跟讀練習: 14K - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Have you ever been reading a book and it's interesting?

You feel like you're following along just fine, but then you finish a chapter and you close the book

and maybe the next day it just kind of feels like you've forgotten what happens

or even who some of the characters are.

Of course, some people have really excellent recalls, so they may not have any difficulty here, but I get comments about this from my viewers all the time.

So I think that most people experience this, at least sometimes or at least to some degree.

So I want to talk about that.

Why is it sometimes easy for us to create memories about the thoughts and ideas that we have about reading, but other times it isn't so easy?

Now, especially lately, it seems there's no shortage of articles

or YouTube videos talking about how our phones and computer screens have divided our attention.

And it's true.

We live in a very distracted world, and the lack of attention and focus makes it difficult for us to remember anything, really, and much less reading.

But while all of that is true, I think the problem is a little bit more nuanced than that,

because this forgetting, sometimes it happens even when we are sitting down and genuinely trying to focus.

Now, if you think about it, we don't really use the same kind of reading all the time

and we switch between different modes depending on the type of material.

For example, a lot of reading that we do throughout the day is online and we're reading things like text messages, comments, maybe emails.

The text is usually short and you usually don't have to think about it very much.

It's very easy to interpret.

Researchers refer to this mode of reading as hyper reading

and the goal here is primarily about speed

and efficiency rather than full comprehensive understanding we're skimming the text we're searching for keywords jumping between sections

or sometimes even jumping between screens and we're just trying to get as much

relevant information as we can and it works fine for certain situations

but if you think about it it's a completely different mode of reading

that you might use for say a novel novels require a more immersive mode of reading

because the ideas tend to have more of a long-term connection to each other

and so your mind has to work harder to follow and keep track of linear and sort of of relational details.

And another mode of reading is analytical.

This is what you'd use if you were going to read a book on physics or philosophy.

Now, that kind of reading is going to require you to really slow down.

You're probably going to have to go back and do a lot of rereading, and you're going to have to be able to sort of process a lot of abstract ideas.

Now, these two modes of reading, immersive and analytical, these actually belong to a broader category known as deep reading.

Now, Marianne Wolfe is a cognitive neuroscientist known for her work on reading and literacy, and she has been an early voice warning about the effects

that digital environments have had on our reading habits and our capacity for deep reading.

She describes deep reading as the array of sophisticated processes that propel comprehension and that include inferential and deductive reasoning,

analogical skills, critical analysis, reflection, and insight.

It's a bit of a mouthful, but basically it just means that deep reading is the way your mind

and your emotions work together to help you interpret the words on the page.

And it happens when you slow down, when you take the time to really think about the ideas

that are being presented and then critically evaluate them and connect them to your own experiences and understanding of the world.

And this is why deep reading is better for memory, because memory depends on whether you're actually wrestling with the ideas,

whether you're analyzing them and processing them and so forth.

But when the material is easy and you can move through it very quickly, then your mind isn't really doing much.

And you might think, well, as long as I understood it, then I should be able to remember it.

But that's not always the case, because comprehension and memory are not the same thing.

In fact, in some cases, when a passage is too easy, the mental work can be very shallow.

Now, for most of us, much of the reading that we do throughout the day is done in a hyper-reading mode, and this has become the default mode that we read in,

so that when we sit down with a book, it's very hard to just flip a switch and slow down and really think about what we're actually reading.

And again, sometimes this happens, you know, even when we've put our phone away and we're really trying to focus.

And there are lots of things you can do.

You know, the Internet is filled with all kinds of recommendations for how to deal with this.

We're advised to read with purpose, to read away from our phones, to read habitually, to read at our own pace,

to read at a slower pace, to read with a journal, take notes, summarize.

I've recommended most of these things at one point or another, and they all have the potential to help.

It's not bad advice,

but it's not going to really mean anything unless you intentionally cultivate an environment that fosters concentration and active comprehension.

Something that I have done, you know, instead of trying to form new habits or try to follow some silly reading routine,

I've recently decided to just return to some old habits and try reading the way that I used to.

Personally, I love reading at the library.

I worked in a library all through my undergraduate and graduate years, and my first real job out of university was in a library.

In fact, this channel is named after the place

that I used to go in my old library when I wanted to be alone and just get lost in a book.

Now, if a library is a little out of the way for you, or if it's just not your thing, maybe you could just set up an old-fashioned reading nook, you know, far away from the TV,

far away from your phone and computers, or any technology whatsoever.

And something else I would suggest is that you think about the time that you spend for each reading session.

Nowadays, reading consists of short incremental fragments of reading time,

but it's really difficult to achieve a deep state of flow when you're constantly having to stop and then restart again.

If you think about it, you know, if every day you're immersing yourself in a book for, say, an hour.

A daily habit like this can train your mind to naturally and automatically return to that slower,

more mindful rhythm that's needed for deep reading.

Either way, when you sit down to read a book, if you notice that you're having difficulty remembering, it's something to think about.

Are you reading the same way you do online?

Just being aware of this can help you shift into a mode of reading

that will make it easier to understand and remember long after you put the book down.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這段影片共有 75 個句子、1252 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 7:19。說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 171 個詞，接近日常對話。 87% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙容易理解。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個不太常見的單詞，附發音和釋義：

habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/ (名詞) — 習慣 /習慣. An action performed on a regular basis.
comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/ (名詞) — 理解, 瞭解 /瞭解. A thorough understanding.
pace /peɪs/ (名詞) — 步伐, 步幅. A step taken with the foot.
difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ (名詞) — 困難 /困難. The state of being difficult, or hard to do.
depend /dɪˈpɛnd/ (動詞) — 信任, 信賴 /信賴. To be contingent or conditioned; to have something as a necessary condition
refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/ (動詞) — 談到 /談到. To direct the attention of (someone toward something).
skill /skɪl/ (名詞) — 技巧, 技能. A capacity to do something well; a technique, an ability, usually acquired or learned, as opposed to abilities that are regarded as innate.
recall /ɹɪˈkɔl/ (動詞) — 罷免 /罷免, 召回. To withdraw, retract (one's words etc.); to revoke (an order).
physics /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ (名詞) — 物理學 /物理學. The branch of science concerned with the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter and energy.
silly /ˈsɪl.i/ (形容詞) — 愚蠢, 笨. Laughable or amusing through foolishness or a foolish appearance.
belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/ (動詞) — 屬於 /屬於. To have its proper place.
connect /kəˈnɛkt/ (動詞) — 連線 /連線. To join (to another object): to attach, or to be intended to attach or capable of attaching, to another object.
efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/ (名詞) — 效率, 效能. The extent to which a resource is used for the intended purpose.
routine /ɹuˈtin/ (名詞) — 常規 /常規, 慣例 /慣例. A course of action to be followed regularly; a standard procedure.
comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/ (形容詞) — 全面的, 綜合的 /綜合的. Broadly or completely covering; including a large proportion of something.

影片中出現的短語動詞

slow down (動詞) — 減速 /減速, 放慢. To decelerate.
do in (動詞) — 幹掉 /幹掉, 弄死. To kill or end; to defeat.
go back (動詞) — 回去, 返回. To return to a place or state after having been there at a previous time.
sit down (動詞) — 坐下, 坐. To assume a sitting position from a standing position.

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 24 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 you're, we're, don't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: rhythm /ˈɹɪð.əm/, mouthful /ˈmaʊθfʊl/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, reflection /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/
長單詞——注意重音位置: difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, analytical /ˌæn.əˈlɪt.ɪ.kəl/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 habit, comprehension, pace 這類單詞。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	you've forgotten · have divided · has been
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	being presented · is filled · is named

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

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