place one of these sensors in an existing tube or pipe and then wire up.
87
This means we can place the sensors at the source
88
and not worry about leaks from let's say the hydraulic reservoir to the cockpit.
89
It also means it's easy to add redundancy and multiple sensors to the same thing therefore improving reliability and minimizing false readings.
90
This means that you'll see electronic transducers
91
to sense pressure all over the place in large aircraft where we want multiple sensors for everything to make sure
92
that there's no problems.
93
In summary then we've got a diaphragm which is basically a disc that deforms.
94
That deformation is used to measure a pressure difference therefore we
95
need to have a reference pressure fed into a diaphragm on one side
96
and then the other side is the thing we want to measure
97
and then it will be the pressure difference between the reference and the measured pressure that we're actually getting a reading for.
98
We also have aneroid capsules which is essentially a bellows but without all the components.
99
What will happen inside an aneroid capsule is you'll have zero pressure near enough
100
and then we're going to measure the total pressure
101
that is surrounding the aneroid capsule because
102
if there's less pressure the capsule will expand and
103
if there's more pressure the capsule will deflect and we're just going to measure that movement.
104
The problem is we only get a small amount of movement
105
so what we can do is we can add loads of aneroid capsules together to create a bellows.
106
The same principle applies if there's lots of pressure around the outside of this, this whole thing will compress.
107
If there's less pressure around the outside, the thing will expand.
108
The advantage of having them all stacked together is we get a lot of movement
109
and we can be much more precise with our measurements of total pressure
110
which you might use for things where you want to set a pressure reading like in a piston engine.
111
You get a board on tube which is a party hooter.
112
You blow it and it straightens out.
113
It's the same principle with this except instead of blowing on it you're measuring some sort of pressure.
114
At this end the c-shape tries to straighten out.
115
The straightening of this section here pulls on mechanical linkages,
116
gears etc and moves a dial to display how much is straightening out
117
and therefore how much pressure is being fed into the source there.
118
You also get pressure transducers, essentially electronic diaphragms.
119
The diaphragm deflects, the metal diaphragm here deflects and
120
that metal diaphragm pushes on a resistive element
121
and the resistive element changes its resistance according to how much pressure is put on it.
122
we measure the voltage across the resistor and by measuring
123
that voltage we can then convert that into a display which shows how much pressure is being put on the diaphragm.
124
So that's just how we measure pressure
125
and in the next few classes we'll look at how to actually use that pressure for giving us some useful information.
Uygulamayı İndir
Akıcı konuşmak için ihtiyacınız olan her şey
AI TelaffuzHer cümleyi puanla
IPA AlıştırmasıHer sesi ustalaştır
Kelime BilgisiKelime bankanızı oluşturun
Kelime OyunuOynarken öğrenin
Aynı Kanal
FOR YOU
Video Öner
C11
4 cümleler
Ambr®️ 250 High Throughput Perfusion Product Tutorial - Learn with Sartorius
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
153 cümleler
In 9 minutes, you’ll understand breathwork better than 99% of the planet
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
152 cümleler
How to Scale Analog Values in PLC Programming!
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
85 cümleler
Material Properties 101
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
69 cümleler
CAA NZ Standard Overhead Join 2022
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C167 cümleler
STARTING AIR SYSTEM|HOW STARTING AIR IS ADMITTED IN CYLINDER UNIT| WHAT IS SLOW TURNING VALVE|
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
72 cümleler
Blood Flow Through the Heart (Made Easy in 5 Minutes!)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
5 cümleler
Full ATIS breakdown ✈️ #flighttraining #airlines #pilot
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
240 cümleler
Flying a plane badly, on purpose.
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
141 cümleler
QUALITY CONTROL Interview Questions & Answers! (Inspector, Manager + Assessor Interview Questions!
Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
C16
25 cümleler
3M™ Clean-Trace™ ATP Monitoring System Environmental Surfaces Sampling
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 125 cümle ve 1728 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 10:57 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 158 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin yalnızca %80’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| capsule isim | /ˈkæps(ə)l/ | kapsül |
| tube isim | /tuːb/ | tüp |
| sensor isim | /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ | duyarga, sensör |
| element isim | /ˈɛləmənt/ | öğe, eleman |
| stack isim | /stæk/ | yığın |
| principle isim | /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/ | prensip, ilke |
| seal isim | /siːl/ | mühür |
| aviation isim | /ˌeɪ̯.viːˈeɪ̯.ʃən/ | havacılık |
| vacuum isim | /ˈvæ.kjuːm/ | vakum |
| voltage isim | /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/ | gerilim |
| atmosphere isim | /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ | atmosfer, havaküre |
| component isim | /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/ | parça, bileşen |
| pipe isim | /ˈpaɪp/ | düdük, kaval |
| burden isim | /ˈbɝdn̩/ | yük |
| fluid isim | /ˈflu.ɪd/ | akışkan |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| find out fiil | anlamak, ortaya çıkarmak |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı we're, you'll, don't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 30 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, aviation /ˌeɪ̯.viːˈeɪ̯.ʃən/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, precision /pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/, differential [dɪfəˈɹənʃəɫ]
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, mechanical /məˈkænəkəl/, aviation /ˌeɪ̯.viːˈeɪ̯.ʃən/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; capsule, tube, sensor gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Koşul cümleleri if + cümle, will/would + fiil — bir koşul ve sonucu | if there's less pressure the capsule will expand · if there's more pressure the capsule will deflect |
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | can be made · is fixed · is measured |
| İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi | bar which is · evacuated which means · against, which is |
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.