跟读练习: CONTEMPORARY TOPICS 2 UNIT 6 HISTORY THE SILK ROAD - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Today we're going to continue with the discussion of the Silk Road.
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one of the most historically important trade routes in the world.
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- The first time we have been talking about Now as you know, the Silk Road was a major trade route between Europe and Western China for about 1 ,500 years.
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It was used from about 100 BCE until about 1400 CE.
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There had been some trade across Central Asia before that, But it wasn't until about 100 BCE that trade between Europe and China increased significantly.
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So, we're going to look at how the Silk Road developed.
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First, I want to mention three dynasties in China that were in power at significant points in the Silk Road's history.
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Dynasty here means a group of rulers or a family.
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with political control.
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First, the Han Dynasty.
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They ruled from 206 BCE to 220 CE.
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approximately when the Silk Road started.
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Second is the Tang Dynasty, in power from 618 to 907.
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the peak period of the Silk Road.
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And third, the Ming Dynasty.
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In 1368, they took control and soon thereafter, the use of the Silk Road basically ended.
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Now this is just a quick overview, so I'll go into more detail about these three groups later.
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Now most people say "the Silk Road." But it wasn't only one root.
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was a network of routes between China and the Mediterranean Sea.
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The roots from China all started in Xi 'an, That's spelled X -I -A -P -O -T -O -F -E -A -N.
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I actually lived in Xi 'an a few years back when I was working in China.
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And from Xi 'an I traveled way out into Western China
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just to get a sense of what the Silk Road was really like.
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It wasn't an easy place to travel, but traders did it for many years.
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Now going forward you should know that Xi 'an was actually called Zhang 'an.
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during the time of the Silk Road.
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So from Zheng 'an, the route went west until traders reached the Taklamakan Desert, To avoid it, some routes went south to Dunhuang,
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and some went north through the Gobi Desert and over into Central Asia.
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The routes all reconnected further west, though and eventually they led to some big trade centers in Europe, in Rome.
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and what is now called Istanbul and Turkey.
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There are different estimates about how long the Silk Road was altogether.
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We're going to go with about 5 ,000 miles or 8 ,000 kilometers.
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So what do you think was the main reason the Silk Road developed?
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Well, the short answer is that people in Europe wanted goods from China.
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and people in China want to go to Europe.
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I'll focus now on the west end of the route in Europe.
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And then we'll go to the East End in China.
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On the west end at the Mediterranean Sea were the Romans.
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By about 100 BCE, the Romans had learned about luxury goods from China, silk in particular.
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which was very popular in Rome then.
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- Okay.
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So, the Romans started building roads to the east so they could get luxury goods from China.
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Meanwhile, from the East End in China, the Han Dynasty was in power.
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We have to review a little history at this point.
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The Han Dynasty ruled China from 206 BCE, to 220 CE, as I mentioned.
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and Zheng An was the capital.
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But because China was so big, it was very difficult to defend, especially against the Mongol invaders from the north.
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Oh.
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So in 138 BCE, Emperor Woody, That's W -U -D -I.
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sent a group out to Western China to recruit fighters for the conflict with the Mongol invaders.
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The group's leader was captured.
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All right.
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And when he returned a decade later, He told the emperor about a type of big strong horse in western China.
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The Han Dynasty decided to make a big push west to get these horses in order to make the Han army stronger.
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- Thank you.
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So, you see, in about 100 BCE, the Romans and the Chinese were pushing east and west respectively.
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and thus the Silk Road developed.
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According to historical records, the Romans didn't go all the way to China
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and the Chinese traders didn't go all the way to Europe.
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Instead, many of the traders were from Central Asia.
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The traders mostly went short distances in caravans and bought and sold goods along the way.
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Europe wanted silk, spices and furs, and other goods from China.
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China wanted horses initially.
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but later it wanted goods from Europe like gold and glass.
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and traders exchanged both goods and information.
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For example, There were trade secrets like where to get the best silk and where the best roots were.
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The Silk Road was very difficult to travel.
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and traders tried alternate routes mainly to avoid two things.
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Bad weather and bad people.
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There were many robbers who tried to steal the trader's silk and other goods.
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Traders also wanted to avoid towns that forced them to pay a fee.
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when they're passing through.
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The peak period for the Silk Road was in the 600s during the Tang Dynasty.
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Zhang Yan was very big and very prosperous then.
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About two million people live there, including 8 ,000 foreigners from many places, including What is today, Iran?
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Turkey.
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Japan, and Korea.
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By the early 900s, the Tang Dynasty lost power.
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and trade on the Silk Road declined sharply because there was fighting and it became much too dangerous for the traders.
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By about 1400 trade on the Silk Road basically stopped.
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There are two main reasons.
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One.
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In 1368, the Ming Dynasty took control.
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and they didn't want any contact with foreigners.
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and two, European traders begin to prefer ships.
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which were faster and safer than the Silk Road. So, to wrap up.
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The Silk Road developed because people in one part of the world wanted something from another part of the world.
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In recent years, people have talked about globalization as creating new Silk Roads.
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We'll take up this idea next time.
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Okay?
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背景与概述
在今天的讨论中，我们探讨了丝绸之路，这是全球历史上最重要的贸易路线之一。丝绸之路连接了欧洲和中国西部，持续了大约1500年。它的兴起大约始于公元前100年，直到公元1400年。尽管在此之前已经有一些穿越中亚的贸易，但真正显著的贸易往来是在100 BCE之后。我们将了解丝绸之路的发展，以及三个在其历史上关键时期统治中国的王朝——汉朝、唐朝和明朝。
日常交流的五个关键词
- 丝绸 (silk)：丝绸是中国最著名的奢侈商品之一，受到罗马等西方国家的喜爱。
- 贸易 (trade)：丝绸之路促进了东西方之间的商品和文化交流。
- 汉朝 (Han Dynasty)：汉朝是丝绸之路发展初期的重要统治朝代。
- 路线 (route)：丝绸之路并不仅仅是一条路线，而是一个连接众多路线的网络。
- 罗马 (Rome)：罗马人通过修建道路来获取中国的奢侈品，尤其是丝绸。
逐步模仿指南
要掌握这段视频中提到的内容，关键是进行有效的shadowspeak。以下是学习的步骤：
- 了解上下文：在开始模仿之前，首先要了解丝绸之路的历史背景和重要性。
- 听力训练：多次播放这段视频，尽量捕捉每个细节，包括发音和语调。
- 选择短句：从“日常交流的五个关键词”中选择一句，进行重点练习。可以从“丝绸”开始。
- 模仿发音：确保能清晰地发出每个词的音，使用提高英语发音的方法来优化语音。
- 持续练习：反复使用这些短语进行交流，以巩固记忆并提高流利度。
通过以上步骤，你可以在学习历史语境的同时，利用shadow speech的技巧来提高自己的英语口语能力与自信心。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。