Shadowing Practice: Is Amazon Too Big? - Learn English Speaking with Video
Ders oluşturuluyor...
1
This video is sponsored by Brilliant.
2
The first 200 to use the link in the description get 20 % off the annual subscription.
3
Elizabeth Warren wants to break up Amazon, Facebook, Google, and Apple.
4
The argument goes roughly like this: Tech companies have gotten really big really fast,
5
and they've abused that power by favoring their own products over their competitors.
6
Therefore, once a company reaches a certain size, it shouldn't be allowed to own both the products and the platform on which they're sold.
7
In English, Amazon can't sell the Kindle on its own website, and Apple has to pick owning music and iMovie and news,
8
or the App Store itself.
9
Now whether Warren is 100 % serious, or mostly just generating publicity for her presidential campaign, she isn't alone.
10
This is only the latest part of a much bigger movement.
11
We're at an inflection point in history, where new, fast Silicon Valley is crashing in to slow, old government.
12
Everywhere, all at once, the power and influence of big tech companies are being questioned.
13
Google was recently fined $1 .7 billion in Europe for being anti -competitive.
14
Sprint is trying to merge with T -Mobile, despite significant pushback.
15
Facebook has, well, continued to be Facebook.
16
And Spotify has launched an all -out attack against Apple for what it claims is unfair treatment.
17
So, who's right?
18
Apple or Spotify?
19
Google or the EU?
20
Facebook or literally everyone else?
21
First, we need to understand why these companies have such a huge advantage, and how, in just a few years, Amazon went from being synonymous with cheap,
22
convenient shopping to a scary, political, nebulous, Walmart -like mega -corporation.
23
Let's say you want to start a grocery store.
24
Maybe you know a little bit about merchandising.
25
Maybe you come from a long line of grocers, so selling produce is just in your blood.
26
The other kids were playing with fire trucks and trains, but you, you were daydreaming about the retail implications of the angle curve.
27
Anyway, the bad news is that the grocery business sucks.
28
Like famously so.
29
If you're lucky, you might manage a profit margin of 3%.
30
Unless you have some revolutionary way of arranging bananas on the shelf, you're just one of a thousand stores, which customers have no special loyalty towards.
31
You don't see a lot of "proud mother of a Safeway shopper" bumper stickers.
32
But there is money to be made at the very, very top.
33
If you can become a Kroger, or a Whole Foods, surviving long enough that you sell lots of things.
34
So you can A turn around to the companies making those things and say "Hey, we'd like to buy 3 ,000 stores worth of your bananas.
35
Can you make us a deal?" And B cut out the middleman by creating your own generic brand.
36
With size comes leverage, which lets you buy cheaper and ultimately make more money.
37
But again, the problem is getting there.
38
Competing with established companies in any industry usually means losing a
39
lot of money for a long time with only the hope of making it back in the future.
40
But don't give up on your dream quite yet.
41
Here's an idea: Forget groceries for now.
42
Let's just find some way of making money.
43
Like, I don't know, selling cloud storage to enterprise customers.
44
It's a good business, no one else is doing it very well, and in a few years, you'll have so much money you can come back to your dream of starting a grocery store.
45
What does cloud storage have to do with selling grapes?
46
Is that really the most exciting thing you could be doing?
47
Pretty much nothing, and probably not.
48
But who cares?
49
Money is money, and as long as it makes more than the grocery store loses, you can afford to slowly grow it into an empire, even while it isn't yet profitable.
50
This, if you haven't noticed, is my very crude way of describing Amazon.
51
It started as a book company, but Bezos had no special love for books.
52
That was always just a good way of generating capital for his real dream.
53
Today, books are a footnote.
54
The new distraction is called Amazon Web Services .
55
If you're already familiar, bear with me for a sec.
56
A few videos back, I said: "A thousand downloads doesn't cost any more than one.
57
Scale is nearly unlimited." My point was, it's a whole lot easier to sell a thousand note -taking apps than it is a thousand actual notebooks
58
because software is made of bits, and bits don't cost money.
59
Which is mostly true in that context, but not totally accurate in practice.
60
Consider the scale and every computer,
61
in every country, 15 % is just people watching Netflix.
62
15%.
63
Even Uber, which, in theory, just connects the nearest driver to the nearest rider,
64
stores over 100 petabytes of data, or 100 ,000 gigabytes.
65
It also fluctuates dramatically.
66
Every startup dreams of hitting the front page of Reddit, unless you're the engineer, in
67
which case you have a heart attack trying to keep up with such a huge spike in views.
68
Companies, and, especially, startups with limited budgets, have a tough choice: either buy too much capacity, or save money and hope they don't get too popular.
69
At least, until AWS.
70
Amazon realized it could solve this problem with a service: only pay for what you actually use.
71
If your business suddenly explodes in popularity, no problem, just pay a little more.
72
Turn the handle for more data, as you would water or electricity.
73
Amazon takes care of the rest, the same way we outsource building windmills to electric companies.
74
Now, if we look at its total revenue and then divide it by source, it's pretty much what you'd expect.
75
Amazon is mostly an online store, and you're probably wondering why we're talking so much about AWS.
76
But what about its income?
77
Where is it actually making a profit?
78
This is where it gets interesting.
79
Now, Amazon looks like a cloud storage company, with an online retail business on the side.
80
In the fourth quarter of 2018, AWS accounted for 58 % of the company's operating income.
81
It alone made more money than McDonald's.
82
So yeah, it sells lots of USB cables and bananas, but that's not where the money is.
83
AWS is camouflage.
84
It makes the company look good overall, and conceals how much money it loses.
85
One business subsidizes another.
86
And this is where it gets tricky.
87
Because, if you're one of the other grocery stores, you're thinking, "This isn't really fair, how can we compete with someone who doesn't even need to make a profit?" Safeway
88
and Publix don't have $25 billion a year cloud storage businesses.
89
When they sell bananas, they have to, like, you know, make money.
90
This is how, one after another, Amazon enters and dominates a new industry.
91
It plays by a fundamentally different set of rules.
92
Turns out, it's a whole lot easier when you're not super worried about the whole "profit" thing.
93
Of course, predatory pricing, when a company lowers its prices to starve out the competition,
94
companies usually raise their prices again.
95
That's the whole point.
96
Amazon, on the other hand, has always kept its prices low.
97
It's not playing the long game, it's playing the long game.
98
Here's its revenue, and here's its profit.
99
The company touches more money than ever, it just doesn't keep it.
100
Profit has stayed around zero because it's more interested in growth.
101
That's the loophole.
102
In this essay, researcher Lina Khan explains how, since the 70s, antitrust law has used short -term prices to determine whether a company is being anti -competitive.
103
In other words, sure, Amazon is big, it's dominant, and it's killing lots of competitors, but its prices are low, so it flies under the radar.
104
You might be thinking, "So what?
105
If a company uses its size to save you and me money, isn't that a good thing?" But when products are subsidized, either by another profitable business like AWS,
106
or venture capitalists burning money for the sake of growth, they don't have to compete on their own.
107
unrelated.
108
For example, on iPhone, Apple has the platform advantage: it controls
109
which apps are allowed on the App Store and doesn't have to give up 30 % of its revenue, or follow the same rules as everyone else.
110
If you're Clash of Clans, this may seem like a relatively small price to pay for access to 1 .3 billion users.
111
For someone like Spotify, it's a very different story.
112
Music streaming is the digital equivalent of a grocery store.
113
Spotify has such tiny margins that giving Apple 30 % breaks the entire business model.
114
And even if Apple didn't make a dime from its music or news apps, it might still offer them just to attract users to the iPhone.
115
Spotify needs to make money, but Apple Music just doesn't.
116
Apple's apps, therefore, almost certainly have more users than they should.
117
Which is not saying they're good or bad, but that some number of people, maybe one, maybe one million,
118
use the service only because Apple had an unfair advantage in putting it in front of them.
119
site.
120
At some point it realized, "Hey, wait a second, if we have all the data, and we control what people see,
121
why on earth are we sending customers to someone else's product?" So now it competes with its own sellers, on everything from batteries to backpacks and keyboards.
122
But wait, how is that different than any other generic brand?
123
Target has Up & Up and Walmart great value, but no one's complaining they have an unfair advantage.
124
The difference is lock -in.
125
It's much easier to switch grocery stores than it is between iPhone and Android.
126
Companies like Facebook will always say, "Look, you chose to use our service,
127
our 3 ,000 page Terms of Service.
128
But that's not really true.
129
We made one unrelated choice, like buying an iPhone or Android, which required that we make a bunch of other choices later on.
130
Nobody knows what they're getting into.
131
And this will only happen more as companies get even bigger.
132
Amazon is an extreme example because AWS is really profitable and groceries are really not,
133
but entering new categories with the resources you already have is kind of what a company is.
134
You might start by making smartphones but then use that money to sell refrigerators.
135
Fast forward a few years and now you sell life insurance and container ships.
136
Samsung is less a brand and more a by -and -large E -Core conglomerate.
137
Like Amazon, it barely makes sense to think of it as a single, unified company.
138
One division sells parts for the iPhone.
139
Another fiercely competes against that very same device.
140
Even Apple is moving in this direction.
141
Now buy your iPhone with an Apple credit card.
142
Download Apple apps, back them up on Apple's cloud, and watch Apple -branded TV shows.
143
But, there's also a benefit to this integration.
144
One of the best features of the iPhone is that it's all designed by one company as one coherent product.
145
Because Apple owns both Music and iOS, they're easier to use, more convenient, and more powerful together.
146
And, because you have no choice but to use Apple's App Store, your phone is more secure and your data more private.
147
Now, of course, you may disagree.
148
For some, having more freedom might be worth the trade -off for privacy and security.
149
But that doesn't diminish its value for the rest of us.
150
In other words, breaking up some of these companies would actually mean a worse experience for you and me.
151
And if your customer protection proposal makes our lives worse, it's probably a bad one.
152
The EU has shown time and time and time again that governments can make technology worse simply - Yes.
153
So, what's the solution?
154
I don't know.
155
If anything, we've learned you should be skeptical of any simple solution to a problem this big.
156
Instead, here are some ideas.
157
First, we need to expand the scope of what qualifies as anti -competitive behavior.
158
Low prices don't mean the customer isn't being harmed.
159
On the other hand, closed lockdown markets like the App Store aren't necessarily always a bad thing.
160
Second, we need to re -examine some mergers and acquisitions.
161
It happens all the time.
162
An exciting young startup gains some traction only to just be bought by a Google or an Amazon.
163
Sometimes we never hear from it again.
164
Founders are incentivized to sell their companies, to the tune of billions of dollars, but society at large would be better off with more competition.
165
The key is balancing the benefit we all get from the
166
scale of companies like Amazon with the drawbacks of their immense political and economic power.
167
Many of these ideas to break up tech companies are designed only to get headlines, but a real solution requires a deeper, mathematical understanding of the problem,
168
of the type you can learn on Brilliant .org.
169
Their pitch is simple.
170
Sure, you can spend hours reading textbooks, but that's not how most of us learn.
171
We need examples, challenges, and pictures.
172
Their courses on science, math, and computer science are interactive, and you can do the problems a few minutes at a time.
173
Even if you're just waiting in line, you can quickly do one of I just had to take a 17 -hour flight, so I was glad to see you can now download their courses to use offline.
174
Use the link in the description to sign up for free.
175
The first 200 people will get 20 % off the annual premium subscription
176
so you can view all the daily challenges and take all their problem -solving courses.
📺 Aynı Kanal
✨ Video Öner
C13
246 cümleler
$15 Trillion Money-Making Machine | How BlackRock Became Too Powerful to Ignore
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C110
252 cümleler
🎧 Luyện Nghe Tiếng Anh Level C1- SHOPPING - | Listening English Podcast |🎯
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
154 cümleler
歐巴馬談 AI：喊放慢的公司「是真的在擔心自己的產品」【AI 大人說】
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C1144 cümleler
Bill Gates, Charlie Munger, Warren Buffett on the socialism versus capitalism debate
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C15
45 cümleler
The plan to break apart Google... RIP Chrome
American AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
407 cümleler
Why The U.S. Can’t Copy Japanese 7-Eleven | AB Explained
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B2117 cümleler
POV: you built a $1 million youtube business with no expertise
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
276 cümleler
Learn English with the JOE ROGAN PODCAST — Elon Musk
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
51 cümleler
Great Moments in Unintended Consequences: Yosemite Permits, Italy Superbonus, Salary Caps (Vol. 22)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
169 cümleler
Powering The Internet is Becoming a Big Problem
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
190 cümleler
He’s always wrong
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
183 cümleler
Trademark enforcement: Dealing with infringement on social media and e-commerce platforms
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu C1 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Is Amazon Too Big?” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: Amazon, Apple, store, companies, App. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 175 cümle ve 2277 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 13:56 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 163 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin %85’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| banana isim | /bəˈnænə/ | muz |
| profitable sıfat | /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/ | kârlı, kazançlı |
| excite fiil | /ɪkˈsaɪt/ | heyecanlandırmak |
| subsidize fiil | /ˈsʌbsɪdaɪz/ | sübvanse etmek |
| competitor isim | /kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/ | rakip |
| subscription isim | /səbˈskɹɪpʃən/ | abonelik |
| camouflage isim | /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/ | kılık değiştirme |
| footnote isim | /ˈfʊtˌnoʊt/ | dipnot, haşiye |
| gigabyte isim | /ˈɡɪɡəbaɪt/ | gigabayt |
| grocer isim | /ˈɡɹoʊ.səɹ/ | bakkal |
| loophole isim | /ˈluphoʊl/ | kaçamak |
| middleman isim | [ˈmɪdɫ̩ˌmæn] | aracı, komisyoncu |
| starve fiil | /stɑɹv/ | açlıktan ölmek |
| lockdown isim | /ˈlɑkˌdaʊn/ | kapanma, sokağa çıkma kısıtlaması |
| conceal fiil | /kənˈsil/ | gizlemek |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| get off fiil | inmek |
Tekrar etmeye değer cümleler
Videodan, günlük konuşmada yeniden kullanabileceğiniz kısa ve tam cümleler:
- Let's say you want to start a grocery store.
- Let's just find some way of making money.
- Is that really the most exciting thing you could be doing?
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | is sponsored · be allowed · being questioned |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | have gotten · they've abused · has launched |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı you're, don't, doesn't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 46 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: subscription /səbˈskɹɪpʃən/, camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/, diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/, inflection /ɪnˈflɛkʃən/, shopper /ˈʃɑ.pɚ/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: competitor /kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/, conglomerate /kənˈɡlɑ.mɚ.ət/, incentivize /ɪnˈsɛntɪvaɪz/, predatory /ˈpɹɛdəˌtɔɹi/, synonymous /sɪˈnɑnɪməs/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: grocery /ˈɡɹəʊ.s(ə.)ɹi/, startup /ˈstɑɹtˌʌp/, profitable /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/, groceries /ˈɡɹoʊ.s(ə.)ɹiz/, drawback /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: banana /bəˈnænə/, antitrust /ˌæntiˈtɹʌst/, camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/, drawback /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/, middleman [ˈmɪdɫ̩ˌmæn]
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; banana, profitable, excite gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.