Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: 7 Ways Reading Construction Drawings Can Make You Invaluable

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Hi, I'm Tom Stevenson and welcome to my YouTube channel.

Today we're going to be looking at seven ways reading construction drawings makes you invaluable.

I'm a professor of construction management, have a long history of training people in construction,

and I can tell you firsthand your ability to really be valuable to your employer,

valuable in your career, and actually move and shake things is how well you can read and understand construction drawings.

So let's dive into these seven points that we'll cover today.

So there's this point that I like to bring up in a lot of my videos, and it comes from Cal Newport.

He's written a lot of books like

Deep Work and other ones, and be so good they can't ignore you.

And one of the ways that you can be so good

that your employer can't ignore you is if you have rare and useful skills such as print reading really well,

understanding specifications, contract documents, and being able to translate that into actual construction practices.

So construction drawing literacy is a really powerful thing.

And we're going to talk about knowledge, understanding, judgment, trust, all of those aspects and how they flow together.

When we think about reading drawings, there's things on drawings that you might not pay attention to,

you know, if you're not really aware of it like this little corner here

if you look at it it's got this little aspect

that points out right and it's like sometimes people doing form work they could miss something like

that and just make it square the corner i've blown it up like i'm looking at it in close

and it says like there should be a hundred millimeters there

but you should be able to see this round dot here here

and say well what is

that what is this well this is a steel beam that's going to go into a beam pocket, but this round dot, what is that?

You could actually look at the reference in the construction notes and it'll give you an indicator of what it is.

That's in the basement.

You look on the first floor, you see it here.

Oh, over here, the round dot goes right across and there's a steel beam on top of it.

Oh, and it's got 180 millimeter by 10 millimeter thick plate, right?

Right.

That could be like an eight inch by three eighths inch thick steel plate,

if you will, that is welded to the beam.

So you have to pick these little things up when you see it and you have to try to visualize.

Well, why is that there?

Right.

Why is that there?

Well, that goes from floor plan to elevation drawing.

Oh, this sticks out.

Right.

This is sticking out.

The second floor is not sticking out.

It's brick.

So the house is brick veneer, face brick.

Okay, so something has to support the brick going across the front of the house because this sticks out, right?

And we look back here.

Oh, this is going to be what supports the brick.

So we have to be thinking about how all these things connect and being able to look at the different drawings.

And then we have to be thinking about, you know, the special requirements.

If we're managing the project of procuring the steel the special

requirements from the form work to installing the steel the brick

work how the joists are going to tie in these all require skills in reading drawings

or you don't see it and then you're reacting to things

that aren't correct so like in the basement there's that part

that sticks out you have to visualize what we're looking at

and that's a real strong tool all right so basically

that it nib that was 100 millimeters four inches sticking out there's the steel beam it's resting

if you looked up number 38

you see it talks about the thickness of the steel beam it's an astm such and such

and basically it's going to have a steel plate

that's a certain size here's the other steel beam that's intersecting into the beam pocket here is

that steel plate you can kind of tell by basically it looks like there was some mud on this

but basically it's welded on here the post is welded to the steel beam

and there's the brick that's sitting on top of it.

And here's coming up through the floor.

You have to be able to visualize all these things.

And then there's going to be some things that you probably have to improvise on the project with the framer,

because you're going to make sure that you don't have a joist coming in here.

And the framer is going to make sure that this is going to be room for the steel.

So they basically put a double header in here just to support that space there.

So it's not interfered with.

So there's a whole bunch of little steps that go that's involved with this.

So you really want to review the drawings, visualize the finished building.

Not everybody's always that good at that.

And one of the reasons is these are orthographic drawings.

They're flat.

You don't see depth.

I have to look at a floor plan, side elevations, plan view to see the depth.

And that's a tool that you have to, when you get a new set of drawings, really sort of...

systemize like you're walking through the building you're walking around the building BIM can help BIM can help

if you've got a 3D model of something

that can help you can see it 3D you can remove layers

so that you could see it at different stages depending on the level of BIM

that it has does it have mechanical systems in it etc duck runs plumbing pipes etc to what level

and of course if you get into things like data centers

and things like that there'll be BIM drawings will be a digital twin where you can see everything

because you got to work out all the interferences in the digital twin before

you do it on site all right so that can be really helpful

but you also have to understand that the map is not always the territory

so you got to sort of be looking ahead for possible problems possible interferences possible things that could trip you well.

And if you really understand drawings really well, then that's going to be really helpful from that perspective.

And you're visualizing, as I said, like what does the finished building look like?

What does this finished building actually look like?

It looks pretty close, right?

There's going to be some differences.

There's a difference here.

There's a few differences, but it looks pretty close.

So that's what you're trying to get clear in your mind

so that you can construct it

but you also have to think through the different layers

that are involved and so the difference between reading a drawing i guess the difference between knowledge

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and understanding that's a thing all right that's a thing

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it's one thing to know the name of something

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it's another thing to really understand what it does how it

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goes in some of the restrictions some of the constraints right

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so you know reading symbols memorizing symbols notes and things like

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that that's great and that's really good

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but we've got to understand well what does

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that mean to me like it might mean something

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if it says duplex outlet height as noted all right

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so they'll put the height of the outlet well where are they going to do

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that they're most likely going to do that like above kitchen cabinets above vanities

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because you want to plug that's above the splash of the countertop

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so whatever height it is it has to work out

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or it could be in the back of a cabinet

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or a microwave shelf or something of that nature

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so you have to understand okay great

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this is a outlet duplex receptacle duplex receptacle outlet different words meaning the same thing

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and this is a height oh and then

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if it's not doesn't say anything

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it's going to be the standard height basically 12 inches off

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the floor these little nuances of space between the spaces that you got to really kind to start to anticipate, right?

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And applying it, anticipating these constraints,

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anticipating these interference things that are going to cause ripple effects in your ability to manage the project.

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If you're able to do that and stick handle around it, you are valuable.

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You are really, really valuable from that perspective, all right?

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So I use this Richard Feynman quote, he was this

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Nobel laureate physicist, renowned teacher too, professor, and there's a difference between knowing something and understanding something, right?

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There's a difference between knowing something and understanding something.

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Okay, you know that it is called a lintel over a doorway.

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In Canada, we call it a lintel.

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Everywhere else, they call it a header, but a lot of people here, they call it a header.

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The problem with that is the building code only has headers

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and floors okay fine so you just should know the difference in the terminology

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so you can look stuff up you understand the building code

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you can talk to a building inspector on their language those kind of things are important

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but then if you really understand it you know what function it's performing

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and it's distributing loads off to the sides and it's carrying live

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and dead loads and basically how you frame it is important

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and all of these other aspects now you're understanding it now you're getting it

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and it's coming through so that's that's helpful from that perspective

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if you can spot problems early whatever the problems might be differences between architectural structural especially

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when you get into commercial work we've got separate drawings done by different consultants

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and are they in alignment with each other

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because sometimes we're all human nobody I've never seen a set of perfect drawings ever

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I've never seen a perfect trade work without even the slightest mistake there's always room for improvement right

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and so if you can spot something there's little things

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that probably aren't going to be a big deal but

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if you can spot something oh we better do something about this right

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now that'll save us hours weeks of rework later on you have value when you do that right and so never over.

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Never assume the drawings are 100 % correct, because they aren't.

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And there's this old saying, I don't know if you've heard it, but when you assume, you make an ass out of you and me, right?

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So it's just this little play on words that when I was a kid that used to always say.

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So we don't want to assume, we want to know, and we want to understand.

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We want to go from knowing to understanding.

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See the big picture.

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So looking at it, basically, when you're looking at, you're looking at how does all these parts fit together?

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And you're looking at the different drawings.

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You're looking at from a floor plan.

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And then there might be a section detail.

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And then you're looking at the section detail.

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And what does this tell me?

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And sometimes when you look at the floor plan, you're kind of like, okay, there should be a detail on this.

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Like here, this is like a close -up of a stairs going into a basement

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and you see this little cutting plane line and it's saying E and so that tells me there's a detail somewhere.

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I'm also seeing the steel.

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I know when I see a stairs on an outside wall there's going to be some reinforcing in

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that concrete because it's laterally unsupported typically.

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All right so typically there's going to be some reinforcing in there

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so my spidey sense is kind of saying oh what's the rebar?

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Oh what's this line?

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It's rebar.

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Oh where's the detail?

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Oh E.

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Okay, so then I go and I look for detail E.

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And of course, it says laterally unsupported foundation wall.

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And then it's telling me, oh, 320M rebars, so 20 millimeter diameter rebar, right?

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Basically like a three quarter inch rebar at four inches on center, foundation wall, right?

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And then it's saying how far to extend the rebar beyond.

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This is kind of like a standard detail here.

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And it's saying one and a half inches of cover.

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So that's talking about you got to have it covered by at least one

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and a half inches it's going to be under tension this wall right

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because the garage slab is over here this earth has been backfilled

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but there's nothing like there's no floor framing to support

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that area so that puts this wall under tension and concrete

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when it's under tension it's very weak

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so you put rebar in there it's going to be under tension near the top of the wall

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you put rebar in there it's going to hold it in place it's not going to have a problem

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and basically that's to offset that section not being laterally supported by like a sill plate

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and floor joists etc

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so it's just being aware of something like okay

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i see this my i'm starting to think where is something else

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and that's that difference between you know just knowing

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that okay this looks like something but understanding why what's behind it

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and then being proactive about not having it be a problem.

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Watch what, catch what others miss.

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So that's what I'm saying too, right?

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Catch what others miss.

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If basically we miss things, you know, that's going to, in estimating that causes a problem in,

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if there's something in the specifications that we miss, well, did we account for that in the estimate?

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Did we order that ahead of time so that we have it?

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Because a lot of things today have very long lead items.

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You know, you order something today, you might not get it for three, four months or longer, right?

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Some advanced equipment, sometimes it can take eight months, a year or plus in a certain amount of projects.

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I'm thinking again, data center scene, that seems to be the buzz of the day, right?

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Plan and schedule better.

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Well, I can break things down.

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I can look at it and I can, I always think about when I teach project management and planning and scheduling, you can check my playlist.

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I've got a whole bunch of courses on my playlist of different topics that may fit with what you're after.

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One of them is understanding construction drawings, residential construction.

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They're all there.

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And plan and schedule better.

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If I look at a set of drawings, I can start to break it down.

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What are the steps to actually construct this project?

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And I can figure out then by each step, looking at it when I understand what's being done, how long it's going to take.

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So I can work out durations.

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I can work out sequences, predecessors and successors, but I have to know how to read the drawings

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and I have to understand what's on the drawing so I can figure out who needs to do what.

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But at that core, if you develop that really good being able to read and understand construction drawings, again, great value coming for you.

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Ask better questions.

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Well, there's going to be a lot of stuff.

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We call it an RFI, request for information a lot of times in low -rise

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you might say i work in low -rise residential i've never heard of rfi

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if you work in institutional commercial industrial

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and all the other sectors you'll have heard of it

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and you may in residential um

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but it's not sometimes it's a little bit more wild westy

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if we if you want to use the term regardless rfi just means request for information it's documented

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so that if there's any dispute later on you've got the documentation in place and if you're going to ask questions,

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you want them to be detailed enough because you don't want this back and forth nonsense, right?

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Because it just wastes time.

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So if you can be clear on what's missing on the drawings, because very often there's, you know,

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a dimension missing, a speck on something, what it should be.

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You want a clarification.

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If you can be very clear and specific, then you'll get a clear and specific response.

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And that wastes less time.

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It wastes less of the consultant's time.

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It wastes less of your time.

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And because you're so good at reading drawings, when you are asking a question, it is for a valid reason.

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You shouldn't be asking the consultant to try to teach you how to read drawings by asking a gazillion questions.

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You should be not wasting their time, respect for others, and working as diligently as you can to get better at reading drawings.

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Prevent costly mistakes.

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Yeah.

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So with reading construction drawings, there's a lot of detail.

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And if you look at a detail like this, okay, and this is like a section detail for a house.

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This was a Toronto Area Chief Building Officials Committee detail,

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but it really illustrates well the different components that are involved in this house,

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right you've got a concrete foundation wall you've got a brick veneer

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it's got a lot of details in what you can

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and can't do these are pretty much referenced

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because chief building officials they've got a lot of references to

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code minimum code requirements of the time vented soffit the hatchings

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you know therefore in this case it's showing it like it's bad insulation probably more than likely be blown insulation

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but bad insulation brick airspace understanding what these things are you

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know the anchor bolt for the sill plate the dash line meaning a continuous air barrier

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which is also serving as a vapor barrier in this case

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so that's why it says continuous air vapor barrier

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and then over here this would be what we call a header wrap

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that goes around on the inside the vapor barrier would actually come up on the inside over here

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there it would be acting as an air barrier there's a whole bunch of technical knowledge that goes into

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understanding these components and reading drawings and understanding what the hatchings are for this.

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This tells me that's styrofoam.

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I can see styrofoam.

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I can see styrofoam.

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I can see bad insulation in here.

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So you're looking at it and you're picking up things very quickly,

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but then you're also thinking about the construction process and some points of problems that may come up,

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may or may not come up, but you're anticipating them.

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You want to become the go -to person.

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Know where to find answers and when to ask, right?

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You're good at, nobody knows everything.

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So I didn't mean to scare you by saying, you know, you're not to be asking the consultant a million questions

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because they're not going to want to see you coming if it's stuff that's just kind of wasting their time.

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But on the other hand, if it's stuff that you're asking now

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that makes both of you look good down the road because it hasn't really gone too far, that's a big positive.

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And if there's things happening on the site, the trades, if they know that you really, really understand how this works,

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it gets you a ton of respect.

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It gets you a ton of respect.

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So building this core skill really helps you and it helps everyone.

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And of course, in an industry that is cyclical, which construction is, there's good times there's not

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so good times there's average times

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and in tough times your employer is not going to want to let you go they may let others go

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but they're not going to want let you go

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because you're basically the knowledge center that everybody turns to and

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if they do let you go that's at their peril

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because the industry is a big industry

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but it's a small industry it won't

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you won't have much trouble getting another job that's kind of been my experience in construction.

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And I've seen it play out thousands of times with different students over the years.

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So I'm going to suggest that you practice this daily for the next month.

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Because if you listen this far, you're into this.

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If you haven't, you're gone.

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Okay.

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Start with a set of drawings.

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Try to get access to a set of drawings.

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Visualize the finished building.

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And if you're saying, well, how can I get a set of drawings?

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Sometimes it's not that easy depends where who you're working for etc

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but sometimes it's pretty very easy all right other times

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if that's the case i'm coming up the next slide

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i wrote a textbook you can look in the description where you can get it it comes with drawings questions

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that you can work through knock yourself out with

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that watch a lot of my videos you'll pick

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that up from the playlist but really you got to practice this is requires like I think.

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determine practice and the more consistent you are at it the quicker it comes

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and the quicker it comes the more valuable

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you you are sooner right why why take 10 years to really be able to get this down

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when you could do it in five with some discipline visualize the finished building

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imagine what makes up the walls floors layer by layer trade by trade

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so visualize the finished building want pretend you're walking around the outside pretend you're walking through it

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and then imagine how this is going to come together and what's behind these components.

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Start looking through the details, the construction notes.

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Think of the sequencing, what order things could do, what things could happen at the same time, right?

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Look at the references that you see on the drawings to the notes

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and try to see how they connect and what makes sense and what maybe doesn't.

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We're living in a world of AI now.

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Something doesn't make sense.

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Take a picture of it.

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Ask some questions of AI.

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I'm not saying it's going to be 100 % right, but it can help get you there.

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It can help get you there.

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Pay particular, can you explain the process to someone else?

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That's the best way.

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You start teaching someone else this process.

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If you're a student and you help other students to learn it, you figure it out even better along the way and more quickly.

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So as I said, I've written a textbook.

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This is in its fifth edition currently there'll be another one coming out down the road at some point

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so we're basically i'm just saying whatever edition you actually get your hands on it's fine

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if that's this is a self -learning pace uh from

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that perspective and it's based on the national building code of canada

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but you know wherever you are

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if you do wood frame construction this book would be helpful and be helpful as a foundation.

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So learn to see what others miss.

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Use knowledge, use judgment, build trust that people feel that you actually know what you're doing.

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This over time, that builds trust, that builds relationships, that really solidifies your value with companies, your value in the industry.

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All right.

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And again, you can watch a lot of the videos on the playlist and I want to hear from you.

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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “7 Ways Reading Construction Drawings Can Make You Invaluable”. Video này có 342 câu và 4018 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 22:19. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 180 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. 86% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.

Từ vựng quan trọng trong video

15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:

Từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa
brick danh từ	/ˈbɹɪk/	gạch
helpful tính từ	/ˈhɛlp.fl̩/	hay giúp đỡ
barrier danh từ	/ˈbæɹi.ə/	chướng ngại
layer danh từ	/ˈleɪ̯ɚ/	lớp
component danh từ	/kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/	bộ phận
requirement danh từ	/ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/	yêu cầu
employer danh từ	/ɪmˈplɔɪə/	chủ, cai thầu
basement danh từ	/ˈbeɪsmənt/	tầng hầm
consultant danh từ	/kənˈsʌl.tənt/	người tư vấn
vapor danh từ	/ˈveɪpɚ/	hơi
ignore động từ	/ɪɡˈnɔː/	lơ, lờ
pocket danh từ	/ˈpɑ.kɪt/	túi, túi áo
thick tính từ	/θɪk/	dày
connect động từ	/kəˈnɛkt/	nối
sequence danh từ	/ˈsiː.kwəns/	dãy

Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe

Từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa
look up động từ	/ˌlʊk ˈʌp/	ngước
pick up động từ		nhặt, lượm

Những câu đáng luyện lại

Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:

You are really, really valuable from that perspective, all right?
You're looking at from a floor plan.
I'm also seeing the steel.
Did we order that ahead of time so that we have it?
This tells me that's styrofoam.

Ngữ pháp trong video

Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:

Cấu trúc	Trong video
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại	i've blown · I've never seen · you've heard
Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm	is welded · are involved · is called

Phát âm cần chú ý

Người nói dùng 106 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ you're, I'm, I've. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.

Âm “th”: thick /θɪk/, eighth /eɪtθ/, thickness /ˈθɪknəs/, orthographic /ˌɔːɹθəˈɡɹæfɪk/
Âm “sh” và “zh”: tension /ˈtɛnʃən/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, residential /ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl/, elevation /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃn̩/, shake /ˈʃeɪk/
Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, residential /ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl/, interference /ˌɪntəɹˈfɪɹɪns/, continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/

Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:

Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: playlist /ˈpleɪˌlɪst/, component /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/, requirement /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/, basement /ˈbeɪsmənt/, consultant /kənˈsʌl.tənt/
Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: judgment /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/, garage /ɡəˈɹɑʒ/, duration /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, architectural /ˌɑɹkɪˈtɛkt͡ʃəɹəl/, terminology /ˌtɝ.məˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/
Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: barrier /ˈbæɹi.ə/, anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, aspect /ˈæspɛkt/, valid /ˈvælɪd/, mechanical /məˈkænəkəl/

Cách luyện với video này

Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như brick, helpful, barrier.

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

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Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?