跟讀練習: Will Pilots Become Obsolete? SINGLE- and NO-PILOT Operation explained by CAPTAIN JOE - 通過影片學習英語口語
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183 句
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Nowadays airplane manufacturers and airlines are working closely together to reduce the number of pilots in the cockpit more and more
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to potentially a state where no pilots will be required to fly a plane.
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Dear friends and followers, welcome back to my channel and to a dreaded video topic.
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Yes, we do have to talk about it as this topic is being addressed more and more in the aviation world.
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The hype about the potential single pilot operation and or is artificial intelligence going to replace the pilots entirely?
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What can we expect and should you worry as a pilot or a future pilot?
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What are we waiting for and let's get started.
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A few years back some airplanes needed a four-man crew to be able to operate the aircraft safely.
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You had a navigator, the flight engineer, the first officer and the captain.
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Now the navigator has become completely obsolete and the engineer you do see every now and then,
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but 99% of all airlines are safely operated by two pilots.
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Technology just got better and better over the years.
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Nowadays, airplane manufacturers and airlines are working closely together to reduce the number of pilots in the cockpit more and more,
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to potentially a state where no pilots will be required to fly a plane.
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Wouldn't that make this guy super happy?
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But in order to understand this better, let's first take a step back and look at why aviation is even able to talk about single pilot operations.
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Therefore, we need to understand the implementation of the autopilot.
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The first autopilot was developed in 1912 for mainly two reasons.
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First and far most to assist the pilots and reduce their workload on longer flights.
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Now just imagine the amount of workload former pilots were dealing with.
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Navigating, avoiding weather, finding enemy territory and besides all that, fly the damn plane, which wasn't the most reliable either.
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So the first autopilot had two features, maintaining altitude and heading.
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Very basic, but an absolute milestone in the aviation industry.
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The second reason was to reduce the accidents due to fatigue and pilot errors in bad weather conditions.
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As mentioned earlier, the pilot had to manually fly every flight for the entire duration of the flight by hand.
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This causes extreme fatigue and potentially dangerous situations, especially when the pilot encounters bad weather or low visibility conditions,
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plus low oxygen levels.
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Now two of my colleagues experienced an unreliable airspeed event a few months back
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and then they had to fly the aircraft manually from New York to Chicago in lousy weather.
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They had to change over controls every hour because symptoms of fatigue were kicking in.
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Side note, Mythbusters showed that fatigued drivers made more mistakes on the road than drunk drivers.
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I advise you to neither drive your car in either state.
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So now you can imagine the dangers of a fatigued pilot
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entering bad weather in the last 30 minutes of the flight
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and is required to fly an instrument approach right to the minimums.
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So we can say with no doubt that the autopilot was and is an incredibly helpful tool for any pilot.
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Now take note tool, a very important word to remember.
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A single pilot in the cockpit of a plane is not a very uncommon sight in smaller general aviation aircraft.
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Legally you are allowed to fly an aircraft with one pilot given that two requirements are met.
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One, the aircraft is certified by the manufactured to be operated with one pilot, such as the Cessna 172 that we are all very familiar with,
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and most of the Cessna Citation jets.
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Secondly, the aircraft is legally allowed to be operated by one pilot, given that it complies with certain legal requirements
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like being under 12,500 pounds maximum takeoff weight and less than nine passengers on board.
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I will not bore you guys with all the legal parameters to fly a plane single crew, but what I will make clear is
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that most airline jets are required by their manufacturer's operating handbook
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as well as the company's operating manuals to be operated by a minimum of two pilots.
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And because airline CEOs are greedy and want to save as much money as possible,
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they are trying to change this to one pilot or even in the future no pilot at all operations.
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I have personally met one of those pro single pilot or no pilot cockpit CEOs.
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After a brief chat about this topic with him, I made sure that he would never hire me.
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According to an article published on Euroactive in September 2021,
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Airbus is developing improvements in their technology to one day eliminate the need for a co-pilot in the cockpit.
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The article states
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that Airbus is in negotiations with the EU regulatory authorities on
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whether the technology can be used to certify aircraft for single pilot operations,
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either for the entire flight or certain flight portions, for example during cruise.
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They claim that their technology is capable of handling most of the duties required
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and that the pilot on board will only be on board for strategic decision making and monitoring of limited systems.
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A job apparently only one pilot is needed for.
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Really?
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Are you sure about that?
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The EASA is currently discussing two scenarios.
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One where long-haul flights can be reduced to only two pilots rather than four, like on my last rotation,
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for example, stating both pilots will be in the cockpit for critical phases of flight, such as takeoff and landing,
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and then only one pilot will be in the cockpit during non-critical stages, such as cruise.
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They will rotate with each other during the flight, always having one crew member resting.
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The second scenario is a fully single pilot operation where only one pilot will be on board.
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This will be on shorter flights initially and the program is known within Airbus as Project Connect.
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Funny enough, many of you have already flown on this plane or are even type rated on it.
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Now pause the video and make a guess which plane that might be.
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3, 2, 1, yes, the fourth best looking aircraft after the 747,
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Concorde and the Supermarina Spitfire.
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It is the Airbus A350.
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That is the future.
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As much as I love Airbus
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and their constant strive to improve the aviation industry in regards to safety
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and fuel efficiency they are the ones pioneering the spo the single pilot operation it's always a bad sign
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when they already have an abbreviation for it
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and will be starting with this project in 2025
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and the leading airline in connection with airbus at this time
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is make an educated guess primarily flies long haul out of
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hong kong yes good old kathy pacific with With the technology already implemented in the military by flying drones autonomously
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and flying others from the ground,
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the co-pilot's position will in the future be replaced by an aircraft dispatcher trained in basic flying abilities.
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Dispatchers today handle anywhere from 5 to 15 aircraft at the time, supporting them with route and weather information in real time,
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etc. It is proposed that during single pilot operations, the dispatcher will act as a backup pilot,
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assisting from the ground if the single pilot on board requires any assistance.
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So, as we can see, reducing the number of crew on your flight is,
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sadly, a very real discussion going on by airlines and manufacturers today.
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Claiming that it will be safer and more fuel efficient,
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the more autonomy is brought into the cockpit and the humans are taken out of the equation.
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And of course, it saves companies millions in salary costs per year.
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Just a brief reminder, salary costs are absolute peanuts for airlines compared to airplane leasing and fuel costs.
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Salary costs are less than 4%.
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So taking out the first officer will make all the difference.
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Yeah, right.
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Don't get me wrong, seriously.
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But will this be possible?
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Will the technology be able to completely replace the judgement, assistance and safety a co-pilot provides?
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Let's look at a few hurdles the manufacturers and airlines and authorities will have to overcome before taking away the co-pilot.
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First of all, the pilot is part of a safety critical system.
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A system that was designed over the years to connect
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and introduce harmony between the pilot's judgment and the computer's ability and accuracy.
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Now while we have backup systems on board an aircraft, we also have a backup when it comes to human ability.
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Removing a human from the safety equation will,
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without a doubt, reduce the monitoring capability and problem solving capacity of the cockpit environment.
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And until now, any addition and improvement in technology has been implemented to improve safety.
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This one will directly reduce it again.
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We hear a lot about pilot error.
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Every other aviation YouTuber talks smack about pilots planting their plane into the ground about the mistakes they've made.
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But we are rarely told about pilots saving the day when technology fails.
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This happens more often than you think.
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If you want to see how it looks when technology fails on a flight deck,
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have a look at the flight of Qantas 3-2 and imagine a single pilot in that cockpit when that happened.
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I have three words.
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No thank you.
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What they did was a miracle how they saved that plane, trust me.
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Number two, what about pilot incapacitation?
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When the single pilot in the cockpit becomes ill or passes out, you are left with no human intuition and ability in the cockpit.
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That will put some real confidence into the rest of the crew and fearful passengers.
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Authorities will have to be able to demonstrate the ability of the technology to monitor a single pilot
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and notify the cabin crew when the pilot is non-responsive.
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This is the day when the Microsoft flight simulator pilot gets his chance.
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This introduces another problem when it comes to sleep.
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Depending on which sleep cycle the resting pilot is under,
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it will take him a long time to be fully cognitive and able to first see the situation and react.
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Number three, redundancy.
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People make mistakes.
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Do them all the time.
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When taking out the second pilot of the cockpit,
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you will have to implement a system that is able to recognize that what the pilot did is a mistake.
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It is one thing to have a computer to tell you that 2 plus 2 is 4, but to have a computer understand the situation you are in
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and the decision you made from that situation is a completely different thing.
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In the interest of safety, the pilot can decide to deviate from normal procedures, but will the technology allow him to do this?
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Will it understand?
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Unusual instructions are a daily obstacle or pilots need to follow, for example, from A to C on ground or in the air.
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That is the huge difference.
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That makes aviation so interesting because it's so diverse and every day is different.
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Number 4, safety.
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We all remember the tragic German wings accident.
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The other safety issue is with technology, the more automation and AI, the more threat of cyber attacks.
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Remember, if we get to no pilot operations, an operator will operate their fleet of aircraft from a command center.
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This gives us the terrifying thought of a hacked airline fleet.
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Authorities and manufacturers will have to prove their technology is unhackable, and I'm not so sure how plausible that is,
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playing remote control planes with actual planes and passengers.
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That's a headline that writes itself.
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Number five, mental problems.
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Leaving a pilot in a cockpit alone on long-haul flights for several hours will have a massive psychological impact on the pilot.
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Additional and special training will have to be implemented for such environments,
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so having a crew member with you at all times is a big morale boost.
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Taking that away, in my opinion, is pretty problematic.
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Number 6.
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We have not even looked at the problem relating to upgrading co-pilots to captain, etc.
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Today, a co-pilot needs to fly a lot of hours with captains in order to gain the experience of commanding an airliner.
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If airplanes are only required to be flown by one pilot, how and when will new pilots gain their experience?
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Also what about the public acceptance, pilot workload during turnaround, pre-flight setups,
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paperwork etc. This all contributes to mental fatigue done by only one pilot.
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I just don't see it.
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It's too much, if you ask me.
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There are so many things that need to be overcome that we cannot fit them all into this one video.
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So I will leave you guys with my personal opinion.
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In recent years, success is measured on how cheap we can do something, not on how safe.
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I hate to break it to you, but there is a blue and white airline, which is one of the biggest contributors to this trend, especially here in Europe.
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I believe that in the past, when safety was replaced by profit, bad things happened later on.
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And unfortunately, profit is the big motivator in this case.
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So many aviation incidents and accidents are a sad indication of this trend.
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The Covid pandemic has undoubtedly caused financial pressure on airlines, and this might just be a financial solution for them.
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Safety on board an aircraft is directly dependent on the human factor.
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Yes, automation is an amazing tool as discussed earlier, but that is where it is good at.
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It is a tool, not a creative problem solver in emergency situations.
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So why not develop a safer cockpit by designing these incredible
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technological improvements in the cockpit environment in order to increase safety even more?
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The first word in aviation is, in capital letters, SAFETY.
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Let's improve it and not compromise on it.
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In the past, innovation was the cost of many innocent lives.
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Surely today we can innovate and not compromise flight safety at the same time.
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That's it for today.
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Let me know in the comments below what you guys think of the idea of a single pilot airline
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or a no pilot airline.
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Maybe we can start a poll in the comments to see where the aviation world or fans stand on this topic.
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Thank you very much for your time, here's your checklist for today, subscribe to my channel, check, activate your notification bell, check, follow my Instagram account, check,
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perform a touch and go at my website,
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check where you can get this amazing book and don't forget a good pilot is always learning, wishing you all the best, your captain girl.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“Will Pilots Become Obsolete? SINGLE- and NO-PILOT Operation explained by CAPTAIN JOE”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：pilot, flight, cockpit, airline, aircraft。 這段影片共有 183 個句子、2443 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 17:11。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 142 個詞，很適合跟讀。 82% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| airline 名詞 | /ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/ | 航空公司 |
| aviation 名詞 | /ˌeɪ̯.viːˈeɪ̯.ʃən/ | 航空, 飛行 /飛行 |
| fatigue 名詞 | /fəˈtiːɡ/ | 疲勞 /疲勞, 倦怠 |
| airplane 名詞 | /ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/ | 飛機 /飛機, 飛行機 /飛行機 |
| autopilot 名詞 | /ˈɔtoʊˌpaɪlət/ | 自動駕駛儀 /自動駕駛儀, 自動駕駛 /自動駕駛 |
| implement 動詞 | /ˈɪmpləmənt/ | 實施 /實施, 執行 /執行 |
| certify 動詞 | /ˈsɜː.tɪ.faɪ/ | 證明 /證明 |
| dispatcher 名詞 | /ˈdɪs.pætʃ.ə(ɹ)/ | 排程 /排程 |
| navigator 名詞 | /ˈnavɪɡeɪtə/ | 導航員 /導航員 |
| takeoff 名詞 | 起飛 /起飛 | |
| manually 副詞 | /ˈmænj(u)əliː/ | 手動地 |
| automation 名詞 | /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | 自動化 /自動化 |
| equation 名詞 | /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/ | 方程式, 方程 |
| nowadays 副詞 | /ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/ | 現在 /現在, 現今 /現今 |
| compromise 名詞 | /ˈkɑmpɹəˌmaɪz/ | 妥協 /妥協, 和解 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| take out 動詞 | 取出 |
值得反覆跟讀的句子
影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：
- What are we waiting for and let's get started.
- Wouldn't that make this guy super happy?
- Are you sure about that?
- Don't get me wrong, seriously.
- I just don't see it.
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | will be required · being addressed · was developed |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | has become · have personally met · have already flown |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 7 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, I'm, they've。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: aviation /ˌeɪ̯.viːˈeɪ̯.ʃən/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, abbreviation /əˌbɹi.viˈeɪ.ʃn̩/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: aviation /ˌeɪ̯.viːˈeɪ̯.ʃən/, autopilot /ˈɔtoʊˌpaɪlət/, navigator /ˈnavɪɡeɪtə/, manually /ˈmænj(u)əliː/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: aviation /ˌeɪ̯.viːˈeɪ̯.ʃən/, navigator /ˈnavɪɡeɪtə/, abbreviation /əˌbɹi.viˈeɪ.ʃn̩/, responsive /ɹɪˈspɑn.sɪv/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: cockpit /ˈkɑkˌpɪt/, airbus /ˈeɹ.bʌs/, fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/, autopilot /ˈɔtoʊˌpaɪlət/, implement /ˈɪmpləmənt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: airline /ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/, airplane /ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/, unreliable /ˌʌn.ɹəˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/, follower /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/, morale /məˈɹɑːl/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 airline, aviation, fatigue 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。