跟读练习: Để Có Động Lực, Ngay Cả Khi Không Muốn (Tiếng Anh Song Ngữ TED-Ed) - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Motivation is complicated.
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Motivation is complicated.
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While you may never enjoy doing the laundry,
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it may feel less daunting if you get praise from a loved one.
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Why does motivation seem so fickle?
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And what even is it in the first place?
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You've always aspired to be a professional artist.
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At last, this dream may become a reality,
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and you're creating a portfolio to submit to art programs.
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But as the application deadline looms,
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you suddenly find yourself unmotivated and avoiding the canvas altogether.
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Why does motivation seem so fickle?
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And what even is it in the first place?
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Psychologists define motivation as the desire or impetus to initiate and maintain a particular behavior.
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In other words, it's the energy that drives you to do something.
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And knowing the source of that drive is particularly important when it comes to understanding how to maintain it.
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These motivational forces generally fall into two broad categories, intrinsic and extrinsic.
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Intrinsic motivation is involved when you experience an activity as an end in itself.
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Take a hobby like playing video games.
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The experience largely explains the desire to do it.
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Performing tasks that feel right in the moment or that you find meaningful,
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interesting, or or satisfying are driven by intrinsic motivation.
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Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand,
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refers to pursuing a task as a means to an end.
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While few would consider going to the dentist an enjoyable activity,
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you're often motivated by the outcome of having clean, healthy teeth.
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Other examples of extrinsic motivation include completing a task to receive some sort of reward,
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whether it's praise, power, or money.
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Notably, these rewards tend to come later,
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like receiving a bonus at the end of a quarter,
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or winning a competition after months of training.
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While extrinsic rewards like getting paid may seem appealing,
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their effectiveness can be surprisingly short-lived.
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For example, a 2017 study found that those who were highly focused on the outcomes of their New Year's resolutions,
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or driven by extrinsic motivation,
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weren't the most likely to stick to them.
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What did predict persistence, however,
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was how much a person enjoyed pursuing their goals.
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In other words, you're more likely to maintain an exercise routine if you take classes you enjoy,
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rather than just those that build your biceps.
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Years of psychology research have shown that high levels of intrinsic motivation for school,
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a job or an exercise class,
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are more likely to keep you engaged in the long run.
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Day-to-day actions, though, are rarely either exclusively intrinsically or extrinsically motivated.
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Studying for a history exam,
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for example, can be intrinsically motivated if you're curious about the culture of ancient Egypt.
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But extrinsic motivators may also be at play,
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as you aim to get a good grade,
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or feel pressure from family members to do well in school.
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But having multiple motivators isn't always better.
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One study of military cadets found that those who were driven both by intrinsic motivators like self-improvement,
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and extrinsic motivators like the outcome of getting a good job,
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were overall less motivated than cadets driven by just one of these factors.
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As a result, these cadets performed worse and were less likely to graduate.
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Psychologists call this phenomenon the over-justification effect—the idea that additional,
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extrinsic motivators can actually muddy the waters when you already have the intrinsic drive to do something.
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But this is only a problem if you already find a task motivating.
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When you're faced with an activity you find tedious or uninteresting,
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adding extrinsic rewards can be beneficial.
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In this way, extrinsic motivators can provide sufficient justification.
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While you may never enjoy doing the laundry,
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it may feel less daunting if you get praise from a loved one.
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Or even promise yourself that you'll watch your favorite TV show when you're done folding.
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Motivation is complicated.
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And sometimes, no matter how passionate you are about a goal or hobby,
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finding the motivation to actually do it can be difficult.
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But there are things you can do to increase your drive,
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even when it feels impossible.
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Focus on building intrinsic motivation by making the task more fun in the moment.
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Asking a friend to join you
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or simply putting on your favorite playlist can give you the boost to get started
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and stick with your goals for the long haul.
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背景与背景
在这个视频中，讲者探讨了动机的复杂性，并解释了人们在特定活动中动力的来源。动机不是一成不变的，而是会受到内外因素的影响。通过心理学的角度，我们可以了解到动机有内在动机和外在动机之分，前者是指一种活动本身所带来的乐趣和满足感，而后者则是为了获得某种结果，比如奖赏或赞美。了解这些概念对学习英语，尤其是通过看YouTube学英语，具有重要的启示作用，可以帮助我们更好地保持对学习的热情。
日常交流的五个短语
- What is motivation? - 什么是动机？
- Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation - 内在动机与外在动机
- How to maintain motivation? - 如何保持动机？
- You're more likely to stick to it - 你更可能坚持下去
- You find meaningful and interesting - 你觉得有意义和有趣
逐步跟读指南
要有效地进行英语口语练习，特别是在观看此类视频时，建议采用shadow speech的方法。以下是逐步指南：
- 观看视频并初步理解内容：首先，不妨观看视频一遍，尽量理解讲者所传达的信息。这将帮助你建立语境。
- 暂停并跟读：在每句句子后暂停，尝试模仿讲者的发音和语调。这一过程中使用shadowspeak技巧能够提高你的发音和流利度。
- 重复练习：反复练习这几个短语，直到能够自信地说出来。结合“看YouTube学英语”的资源，可以使学习更加生动有趣。
- 与他人分享：找到学习伙伴，与你的朋友或同学一起练习这些短语。通过交流，你将更能巩固所学的内容。
- 自我反思：在练习后，花一些时间思考你哪部分做得好，哪部分需要改进。这将有助于提升你的英语口语能力。
通过这些步骤，你不仅可以提升英语口语能力，更能在学习旅程中保持高昂的动机。记得多利用shadow speech的方法，尽量将英语学习融入日常生活中，让学习变得更加顺畅和有趣！
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。