Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: What Makes People Successful? | Angela Duckworth

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I often set a goal, but later choose to pursue a different one.

Tôi thường đặt ra một mục tiêu, nhưng sau đó lại chọn theo đuổi một mục tiêu khác.

Wouldn't it be a wonderful life to find some learning curve that you don't want to drop out of?

The common denominator that I have discovered across achievement in every domain is something

that is not correlated with your IQ or any other measure of talent, and that is grit.

Now, before I tell you what I've discovered about grit, I just want to say it's not the only thing that you care about.

I know this.

You have some infinite bookshelf in your head of all the things that you want to be, that you hope your workplace culture will exemplify and support,

but I will take this book off the shelf, so to speak, because it is a common denominator, and it is something I believe that we can all develop intentionally.

Now I'm going to give you some items from the GRIT scale.

So, let's go.

This is a questionnaire that I developed from interviewing high achievers.

And when I assess grit, I ask you to reflect on, for example, whether if I talk to people who work closely with you,

would they go out of their way to tell me that you're an especially hard worker?

Here's another item.

Rate yourself.

Do you finish whatever you begin?

This is my personally favorite item.

It's the single most predictive item on the entire questionnaire of

course I'm sure you know you're wondering whether it's okay to

quit things absolutely I think it's important to quit things

but I think there is a bias in people with grit not to quit they will quit

but they kind of hate to do it okay so these are two items from the perseverance sub scale

of the overall grit scale and you know you say yes you get a higher perseverance score, you had a higher overall grit score.

Now I'm going to show you two more items, and they are from the passion subscale.

And I have to warn you, they're reverse scored.

So the more you say yes, the lower your passion subscore, the lower your grit score.

Okay, for example, I have difficulty maintaining my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete.

Here's another reverse scored item.

I often set a goal, but later choose to pursue a different one.

Now this passion that I talk about, and since we're all here together in person, which I love, I want to explain that it's not so much intensity

that I have found to be remarkable about high achievers in terms of their passion.

It's interestingly, it's about their consistency.

It's not like, oh hey, I just pulled three all -nighters to which I say, you should get more sleep.

It's really about I get up again, and I get up again, and I get up again, and I get up again, and when I get up,

I am still devoted with enthusiasm, with real authenticity to this purpose, which I think is important enough for me to keep going.

So not intensity, like fireworks, but stamina, like you're running a marathon.

So what is grit?

Grit is perseverance and passion for especially long -term goals.

And I think this is what's true about grit and why I continue to admire people like Michael who are, you know, grit paragons and grit fans.

It's not that I think you should stick with anything that you started, but it is this.

And again, I tell my own daughters this.

Wouldn't it be a wonderful life to find some learning curve that you don't want to drop out of.

Wouldn't it be a wonderful thing in your life, whether or not you win a Nobel Prize, to achieve excellence, to achieve your potential?

And to do that, you need not only high quantity, but high quality practice.

What is a growth mindset?

A growth mindset is a theory.

It's a theory about human nature.

If you have a growth mindset, you believe that people in fundamental ways can change,

that you can even get smarter.

Now, I'm going to confess to you that when I started to learn about growth mindset myself, it was, as I said,

20 -plus years ago, I began collaborating with folks at Stanford, which is where Carol is now as a professor, and we would be having these meetings, and we'd be looking at,

like, a table from a paper, and my colleague James would say, oh, Angela, Table 2, I don't really understand that.

Can you help me get smarter?

And I would always just have to, like, pause.

I'm like, did he just say get smarter?

I'm like, oh, you want me to explain Table 2?

Yeah, well, this is Table 2.

And he would say it over and over again, and so would Carol.

And then I figured out they were trying to get me not to have a fixed mindset.

What's a fixed mindset?

A fixed mindset is someone who says, what?

Did you just say you get smarter?

Did you just say you could like fundamentally change?

I mean, because either you're smart or you're not.

You're a gifted public speaker or you're not.

You're a natural athlete or you're not.

A fixed mindset is also a theory.

It is also a theory of human nature.

And that theory says that in fundamental ways, people don't change.

Now, something that Carol taught me early in our relationship is that,

surprisingly to me, it doesn't really matter which one you have when everything's going great.

Getting straight A's, you're the prom queen or the prom king, everything's coming up roses, fixed mindset's fine.

But what happens on the bad days?

What happens when you give a talk and it doesn't go well?

What happens when you hold a meeting and nothing turned out the way you thought it would?

On days of challenge, on days of setback,

on days of failure, you have a rational reason to get up again if you have a growth mindset.

Because a growth mindset tells you that whatever happened, you can learn from it.

And you can grow from it.

And you will be stronger for it.

That's what a growth mindset is.

That's why I think it's one of the most important discoveries in the history of psychology.

Let me share with you a story of an Olympic swimmer who was interviewed by scientists at the University of Chicago.

It was a study of world -class achievers.

He was one of 120 subjects.

And he was already retired.

He had already, you know, Olympic medals, et cetera.

Here's a story he told.

When I was 11, I wanted to bag it because I was doing very badly.

My dad at that point did something that was very important.

He said, if you want to quit, that's fine, but I don't want you to quit simply because you're losing.

So I'm going to continue to drive you to workouts and force you to swim, and once you turn 12 and you're at the top of your age group, you'll start to do well.

If you want to quit, then that's fine.

Now, the scientists at the University of Chicago were a little freaked out by this part of the interview.

They asked a ton of follow -up questions like, so it sounds like your parents forced you to become a professional swimmer against your will

when you were 11

and the swimmer said no no you're not um i'm not communicating the context my mom

and my dad loved me

so much they just didn't want me to quit on a bad day i have interviewed dozens

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if not hundreds of paragons of grit every single one of them has a story like this and so do you.

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And what I want to share with you about what I've learned about Grit is that it's not DIY.

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It's forged through relationships because frankly everybody has bad days.

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We might not get into it

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but I had a lot of bad days last year writing my second book and I said out loud I quit.

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I said it while sobbing, right?

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And my mentors including my editor but also my husband said,

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if you want to quit on a good day, that's fine.

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But I care about you too much to let you quit on a bad one.

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And finally, let me open the aperture up to its widest diameter and say something about culture, something you know more about than I do.

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In the country of Finland, it's a very small country, there are fewer Finns than there are New Yorkers.

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Let's give you some context.

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In Finland they have this word called sisu, and sisu translates directly to intestines actually, but the symbolic meaning is fortitude or grit.

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And the Finns believe that only they have sisu.

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So when the French give up and the Americans of course have given up and the Japanese have given up, everyone's given up, the Finns are like,

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but we still stand strong because we are Finns and we have sisu.

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Now I had a graduate student named Amelia who came to work with me for a year.

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And I said, Amelia, you cannot have something inside your intestines that makes you different from everyone else.

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And she said, Professor Duckworth, with respect, you're missing the point.

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It's about identity.

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What is culture if not the way we do things around here?

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And she said, that's what makes us special.

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That's what gives us strength.

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And I could not agree more.

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I one of the most important things that anybody could work on, because I don't think you can express grit or develop grit if you don't have a great place to work.

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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

Video này có 124 câu và 1645 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 9:46. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 168 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. 82% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.

Từ vựng quan trọng trong video

15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:

Từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa
mindset danh từ	/ˈmaɪn(d)ˌsɛt/	tư duy, tư tưởng
passion danh từ	/ˈpæʃən/	đam mê
discover động từ	/dɪˈskʌvə/	phát hiện, phát kiến
scientist danh từ	/ˈsaɪəntəst/	nhà khoa học, khoa học gia
curve danh từ	/kɚv/	khúc quanh
discovery danh từ	/dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/	khám phá
worker danh từ	/ˈwɝ.kɚ/	công nhân
medal danh từ	/ˈmɛdəl/	huy chương, mề đay
reflect động từ	/ɹɪˈflɛkt/	phản chiếu
domain danh từ	/ˌdəʊˈmeɪ̯n/	đất đai, tài sản
psychology danh từ	/saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	tâm lý học
swim động từ	/swɪm/	bơi, tắm
bias danh từ	/ˈbaɪ.əs/	thiên vị, thiên kiến
infinite tính từ	/ˈɪnfɪnɪt/	vô bờ, bất tận
marathon danh từ	/ˈmæɹəθən/	ma-ra-tông

Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe

Từ	Nghĩa
get up động từ	dậy
give up động từ	đầu hàng

Ngữ pháp trong video

Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:

Cấu trúc	Trong video
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại	have discovered · I've discovered · have found
Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm	is not correlated · was interviewed · was already retired
Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật	people who work · Stanford, which is · someone who says

Phát âm cần chú ý

Người nói dùng 41 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ you're, I'm, don't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.

Âm “th”: marathon /ˈmæɹəθən/, athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, authenticity /ɑθɛnˈtɪsɪti/
Âm “sh” và “zh”: passion /ˈpæʃən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, shelf /ʃɛlf/, intentionally /ɪnˈtɛn(t)ʃənəli/, bookshelf /ˈbʊkˌʃɛlf/
Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/

Cách luyện với video này

Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như mindset, passion, discover.

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

Phương pháp shadowing: đọc hướng dẫn từng bước đầy đủ →

Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: What Makes People Successful? | Angela Duckworth

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