Shadowing Practice: Respiratory System 5, Podcast on breathing - Learn English Speaking with Video
Bir pratik modu seçin
Her mod tam ekran bir pratik odası açar.
87 cümleler
Cümleler çok kısa veya çok uzun ise, ayarlamak için Düzenle'ye tıklayın.
1
Now ventilation describes the process whereby air is sucked into the lungs and blown out of the lungs.
2
Ventilation is the physical transfer of air in and out of the lungs.
3
This is the process we would normally simply refer to as breathing.
4
And it's one of the fundamental things that we need to understand, this mechanism of ventilation.
5
because if we understand the mechanism of ventilation we're in a position to do something about it
6
when that mechanism goes wrong and you will come across many situations in your clinical life where there's problems of ventilation.
7
So you might come across patients with chest injuries of various types such as a pneumothorax
8
or a haemothorax or a pulmonary contusion and you'll certainly come across people with airways diseases such as chronic bronchitis,
9
emphysema, chronic asthma, acute asthma, pneumonia, various other pulmonary infections.
10
So this is something you're going to come across almost on a daily basis
11
and of course it fits in quite nicely with our priorities in clinical care which are airway, breathing and circulation.
12
So the patent airway
13
and the ability to ventilate the lungs is always right at the top of our priority of clinical interventions.
14
Now first of all we need to think a little bit about the anatomy.
15
So we have the chest wall, now there's 12 pairs of ribs in the chest wall,
16
12 ribs on either side connected by the sternum at the front
17
and the ribs are connected to the sternum via the costal cartilage and in between the ribs we have the intercostal muscles.
18
So costal means to do with ribs So the intercostal muscles are the muscles between the ribs.
19
And at the bottom of the thoracic cavity, separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity below,
20
we have the diaphragm which is a domed sheet of muscle.
21
Now the first thing we need to do is to breathe in the process of inspiration.
22
So if you put your hands on your front of your chest
23
and take a deep breath in I think you can probably see that your hands move up and out.
24
So to facilitate the process of inspiration the external intercostal muscles contract
25
and that has the effect of pulling the rib cage
26
that is the chest wall or the thoracic wall up
27
and out and at the same time if you put your hand on your tummy and you take a breath in
28
if you take a deep breath in with your hand on your tummy i think you can probably see
29
that your hand moves up the way so during inspiration the chest wall moves up and out and the abdomen moves outwards.
30
Now the reason that the abdomen is moving outwards is that the diaphragm is moving down.
31
So to facilitate inspiration the diaphragm flattens and in doing
32
so moves down and that's going to press on the contents of the abdominal cavity
33
and that's what makes your tummy go out when you take a breath in.
34
So we have a situation where the ribs
35
and intercostal muscles have pulled the chest wall up and out and the diaphragm is flattened.
36
Now these two measures are going to increase the volume in the chest, they're going to increase intrathoracic volume.
37
So the volume in the chest is now greater.
38
Now if the volume in the chest is greater let me ask you what is
39
that going to do to the pressure inside the chest, what is that going to do to intrathoracic pressure?
40
Well if the volume is greater the pressure is going to be reduced
41
because now the air molecules that were in the chest have got a greater volume to move around in.
42
So as the ribs go up and out the diaphragm goes down the volume increases but the pressure decreases
43
And what this means is the pressure inside the lungs
44
which of course are located inside the thoracic cavity is now lower than the atmospheric pressure
45
and as a result of this air is going to be
46
sucked in from the external atmosphere where the air pressure is relatively high into the lungs where the pressure is lower
47
as a result of the expansion of the thoracic cavity.
48
So air is actually sucked into the lungs.
49
We are negative pressure ventilators.
50
We ventilate the lungs because we generate a negative pressure in the lungs and the air is sucked in.
51
That's good because
52
that means fresh air comes in with plenty of oxygen ready
53
to be absorbed into the blood in the process of gaseous exchange.
54
and of course we depend on this constant supply of oxygen to support all of our energy generating processes throughout the body.
55
So oxygen from that inhaled air will go into the blood from the air in the lungs
56
and in the same way carbon dioxide generated by metabolic processes
57
throughout the body will diffuse from the blood into the air in the lungs.
58
So this means that the air that we inhaled
59
that was high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide is now lower in oxygen but higher in carbon dioxide.
60
So we need to breathe it out again so the air can be refreshed again.
61
Now this process of expiration or breathing out is actually facilitated in two ways.
62
The first is that the lungs themselves are very elastic so
63
if you blow a lung up just like a balloon it will contract all on its own because it has elastic walls.
64
The small air sacs called the alveoli have elastic tissues in their walls
65
and they will naturally contract down again
66
and as the alveoli contract down that's going to decrease the volume of the air inside these alveolar air sacs.
67
If you decrease the volume that will increase the pressure causing the air to be blown out.
68
So it happens on the scale of the small elastic air sacs
69
but it also happens on the scale of the entire thoracic cavity
70
because when you breathe out your chest wall will move down and in.
71
The intercostal muscles will relax and the chest wall will naturally fall down
72
and in and at the same time as this the diaphragm will go up.
73
Now when the diaphragm goes up it's relaxing so relaxation causes the diaphragm to dome up the way.
74
It's the contraction of the diaphragm that causes it to flatten
75
and move down during the process of inspiration but now we're breathing out
76
so all the diaphragm has to do is relax and it will assume it's upward projecting domed position.
77
So the chest wall goes down and in and the diaphragm goes up
78
and the combination of these two movements is going to decrease the volume in the thoracic cavity.
79
So now we have more air molecules in a given space so that's going to increase the pressure.
80
So to breathe out, chest wall down and in, diaphragm up, therefore the volume is going to be decreased,
81
therefore the pressure is going to be increased.
82
And this has the effect of increasing the pressure inside the lungs in the thoracic cavity.
83
It increases the pressure above the atmospheric pressure
84
and as a result of this the air is going to be blown out of the chest.
85
So we We inspire by generating negative intrathoracic pressures
86
and we expire by generating positive intrathoracic pressures facilitated by the movement of the chest wall and the movement of the diaphragm.
87
That is the basic mechanism of how air gets in and out of the lungs.
Uygulamayı İndir
Akıcı konuşmak için ihtiyacınız olan her şey
AI TelaffuzHer cümleyi puanla
IPA AlıştırmasıHer sesi ustalaştır
Kelime BilgisiKelime bankanızı oluşturun
Kelime OyunuOynarken öğrenin
FOR YOU
Video Öner
C11
335 cümleler
Introduction to CT Chest - Anatomy and Approach
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C17
112 cümleler
Your Voice Is a Wind Instrument | Matt Abrahams on Projecting Without Straining
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
55 cümleler
Pneumothorax - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C16
108 cümleler
Homeostasis - How Your Body Keeps its Balance - Physiology Series
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
181 cümleler
Cough & Shortness of Breath History | Lung cancer | OSCE Guide | UKMLA | CPSA | PLAB 2
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
230 cümleler
Left Sided Heart Failure
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
426 cümleler
Learn the IPA for English Consonants!
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
100 cümleler
Epithelial Tissue
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
44 cümleler
COMPLETE FIRST CERTIFICATE 2015 UNIT 7
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C17
72 cümleler
SVINutes: Cerebral Venous Sinus Anatomy
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C134
44 cümleler
Welcome to the Huberman Lab Podcast
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1117 cümleler
Anatomy & Physiology: The Ultimate Beginner's Guide | Dr. Bee's Tutorials
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu C1 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Respiratory System 5, Podcast on breathing” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: chest, pressure, lung, diaphragm, wall. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 87 cümle ve 1264 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 8:10 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 155 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin yalnızca %80’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| diaphragm isim | /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/ | diyafram |
| cavity isim | /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/ | kovuk |
| rib isim | /ɹɪb/ | kaburga |
| elastic sıfat | /ə-/ | elastik |
| facilitate fiil | /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ | kolaylaştırmak |
| flatten fiil | /ˈflæ.tən/ | yasmak |
| tummy isim | /ˈtʌ.mi/ | göbüş |
| dome isim | /dəʊm/ | kubbe, kümbet |
| abdomen isim | /ˈæb.də.mən/ | karın |
| abdominal sıfat | /æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ | karın ile ilgili |
| molecule isim | /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ | molekül |
| asthma isim | /ˈæzmə/ | astım, yelpik |
| atmospheric sıfat | /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/ | atmosferik, cevvi |
| bronchitis isim | /bɹɒŋˈkaɪtɪs/ | bronşit |
| cartilage isim | /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/ | kıkırdak |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| come across fiil | karşıdan karşıya geçmek |
| go out fiil | çıkmak |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | is sucked · are connected · is flattened |
| İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi | care which are · diaphragm which is |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı we're, they're, you'll gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 5 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “th” sesleri: thoracic /θəˈɹæsɪk/, pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: ventilation /ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, contraction /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/, contusion /kənˈtuʒən/, expiration /ˌɛk.spɚˈeɪ̯.ʃən/, refresh /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: intercostal /ˌɪn.tɚˈkɔ.stəl/, ventilation /ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/, alveolus /ælˈvi.əl.əs/, pulmonary /ˈpʌl.məˌnɛ.ɹi/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: airway /ˈɛɚ.weɪ/, outwards /ˈaʊtwɚdz/, upward /ˈʌpwɚd/, whereby /wɛə(ɹ)ˈbaɪ/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: flatten /ˈflæ.tən/, sternum /ˈstɝ.nəm/, bronchitis /bɹɒŋˈkaɪtɪs/, pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/, pneumonia /njuˈməʊniə/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: diaphragm /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/, cavity /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/, thoracic /θəˈɹæsɪk/, flatten /ˈflæ.tən/, sac /sæk/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; diaphragm, cavity, rib gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.