Shadowing Practice: Why This Country Was Erased From History - Learn English Speaking with Video
Bir pratik modu seçin
Her mod tam ekran bir pratik odası açar.
164 cümleler
Cümleler çok kısa veya çok uzun ise, ayarlamak için Düzenle'ye tıklayın.
1
Up in the Zagros Mountains have long lived a people called the Kurds.
2
There are people with a centuries-long history of fighting back against invaders who have crossed through their lands,
3
resisting conquest in the name of defending their shared cultural identity, some living as nomads, a people with no friends but these mountains.
4
Eventually, the Ottoman Empire did take over all of this territory.
5
But even then, the Kurds maintained large amounts of autonomy and freedom in their land.
6
Then came World War I, when the European powers defeated the Ottoman Empire and conquered all of this.
7
The winners got together and discussed how they would carve it up between them.
8
If you look back at old European maps, you'll see that all of this area would be labeled Kurdistan, an area where the Kurdish people lived and had some self-rule.
9
So while drawing these lines, the British wanted to mark all of this as Kurdish territory, paving a way for an independent country for the Kurds.
10
But the new leader of Turkey opposed this plan.
11
He didn't want to give all this land and resources to the Kurds.
12
So he pushed the European forces out of Turkey.
13
They gave up on this plan to give the Kurds their own land.
14
And in the end, instead of drawing borders around the Kurds, the Europeans drew borders through them.
15
What could have been Kurdistan was now five different territories.
16
The Kurds split between them.
17
But at first, these were just lines on a map, and the Kurds continued to move through this region.
18
Eventually, the Europeans left, and these became independent countries with leaders who wanted to consolidate and centralize power.
19
So these lines hardened, restricting the Kurds' movement and their livelihood in this region.
20
But even still, across this region, the Kurds didn't give up on their idea of someday gaining independence,
21
self-rule, or maybe even a country of their own.
22
I don't like the feeling of being spied on, but we all are kind of spied on, some of us by governments,
23
but almost all of us are spied on by corporations who collect our information, it on these data broker lists
24
and sell it on an open market to people who want to make money off of us.
25
And that brings me to the sponsor of today's video, Incogni, which is a personal information removal service.
26
What you do is you sign up for Incogni
27
and you give them permission to go out on your behalf and to take you off of all of these lists.
28
They audit like how many lists you're on.
29
They go find it and they show you on this dashboard like you are on hundreds of different information lists.
30
And then they go through the process of of requesting that you be taken off that list.
31
And if anyone pushes back, like one of the corporations, like makes it harder, Incogni follows through with the process to make sure that you get off of all of these lists.
32
The people who want this information aren't just marketers who want to sell you like new tennis shoes, but it's like people search sites, which are becoming a thing
33
that use this data to like put you on these people search sites so people can find your information.
34
Health insurance companies will sometimes buy some of this data so
35
that they can use like your web browsing history to like jack up your health insurance bill?
36
Luckily, Incogni exists, and I am genuinely grateful for that.
37
Like unrelated to the fact that they're sponsoring today's video, which like I'm very grateful for that too.
38
So if you wanna get in on Incogni at a discount, there's a link in my description.
39
It's incogni.com slash Johnny Harris.
40
When you click the link, it helps support the channel and it gets you 60% off their annual plan.
41
Use the code Johnny Harris in the checkout box and you'll get a discount.
42
Thank you, Incogni, for sponsoring our journalism.
43
And now it's time to dive into this mapping story.
44
Throughout the 1900s, the Kurds in each of these new countries took different approaches to fight for an independent Kurdish state.
45
Some Kurds would use politics, others would use violence.
46
The early uprisings were crushed by the leaders of these new countries, who saw the Kurds as a threat to their efforts to unify their country around a common language and culture.
47
Like in Iran, where the Kurds had some political rights, but they fought for more.
48
They wanted autonomy and independence.
49
The government of Iran wouldn't have any of this.
50
They would crack down with violence on the Kurds, often supported by Western powers.
51
By the 1970s Iran was going through a revolution and the Kurds tried again to rise up.
52
But this new regime had no tolerance for a group that would challenge the leadership of the ruling religious leader.
53
So once again, they were put down.
54
Over in Iraq, Kurdish fighters fought hard against the government throughout the 20th century.
55
Until the 1970s, when this new regime came in and made a deal with the Kurds,
56
saying that they would be recognized as an ethnic group and would be guaranteed political representation.
57
It seemed like a huge deal for the Kurds, but it turned out to be a false promise.
58
The Iraqi regime, now led by Saddam Hussein, would continue to repress the Kurds, the Kurds, eventually dropping deadly chemical weapons on Kurdish towns in Iraq,
59
systematically killing thousands of Kurdish civilians in a genocide supported by American-made supplies that were sold to Saddam.
60
Over in Syria, the Kurds were treated decently under the French-controlled government.
61
They were citizens and had some rights.
62
But after the French left in the 40s, the regimes that came after oppressed the Kurds, And by the 1970s, the Syrian government was arresting and deporting them,
63
taking their land and giving it to Arabs.
64
In total, the Syrian government would remove 140,000 Kurds from the country.
65
Decades later, Syria and the United States would both find the Kurds in Syria useful for their political goals.
66
But first, let's talk about Turkey.
67
There's more Kurdish people here than in any other country.
68
The same government that had fought against a Kurdish state early on continued to oppress the Kurds, denying them citizenship, outlawing their language,
69
and keeping them out of politics, all with the goal of wiping out their culture from Turkey as a part of this Turkification campaign
70
which tried to unify Turkey under one culture, targeting the Kurds and other ethnic minorities.
71
Some Kurds fought back against this in the early years, but were quickly crushed by the Turkish state,
72
leading to the creation of an armed insurgent group with communist ideology.
73
They're called the Kurdish Workers' Party, or PKK, and it would become one of the biggest Turkish resistance movements.
74
The PKK would use violence, like suicide bombings and improvised explosives, as well as youth militia fires against the Turkish government — tactics
75
that they say are the only way to fight back against such oppression.
76
And as a result, Turkey and most Western powers consider the PKK a terrorist group.
77
So that's how the Kurds in these four countries became locked in a conflict with their governments.
78
They all have different struggles, but they're all unified by the dream of some version of Kurdish independence.
79
But it doesn't take long for these regimes to see that they could use the Kurds as a tool, as a weapon.
80
One of the earliest examples of this happens at the end of World War II,
81
when the Soviet Union sees an opportunity to gain land and access to oil by supplying and arming the Kurds in Iran,
82
allowing them to rise up against the government and declare their own country, supported by the Soviet Union.
83
But it didn't work.
84
The US pressures the Soviets to leave, and now without support, the government of Iran, which is backed by the US and UK,
85
go on to crush this movement of Kurds in their country.
86
The Kurds are back to being repressed by the government.
87
In the 1980s, Syria uses the Kurds as a weapon against its rival Turkey
88
when it allows the PKK to start operating within Syria, giving them money and weapons so that they can hurt Turkey.
89
Syria is doing this in spite of having spent years removing hundreds of thousands of Kurds from its own country.
90
This escalates the conflict between these two, and Turkey threatens to invade Syria.
91
So Syria backs down and kicks the PKK out to avoid being invaded,
92
showing once again how the Kurds' willingness to fight can easily become a pawn in the geopolitics of the region, discarded once they aren't useful anymore.
93
In the 1980s, Iran and Iraq both use the Kurds at the same time as a weapon to hurt each other.
94
Even as both countries are cracking down on Kurds in their own country,
95
Saddam Hussein funds and arms the Kurds in Iran while Iran funds the Kurds in northern Iraq,
96
both sides hoping to spark a Kurdish uprising that will distract and weaken their enemy.
97
In Iraq, Saddam Hussein retaliates against the Kurds in his country with
98
that genocidal chemical attack we talked about earlier that killed at least 50,000 Kurdish people and probably much more.
99
Once again, the Kurdish dream of independence was used by outsiders as a weapon, and the Kurdish people paid heavily for it.
100
The U.S would get involved when, in the 90s, they would come to this region fighting against Saddam Hussein for the first time.
101
The U.S rallies the Kurds, calling for them to overthrow Saddam.
102
George Bush Sr. literally calls them to action with television and radio broadcasts throughout the country.
103
That the Iraqi people should put him aside and
104
that would facilitate the resolution of all these problems that exist
105
and certainly would facilitate the acceptance of Iraq back into the family of peace-loving nations.
106
And it seems to work.
107
It sparks an uprising that looks successful at first.
108
The US had instigated this uprising, and they have forces in the region that they could send to support the Kurds, but they do nothing.
109
This allows Saddam to regather his forces and crush this coup, and to increase this oppression, ensuring that nothing like this ever happens again.
110
Now, the US and UK do eventually step in to create this no-fly zone, meant to protect the Kurds in the north and the Shiites in the south.
111
This gives the Kurds some autonomy over their region and protects them from further airstrikes by the Iraqi army.
112
Soon the US is back in Iraq.
113
It's 2003 and the Bush administration decides to invade and remove Saddam from power.
114
The Kurds in Iraq hope that the US presence in this region will mean finally they will get their own state.
115
They will be independent.
116
They join the US in fighting against Saddam and his loyalists, battling insurgents and later against ISIS.
117
The Kurds would even go on to hold a vote, showing that 92% of the population was in favor of independence.
118
But the U.S won't support this, worried that it might destabilize this new Iraqi state that the U.S just propped up.
119
Even when the Kurds fight on the side of the U.S
120
and their interests, U.S support for their cause still remains very limited.
121
They still look the other way as Turkey bombs their towns in Iraq, hunting for the PKK.
122
This same pattern has continued in recent years in the country of Syria, a country that descended into civil war around 2011.
123
This chaos looked like an opportunity for the Kurds in Syria, a chance to establish real control over what they see as a part of Kurdistan.
124
The PKK in Turkey helps create a new Kurdish militia called the People's Protection Unit, or YPG.
125
They seize large swaths of land in the north and they declare self-governance.
126
Around this same time, the terrorist group ISIS is taking huge swaths of territory in the north and east of the country, creating their so-called caliphate.
127
And here comes the U.S once again, asking the Kurds for help, hoping that they will fight against ISIS on the ground for them.
128
But because this group is allied with the PKK, which they consider a terrorist group,
129
the US asks this militia to rebrand themselves to the Syrian Democratic Forces, which obscures their connection to the PKK.
130
The US then trains, funds, and arms them to fight ISIS.
131
The Kurds are once again the US's weapon.
132
This plan works, and with help from US airstrikes, this Kurdish militia kicks ISIS out of more and more land.
133
But Turkey hates this.
134
All they see is a potential Kurdish state right on their southern border a safe haven for the PKK
135
that will allow more attacks against the Turkish military.
136
But Turkey can't attack this branch of the Kurds while they're being supported by the United States.
137
Lucky for them, there's a new president in the White House, and he's promised to pull the U.S out of the war in Syria.
138
And in 2019, to the dismay of the Kurds, he makes good on this promise.
139
With the U.S out of the way, Turkey invades, launching airstrikes and artillery against the Kurds in this border region,
140
saying that their plan is to create a 32-kilometer deep safe zone right here along the border, and that no Kurdish forces are allowed to be here.
141
The plan was to then resettle Syrian refugees currently living in Turkey.
142
It's a brutal campaign that looks a lot like what Syria was doing to the Kurds in the 70s.
143
The US completely abandons the Kurds, even after using them to fight their enemy ISIS.
144
Turkey, a NATO and US ally, continues to bomb them, using weapons from the United States.
145
They spend the next four years sending drone strikes and air strikes into Syria and Iraq, anywhere they think the PKK has a presence.
146
This map shows all of their attacks during this time.
147
You can see that it's not just against the Kurds in Turkey, but across this whole region.
148
Today, the Kurdish groups in this region vary more widely than ever, each with different values and visions for the future,
149
forged from each of their unique struggles and traumas.
150
Kurdish groups still fight the government in Iran, with the goal of creating their own state.
151
new Iraqi constitution.
152
But it doesn't seem like this autonomy will last, as recently the Iraqi army is fighting with the Kurds to
153
maintain control over the oil resources in this area to keep the Kurds economically dependent on the central government
154
so that they never break away.
155
Once again the U.S is not supporting the Kurds in this fight.
156
Turkey continues its offensive against the PKK and other Kurdish groups in the region
157
and they continue to crack down on the Kurds politically, arresting Kurdish politicians and activists,
158
censoring journalists to intimidate the Kurdish people from participating in the election.
159
The Kurds in Syria face a new and uncertain future.
160
They do have some autonomy up here in the north, but are surrounded by enemies, no longer counting on any support from the U.S.
161
The story of the Kurds is the story of a people who are willing to fight like few others, all in the name of their culture and identity.
162
That willingness to fight has presented a threat to regional governments, bent on control of their people and the resources within their borders.
163
That willingness to fight has also been hijacked by outside powers, turning the Kurds into a pawn to fulfill geopolitical objectives.
164
Each time, showing how willing these powers are to use the Kurds, and then abandon their cause.
Uygulamayı İndir
Akıcı konuşmak için ihtiyacınız olan her şey
AI TelaffuzHer cümleyi puanla
IPA AlıştırmasıHer sesi ustalaştır
Kelime BilgisiKelime bankanızı oluşturun
Kelime OyunuOynarken öğrenin
Aynı Kanal
C12
The REAL reason China built so much
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
What I've been working on all year
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
1955 vs 2025, who actually had it better?
American AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B23
The Internet Didn't Fail. It Was Taken.
American AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
The Problem With Elon Musk
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
At North Korea’s Border
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
What’s really happening in the ocean’s “dark zones”
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
Your Olive Oil is (probably) a Lie
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Why is Russia So DAMN BIG?
American AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
What’s ACTUALLY Happening in North Korea
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B210
How The US Stole The Panama Canal, Mapped
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
Why you’re so tired
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Video Öner
B2160
34 cümleler
IELTS Speaking Part 3: Cities, Housing and Transport
American AccentBritish AccentIELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
236 cümleler
The ENTIRE History of WW2 Explained
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
B23
274 cümleler
“They Control Many Things” - Did the Jewish Lobby or the CIA Cause The Fall of Iran?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
517 cümleler
DEMOCRACY: Ancient vs. Modern
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
183 cümleler
History Professor Answers Corruption Questions | Tech Support | WIRED
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C111
99 cümleler
Are There Lost Alien Civilizations in Our Past?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
180 cümleler
FULL SPEECH: King Abdullah of Jordan Slams Israel, Calls West Bank Displacement a War Crime | AC1G
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
85 cümleler
"Communities... are getting angrier and angrier" | Rory Stewart and Neil Kinnock immigration debate
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B26
40 cümleler
Tanya's Speech || Humans prefer emotions over logic, irrationalism of humanity || Youjo senki
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B23
160 cümleler
Why everyone stopped reading.
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu B2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Why This Country Was Erased From History” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: Kurds, Kurdish, Turkey, Syria, Pkk. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 164 cümle ve 2662 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 16:13 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 164 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin yalnızca %80’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| autonomy isim | /ɔˈtɑ.nə.mi/ | özerklik, otonomi |
| invade fiil | /ɪnˈveɪd/ | istila etmek |
| crush fiil | /kɹʌʃ/ | ezmek |
| uprising isim | /ˈʌpˌɹaɪzɪŋ/ | isyan, ayaklanma |
| willingness isim | /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/ | gönüllülük |
| insurgent isim | /ɪnˈsəɹd͡ʒənt/ | isyancı |
| pawn isim | /ˈpɔːn/ | piyon |
| oppression isim | /əˈpɹɛʃən/ | baskı |
| spark isim | /ˈspɑɹk/ | kıvılcım, şerare |
| facilitate fiil | /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ | kolaylaştırmak |
| abandon fiil | /əˈbæn.dən/ | bırakmak |
| declare fiil | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | beyan etmek, deklare etmek |
| caliphate isim | /ˈkælɪfeɪt/ | hilafet, halifelik |
| dashboard isim | /ˈdæʃˌboɹd/ | kadran, gösterge panosu |
| deport fiil | /dɪˈpɔɹt/ | sınırdışı etmek |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| get together fiil | toplanmak, buluşmak |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | would be labeled · being spied · are spied |
| İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi | people who want · Incogni, which is · Iran, which is |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | have crossed · has continued · has presented |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı they're, didn't, aren't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 20 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “th” sesleri: swath /swɑθ/, overthrow /ˌoʊvɚˈθɹoʊ/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: militia /məˈlɪʃə/, crush /kɹʌʃ/, oppression /əˈpɹɛʃən/, dashboard /ˈdæʃˌboɹd/, citizenship /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: autonomy /ɔˈtɑ.nə.mi/, facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/, consolidate /kənˈsɒl.ɪ.deɪt/, destabilize /diːˈsteɪbɪlaɪz/, geopolitics /ˌdʒioʊˈpɑlətɪks/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: willingness /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/, swath /swɑθ/, conquest /ˈkɑnkwɛst/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: crush /kɹʌʃ/, sponsor /ˈspɒn.səː/, swath /swɑθ/, spark /ˈspɑɹk/, browse /bɹaʊz/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: abandon /əˈbæn.dən/, caliphate /ˈkælɪfeɪt/, dashboard /ˈdæʃˌboɹd/, hijack /ˈhaɪ.d͡ʒæk/, rebrand /ɹiːˈbɹænd/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; autonomy, invade, crush gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.