跟讀練習: Crazy Things Science Still Can't Explain - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Common things science still can't explain.

Fingerprints.

That's right, the first entry on this list is something that we all have access to at our fingertips.

And that's because it literally is our fingertips.

Or more specifically, our fingerprints.

I think we all know that everybody has fingerprints, and beyond that we all have unique fingerprints.

And we also know that the fingerprints your cousin leaves on the glass in every device is really annoying.

But beyond the existence and uniqueness of fingerprints, what is there not to know?

And the answer is, well, the purpose of fingerprints to begin with.

Interestingly, we actually know a lot more about the origin of fingerprints rather than the purpose of fingerprints.

Obviously, in modern times, the fingerprint is an extremely useful tool, most commonly used in forensics investigations and also while opening your iPhone 6.

And while those are definitely interesting use cases for our fingertips,

the human body didn't spend hundreds of thousands of years just to develop fingerprints for biometric data purposes.

And like the title of this video suggests, the true purpose of fingerprints is still relatively unknown, although there is two primary theories.

But before we get into those, I want to actually explain quickly how we even get fingerprints in the first place.

When you were a little fetus in your mother's womb, your fingerprints surprisingly were one of the earliest defining features developed on your entire body.

Obviously after your arms and hands.

And these unique designs are carved into your fingertips through the pressure of amniotic fluid in your mother's womb.

The pressure of this fluid, coupled with the growth rate of your fingers and other unique factors,

are what cause the consistently unique design of your fingerprint.

Which is really interesting.

Your fingerprint isn't genetic whatsoever and identical twins do not share the same fingerprint.

And that same fingerprint you develop early on in your mother's womb, you will keep until the day you die.

Which is also super interesting.

But not quite as interesting as the two running theories on why we even have fingerprints in the first place.

The first theory is that we have fingerprints to improve grip.

This theory states that the grooves on your finger act like tread on a tyrant

and are intended to allow you to grip, hold, and throw things easier.

And this theory makes sense and is definitely valid, and there is even evidence to support this claim.

And the other primary theory for why we have fingerprints is actually for tactile reasons.

This theory states that we have fingerprints to help us sense vibrations and to feel textures more fully and effectively, enhancing our sense of touch.

And once again, there is evidence to support this claim as well.

And while both of these theories are valid and seem extremely logical, and both share evidence that can back up their claims,

there's not yet any concrete evidence proving a specific purpose for your fingerprint.

Alzheimer's.

If you're watching this video, it's likely that you don't have Alzheimer's.

But if you do have Alzheimer's, then it's likely you've seen this video before and just don't remember it.

Regardless, Alzheimer's is unfortunately more common than you think, and most people watching this video have likely experienced Alzheimer's in one way or another.

The reality of Alzheimer's is horrifying and truly upsetting, and that is coming from a bystander's perspective.

I can only imagine the experience of somebody dealing with the trauma firsthand.

But for how common Alzheimer's is and how much awareness is being brought to it these days

There are still so many things that are just completely unknown

when it comes to Alzheimer's I think it's important to note first

and foremost that Alzheimer's and dementia are not the same thing

And while they are related, they're not interchangeable

And on top of that, Alzheimer's is not a natural part of human progression

While cognitive decline is normal as you age, the rapid and detrimental decline that happens with Alzheimer's is nowhere near normal

And for that reason, it's not called old timers, it's called Alzheimer's And I'm not even making this up,

when I was a kid I swear to god I thought it was called old timers because old people got it.

And I'm just really hoping I'm not the only one who thought that.

But tossing my own personal cognitive decline to the side, what is the cause of Alzheimer's?

And the answer is complicated.

As of today, the most common theory is that a combination of age -related brain changes,

genetic factors, and environmental and lifestyle influences play a role in the development of Alzheimer's.

Although the exact biological root cause of the disease is still unknown.

Basically meaning that there's a lot of ways you could potentially get Alzheimer's, like smoking all your life,

or working shift work and having a bad circadian rhythm, or potentially being genetically predisposed.

And while all of these may be a contributing factor, there's not yet one underlying causality.

But with that being said, as of now there are still two primary biomarkers that are believed to be tied to Alzheimer's.

The first is amyloid beta plaques.

And what amyloid beta plaques are are actually buildup of amyloid beta, which is a part of amyloid precursor protein.

What does amyloid precursor protein do in the brain, you might ask?

Science doesn't know that either.

But it's believed, but not proven, to have something to do with brain development.

Regardless, patients with Alzheimer's will see this amyloid beta protein not being properly absorbed in the brain, causing it to clump together and create plaques,

causing the eventual rapid decline in cognition.

And the reason for this is

because these amyloid plaques are actually toxic to the brain and cause cell death within your brain, which is why, typically in Alzheimer's patients,

you will see brains with massive holes in them which honestly just adds a whole new layer of disturbing to this disease.

But even the role of these amyloid plaques are debated, because recently there have been medications specifically designed to destroy these amyloid plaques in the brain,

and unfortunately these tests have not bred positive results,

which has caused scientists to question whether or not this plaque is the root cause or simply a byproduct of a deeper, more unknown root cause.

Oh yeah, and the other biomarker associated with Alzheimer's is another protein used in the brain known as tau.

And similar to the other protein we just discussed,

for patients with Alzheimer's, the tau in the brain is not used properly and is not absorbed and becomes tangled and creates,

once again, toxic clumps in the brain, causing cell death and cognitive decline.

So yeah, although it may seem like we know quite a bit about Alzheimer's, there is

so much more we have to learn before we are able to make any sort of meaningful development in prevention

and hopefully cure animal migration.

Migration by far is one of the most underrated animal superpowers.

Like seriously, just imagine being able to be anywhere and being able to then navigate to a specific location, usually across an entire continent, just because.

Migration is a necessary survival mechanism for countless species of animals.

And it's actually really well understood why certain species migrate.

The reason depends on the species, but the most common reasons for migration are either to feed, breed, or to escape harsh climates,

like cold winters or hot summers.

And that is simple and something we truly understand.

But it's not the why of migration that's unexplained.

It's the how.

Like, just think about it.

How do these animals know consistently year over year not only when to go, but exactly where to go?

You could give a lot of people today a car and a physical roadmap,

and they would still get lost trying to go to a specific location.

But if you just tell a butterfly that they've got to fly 2 ,000 miles to get laid,

they're already gone before you could even tell them what direction to go.

And it's so amazing, in fact, that we still, to this day, don't understand how animals know where to migrate.

Or more specifically, how to get to their point of migration.

Birds, whales, sea turtles, and even insects are all examples of animals that migrate.

And for most of them, the places they go to migrate are rather specific.

Although, where they may be living in their off -season is kind of random.

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However, every year, they consistently know, no matter where they are, where to go.

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And that phenomenon is truly amazing.

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And while in 2025 humans have GPS, Google Maps, and now self -driving cars, we still get lost a lot.

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And this thought process has led researchers to believe that animals have something that we don't.

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And recent studies have shown that this could potentially be true.

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And one example that research has recently shown was that some species of birds, specifically pigeons, were able to sense the Earth's magnetic field.

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And first of all, I'm just curious how they even found this out in the first place.

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Like, I can only imagine two scientists just sitting a pigeon down in the lab, looking at him, and just asking, do you feel anything?

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With the pigeon only to respond, North.

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And this is a skill known as magnetorception.

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And I'll be honest, I wish I had magnetorception, because that sounds cool as hell.

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Regardless, with the discovery of pigeons being able to sense the Earth's literal magnetic field, this one answer has led to many more questions.

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Like, how many other animals share this ability?

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And what other abilities exist in the animal kingdom that we don't even know about yet?

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And for animals with this ability, how do they even use this knowledge of the magnetic field to navigate properly and accurately?

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It's truly amazing.

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And I guess the human equivalent of this would be trying to understand how your broke,

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drunken uncle always makes his way down to Florida every time winter comes in Michigan.

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Like, your drunken uncle could be anywhere in the Northern Hemisphere for seven months out of the year.

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But somehow, as soon as it just gets a little chilly, he teleports to Florida.

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But nobody knows how he got there.

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It's just like that.

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The placebo effect.

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The placebo effect is a staple in modern medicine testing because of how prevalent this effect is.

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To summarize the placebo effect, it's essentially just suggestibility.

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It's your mind believing something to be true and your body kind of following suit.

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And while that's a bit of an oversimplification, the results of the placebo effect are amazing, but also mysterious.

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The placebo effect is so strong and so common that any time a new drug is tested to bring to market,

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They literally have to test the new drug that's being proposed against a placebo to make sure

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that the drug is actually effective and not just seeming effective due to the placebo effect.

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For example, let's just say you're trying to develop a new drug that helps people with stomach pain.

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Now, let's say for a study, you find 100 people that have frequent stomach pain.

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You divide this group into two smaller groups, a treatment group and a placebo group.

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All 50 people in the treatment group receive the actual medication you're testing.

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And all 50 people in the placebo group receive, well, a sugar pill, a placebo, a drug that does nothing.

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It's not even a drug.

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Now here's the kicker.

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Everybody in this test is under the assumption that they are actually taking the active medicine.

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And after consistently taking the medicine for, let's say, a week, you have to review the results.

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And this is where the placebo effect actually comes into play.

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Because let's say after a week of taking the placebo,

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25 out of the 50 people in the placebo group say that they noticed less stomach pain.

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That is kind of the benchmark that the treatment group has to surpass.

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Meaning that if the treatment group also reports a 25 % decrease in stomach pain, it's actually not proven effective.

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In that case, it's about as effective as a placebo.

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For this medication for stomach pain to be proven effective,

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there has to be more people in the treatment group that feel better than people in the placebo group.

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And this oversimplified, poorly explained explanation is what's known as a double -blind placebo study,

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and it's kind of the gold standard for eliminating bias when it comes to testing brand new medications.

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Now here's the thing, with all of this being said, how does the placebo effect even work?

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And the answer is, we actually don't know that much about it researchers

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that have been studying the placebo effect from a psychological and neurological angle,

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both kind of believe that this effect is linked to a brain's release of endorphins

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and other chemicals in the anticipation of a positive effect, essentially meaning that because your body is expecting to feel better,

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it already kind of feels better in advance.

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But this isn't proven, and is really only a going theory.

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And despite there being literally decades of study on the placebo effect up until this point, the exact mechanisms behind the placebo effect are completely unknown,

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making one of the staples of modern medicine testing, an effective and life -saving mystery.

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The Twilight Zone.

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No, not that Twilight Zone.

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This Twilight Zone.

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Home of this, this, this, and this.

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The Twilight Zone is located 200 to 1000 meters below the ocean's surface.

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And it's known as the Twilight Zone because it is a region underwater where sunlight barely penetrates.

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It's too dark for any sort of photosynthesis, but it's not quite pitch black yet.

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And it's this unique region that is one of the least explored habitats on all of planet Earth.

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One notable resident of this area is the lanternfish, which is pretty cool, but also completely insane.

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It kind of goes to show how weird this area is.

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Like we all know that jellyfish are like just weird creatures, but deep sea jellyfish are on a whole nother level.

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Like I was just watching a documentary where some jellyfish literally asexually reproduce

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and basically just spawn new jellyfish kind of like plants.

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And jellyfish as a whole are just kind of crazy entities.

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Like they're alive, but they're not.

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It's just so wild.

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But that's not the mystery here.

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It has nothing to do with jellyfish per se.

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The Twilight Zone, like I mentioned, is one of the least explored areas.

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And for good reason, too.

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The pressure that deep underwater is immense.

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And coupling that pressure with the sheer darkness and travel time

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and specialized equipment required to even navigate through this area makes any sort of Twilight Zone exploration extremely expensive and difficult.

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And because there's not really a major financial incentive to explore the Twilight Zone, research is definitely a bit slow.

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But not only is the Twilight Zone extremely harsh to get to and be in, but it's also extremely vast,

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making exploring and documenting it nearly impossible fully.

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And because the Twilight Zone is so massive, it's actually speculated

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that there may be more fish in the Twilight Zone alone than all other fish on the entire Earth combined.

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And while this is kind of a fruitless thought experiment, at this point it's also extremely possible.

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But not only is it possible, it's a scary thought, because the fish that live in the Twilight Zone are completely weird looking,

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and probably the closest thing we have to aliens at this time.

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Like these fish are literally creating their own light, which is kind of dope.

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I don't know, I think bioluminescence is just cool to begin with, but I also like to think that fish just got

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so fed up of being in the dark that they literally created their own organic light.

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But it's not just seeing cool fish that light up that makes the Twilight Zone interesting.

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It's also the impact that the Twilight Zone has on the Earth's climate, because the Twilight Zone is a massive ecosystem.

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And ocean and marine ecosystems specifically play a major role when it comes to carbon storage, which obviously has a direct impact on the Earth's climate.

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Which definitely gives merit to wanting to explore the Twilight Zone more.

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But yeah, that's kind of all there is to say about it.

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The Twilight Zone is one of the most common ecosystems in all of the world, technically speaking.

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Although it's one of the ecosystems we know the least about.

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And maybe that's for the better.

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Ball lightning.

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Admittedly, ball lightning isn't all that common.

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But lightning is relatively common.

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And I think most of us have heard about ball lightning, and honestly, I just thought it was cool and wanted to discuss this interesting phenomenon.

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Ball lightning sightings have gone back all the way to the 1600s, and continue to be reported today.

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It's interesting because even today, in 2025, we don't know a ton about ball lightning.

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So I can only imagine what they thought about ball lightning in the 1600s.

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Ironically, we do know what they thought about ball lightning in the 1800s, as there was a few recorded accounts of experiences with ball lightning,

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and they basically just described ball lightning as smelling like sulfur

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and being the work of the devil which I think is fitting for the time period.

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In case you're unfamiliar, ball lightning is typically described by witnesses as a glowing, floating sphere of light, and,

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like regular lightning, typically only appears during thunderstorms.

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Some people have stated that these balls are only as small as a marble, while others have said that they've been multiple feet long and wide,

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and the colors that the ball lightning has been reported in is almost as vast as the size, with some people claiming that it was white,

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yellow, orange, or even blue.

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But in case ball lightning wasn't unpredictable enough, the way it behaves is also completely unpredictable.

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Ball lightning can last anywhere from a split second to multiple minutes long.

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And during the duration of its stay, it typically moves slowly through the air and can even pass through windows or walls,

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typically causing no damage whatsoever.

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And in some cases, ball lightning simply vanishes silently.

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And in other cases, it literally explodes with a loud bang.

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And already, ball lightning seems like one of the most amazing and also terrifying things you could witness in person.

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And I can only imagine what witnessing it would be like if you didn't know what ball lightning was.

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There's actually a video of a Belarusian train station that shows a ball of lightning crossing over all of the train tracks,

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and it's just amazing to see.

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And in the comments of this video, there's a ton of people talking about their experience with - ball lightning

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and how the first time they saw it they thought it was an angel

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or a ghost or something else that was typically supernatural.

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Which I don't blame them for.

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If I just saw this thing in front of me in person,

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I would literally believe I was losing my mind or something really bad was happening.

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Like I would not be in awe, I would be in terror.

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But that's just me, if I don't know about something, I typically lean towards being scared about it.

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But no matter how cool or interesting or terrifying ball lightning may seem, it's more mysterious than anything else.

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Obviously, scientists don't have a concrete answer on what ball lightning is or what even causes it.

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But there are a few interesting theories I'd like to share with you.

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A couple popular theories that try to explain why ball lightning happens include plasma, burning particles in the air, and even electromagnetic fields.

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And honestly, they're all kind of vague explanations and potentially could be partially true, but like I mentioned, we just don't know.

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And one of the biggest reasons why we don't know is because of how rare ball lightning is.

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It's almost impossible to replicate in a controlled environment, meaning that we're at the mercy of nature providing it to us to study it.

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And as you can imagine, ball lightning doesn't roll into a lot of labs all that often.

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And well -equipped scientists typically don't run into ball lightning all that often either,

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leaving a lot of the thought around ball lightning to be up to speculation and based off of reviewing videos posted online.

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And if you've made it this far in the video, let me know.

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If you saw ball lightning out in the wild, would you be terrified or would you be intrigued?

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I think the honest answer is both.

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And I guess, while we're being honest, let me ask you, do you like watching

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Trust Me Bro videos?

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Because if you do, feel free to subscribe.

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We make videos every single week.

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Now, let's get on to the last section.

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Slime mold.

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Slime mold, or scientifically known as Fisarum polycephalum, is not mold, nor slime, nor fungi.

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It's actually known as a protist.

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And what makes it unique is that it's actually a single -celled organism.

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That's right, this jelly -looking, goo -looking thing is actually one organism.

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Although, it is full of nuclei.

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That's right, it might be a single cell, but this one cell has so many nuclei within it.

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And all of these nuclei actually will come in handy later.

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Now you might be asking, what's the significance of this yellowy, greeny goo?

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And is it even common?

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I've never seen that.

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And let me answer both of those questions.

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First of all, is it common?

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Yeah.

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If you've gone on a walk in a forest after a rainy day, you have definitely walked past some sort of slime mold.

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And to answer your first hypothetical question, why does it matter?

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Well, slime molds are extremely intelligent.

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So intelligent, in fact, that we don't know how they're so smart or why they're so smart.

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And that is both interesting and terrifying.

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How smart is slime mold, you may ask?

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Well, slime molds have been shown time in and time out to solve mazes consistently.

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And how they do this is by basically filling up the entire maze with their gooey body, and once they find the exit of the maze,

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or in the case of the research test,

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finding the food, they will then retract everything else that isn't directly connecting the start of the slime mold to the food,

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allowing them to essentially reverse engineer the maze.

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And these mazes aren't simple either.

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Some studies have actually been able to have slime molds recreate major transportation networks, like the Tokyo subway system for example.

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But not only can slime mold navigate to find food, they have also shown to have some sort of memory by anticipating reoccurring events.

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And how this is shown is by having them readjust their behavior based off of previous events

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that have happened in previous studies.

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Proving that these single -celled organisms have some sort of memory, even though they have not one neuron.

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That's right, slime molds have no brain, no nervous system, no complex organs, but they still seemingly can solve problems,

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make decisions, and even remember past events.

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And I'll be the first to say it.

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I'm impressed with this little ball of goo.

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And this little ball of goo might even be smarter than you.

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But if you think the ball of goo is not smaller than you, then for who the ball of goo is not smaller than you too?

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Okay, it is currently 1 .53am and I thought that was funny.

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You know, I didn't even think that was funny, I just said it.

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Regardless, the ways in which slime molds achieves any sort of intelligence to scientists is completely unclear.

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Although, like some of the other entries on this list, the scientists have their theories.

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And what's currently believed is

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that the network -like structure of neurons within the slime mold allows the slime mold to process information through chemical signals.

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Essentially allowing it to have a brain without having a brain.

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And this method of thinking

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or I guess thoughtlessness on the slime molds part has actually inspired scientists in specific fields like robotics

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and computing to try to use slime molds to find clues on how to build more efficient self -organizing systems,

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seeing as the slime mold is pretty good at doing that.

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And while there's not much more known about the slime mold's intelligence at this time,

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The fact that this single -celled organism can seemingly think without a brain has definitely inspired engineers and scientists alike.

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But for now, the mind of this little ball of goo is an enigma.

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But with that, ladies and gentlemen, that's really all the time we have for today in this episode, but I'll make a deal with you now.

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If you guys enjoyed this video and want a part two, I'd be more than happy to make it.

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And I actually have a lot of honorable mentions I want to discuss.

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For example, what happened to the planet Venus?

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Why do we dream?

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What happens after we die?

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How is the universe created?

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What is dark matter and why does it make up 95 % of the universe?

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And how long does it take to go get milk?

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All great questions that I'd love to answer if you guys would like to hear me talk about them.

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But that's all for now.

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If you enjoyed this video about things that are still unsolved,

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then you might enjoy this video on screen now about ancient mysteries that are actually recently solved.

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That video might be a bit more satisfying than this one, considering that one has conclusive endings to every entry.

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I highly recommend checking it out.

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Thank you so much for watching this video.

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And as always, trust me, bro.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“Crazy Things Science Still Can't Explain”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：ball, lightning, fingerprint, placebo, slime。這段影片共有 318 個句子、4381 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 20:06。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 218 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 82% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
lightning 名詞	/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/	閃電 /閃電, 電光 /電光
mold 名詞	/moʊld/	黴菌, 黴
migration 名詞	/maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/	徙動 /徙動, 遷移 /遷移
plaque 名詞	/plæk/	匾額 /匾額
stomach 名詞	/ˈstʌmək/	дўзы, 胃
decline 動詞	/dɪˈklaɪn/	惡化 /惡化
explore 動詞	/ɪkˈsploɹ/	探索, 探險 /探險
maze 名詞	/ˈmeɪz/	迷宮 /迷宮
essentially 副詞	/ɪˈsɛnʃəli/	本質上 /本質上, 基本上
beta 名詞	/ˈbeɪtə/	貝塔 /貝塔
medication 名詞	/mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/	藥物 /藥物
pigeon 名詞	/ˈpɪ.dʒɪn/	鴿子 /鴿子
solve 動詞	/sɒlv/	解決 /解決
magnetic 形容詞	/mæɡˈnɛtɪk/	有磁性的
cognitive 形容詞	/ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/	認知的 /認知的

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
fill up 動詞	裝滿 /裝滿
go back 動詞	回去, 返回

值得反覆跟讀的句子

影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：

What does amyloid precursor protein do in the brain, you might ask?
Which I don't blame them for.
How smart is slime mold, you may ask?
I'm impressed with this little ball of goo.
Why do we dream?

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
條件句 if + 從句，will/would + 動詞 — 條件及其結果	if you guys would like
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	you've seen · have likely experienced · have been
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	are carved · are intended · being brought
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	one who thought · beta, which is · brain, which is

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 57 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, they're, I'm。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, harsh /ˈhɑɹʃ/
長單詞——注意重音位置: consistently /kənˈsɪstəntli/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: navigate /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/, solve /sɒlv/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, vast /væst/, valid /ˈvælɪd/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: mold /moʊld/, plaque /plæk/, stomach /ˈstʌmək/, maze /ˈmeɪz/, regardless /ɹɪˈɡɑɹd.lɪs/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/, regardless /ɹɪˈɡɑɹd.lɪs/, exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, partially /ˈpɑɹʃəli/, poorly /ˈpʊɹ.li/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 lightning, mold, migration 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Crazy Things Science Still Can't Explain - 通過影片學習英語口語

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