跟读练习: how to make notes like an Oxford student | learn everything - 通过视频学习英语口语
正在创建课程...
1
As you know, Oxford students are expected to go through long reading lists of anywhere between 10 to 30 books, then remember all of this information, process it within a few days,
2
and produce 2,000 to 2,500 word essays every week.
3
After getting through this grueling process, I figured out the perfect note-taking method for me, a method I am using as a PhD student at Harvard too.
4
It is highly efficient, especially for humanities and language subjects.
5
If you want better grades but want to spend less time studying, watch this.
6
This method has three parts.
7
What to do before note-taking, how to actually take notes, and how to revise using these notes.
8
I'll also be using this IB textbook to demonstrate my points in real time, so to speak, but this method really applies to every subject.
9
Step 1.
10
Choose your medium.
11
One of the greatest debates in note-taking, paper or laptop.
12
There are distinct advantages and disadvantages to both.
13
Most research seems to suggest that writing notes by hand, as opposed to typing them out, drastically helps with absorbing and understanding information.
14
However, it does take much longer than typing, and the notes are more fragile than, say, a typed copy, which you can save and reprint whenever you want.
15
On the other hand, typing notes is faster.
16
It is also far easier to parse through and organize typed notes than piles of handwritten paper.
17
The cons are, as Afra mentioned, you retain less information when typing notes, and there's always the temptation to copy and paste information directly without synthesizing it into your own words first.
18
Given such clear pros and cons, step one to my method is to mix both mediums.
19
What I do is I make the notes on a physical notebook first
20
and then when I'm done with going through the chapter, let's say, I type the notes up into a Word document.
21
I know some people like making notes on their iPad, which I think could also be a good solution, but I'm just too old-fashioned for that.
22
It's just not the same as writing on paper.
23
Step two, learn the exam.
24
I strongly believe that for everything, you have to know your audience if you want to do that thing well, whatever that thing might be.
25
After all, what you produce, in our case the exam answers, needs to be what our audience, again in our case the examiners, wants to see.
26
This means that even before you start taking notes, you need to have a look at the past papers and the mark schemes.
27
This is one thing I refused to do in high school
28
because it made me anxious to look at past papers before learning the material, but I wasted a lot of time as a result.
29
Most, if not all, exam boards will have past papers, mark schemes, and even examiner reports you can access either online or through your school.
30
Download as many of these as you can, then review the past papers with the mark schemes next to them.
31
This will show you three things.
32
Number one, what topics come up most frequently, and trust me, they repeat very frequently, especially for science papers.
33
2. Where the points are rewarded and where most students make mistakes. And 3.
34
What types of answers you will need to produce, whether that's short form, paragraphs, or full essays.
35
Step 3.
36
Use more than one source.
37
Once you become familiar with how you're going to be examined and what kinds of questions you're going to be asked, it is now time to collect the raw materials, the actual content that we need to learn from.
38
This information can come from various places and in my experience, the more sources you have, the better.
39
For most subjects in high school and Dima University, you will have a main textbook.
40
That'll be our foundation.
41
But there will also be worksheets distributed in class, other textbooks from different publishers, online resources, research you do on your own,
42
etc. Try to pull as many of these different sources as possible, and during our note-taking process, we'll be synthesizing all of this into one master notes document.
43
This will help you catch all the information you will ever
44
need to produce answers better than other students who just use one textbook and left it at that.
45
Now that we have all the necessary materials, it is time to move on to note-taking.
46
But first, two things to keep in mind.
47
One, most students start taking notes as a way of revising right before an exam.
48
This is unfortunately a big mistake.
49
Note-taking should not be your main form of revision.
50
Think of it rather as preparing for revision.
51
The actual reviewing and learning will happen after our notes are ready.
52
And two, if you're doing a program with final exams after one or two years, so a longer program, you should not take notes in small spurts before in-school assessments in in a disorganized fashion.
53
Instead, you should be creating a notes master document for each subject
54
and finish this well before officially starting your revision process for the final exams, which should be from at least two months before the exams start.
55
Now, keeping all of this in mind, this is how I make notes.
56
I'll be using this Weimar public section in the IB History Authoritarian States textbook, but again, this is just an example, and this method applies to all subjects.
57
Number one, rather than diving straight into making notes, read or skim through the chapter first, trying to identify three things.
58
The arguments being made, the details of those arguments, and the evidence being used to support those arguments.
59
Do not dive straight into making notes while reading the textbook, because then it is really easy to get lost in all of the information.
60
We want a bird's eye view first.
61
This is why I think writing notes out is better, because it physically discourages you from copying the text directly without first understanding how the information is laid out.
62
If you review this section on the Rheinland Republic, for example, even though it is organized chronologically, there are multiple arguments being made here on why the Rheinland Republic eventually failed.
63
For example, one reason it failed, it argues, was the feeling by some in Germany that they were stabbed in the back by some forces in the country.
64
Another argument is that Germany was inexperienced with democracy at this time and therefore more likely to fail.
65
These big arguments should be the anchors with which you structure your notes, so note them down as the main points.
66
Then underneath, note down the details of the arguments as indented bullet points.
67
And then under those, note the evidence for each of the arguments.
68
Two, now from before, we talked about the importance of knowing your exams and using more than one source.
69
For example, IB history exams encourage the use of historiography in your essays.
70
The textbook includes it here, a quote from Peter Gay, a renowned Yale historian.
71
But everyone is going to be saying this passage in the textbook because most people use the same textbook.
72
We need to go beyond that.
73
So what I would do is find anything by Peter Gay to supplement this quote, using more than just the textbook and making my notes.
74
For example, this quote from his seminal work, Weimer Culture, The Outsider as Insider, for a time the Republic had a real chance.
75
Whatever some derisive historians have said, if the end of the Republic was implied in in its beginning, the end was not inevitable.
76
A slightly different argument from what the quote in the textbook alone suggests, therefore making our understanding of historiography richer.
77
Three, once you finish writing this initial draft of the notes, copy it onto a Word document.
78
This helps to store the notes safely and also gives you a chance to review the notes as you're typing them up.
79
Four, going forward, update this initial draft of your notes whenever you get new resources or more information.
80
So this master notes document is something that you should update constantly throughout school and not just before exams.
81
One tip is that you should keep close track of where you get your notes from
82
because we will be updating it constantly and this can make it very difficult to remember where bits of information is from.
83
Personally, I like recording sources using footnotes and noting page numbers etc using superscripts.
84
By the way, make sure you check out the full demonstration of my note-taking method linked down below
85
if you want to see how this looks in action.
86
It is on my free Patreon where I post all of my free study resources not only on school work
87
but also university applications free of charge.
88
Now that we have a first draft of our master notes document, here's how I use them to actually revise for exams.
89
First, I print out the notes and go through them using highlighters.
90
One key thing that I do during this review process is making notes in the margins of my own notes.
91
If I notice any thorough lines, for example, or things connecting with each other, I note that down.
92
I also note down any questions that I have.
93
Another thing that I do while reviewing the notes
94
that I don't think really anyone talks about
95
but is extremely helpful is answering hypothetical essay questions in my head as I go over the information.
96
So for example, when reviewing the Weimar Republic, I imagine answering questions like what are the causes of the downfall of the Weimar Republic,
97
etc. So actively engaging your brain while reading.
98
I like reordering my notes based on different approaches and also different essay questions.
99
When I'm studying a particular field, for example, and I want to find out how our perception of the topic has changed over time, I order the sources again by date of publication.
100
But if I want to brainstorm answering a potential thematic essay question, I list the notes out again by theme.
101
And this is the main benefit of copying your notes out onto the laptop
102
because it allows you to do precisely this sort of personalization depending on what kinds of essays
103
or tests that you are preparing for.
104
So this is how I make notes as someone who has had to take so many exams in her life, but so many students mistake making notes as revising.
105
Just remember two things.
106
One, your notes should build you up for success, meaning you should structure it to fit what you need for your purposes, in our case, exams.
107
And two, making notes is a step before actual revision.
108
We use the notes to revise.
109
Make sure you check out the full demonstration of my note-taking method linked down below, and thank you so much for watching.
✨ 推荐视频
B21
183 句
This Book Changed How I Read
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
119 句
01 English Vocabulary in Use Advanced Unit 1-4
Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
B22
200 句
Give Me 15 Minutes. I'll Teach You 80% of Obsidian
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B27
83 句
How I Memorized 57 Pages of Notes in 1 Day
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
386 句
Stop Studying, Just Listen: This English Method Will Change Your Life | Inspired by Muniba Mazari
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
185 句
How I Edit My YouTube Videos as a Med Student (Edit for Youtube) 📸 // PETER LE
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
189 句
Why I'm able to study 70+ hours a week and not burn out (how to stay efficient)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
54 句
The FASTEST Way to Study Anything
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B287 句
How to Remember Everything You Read
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
171 句
Learn 10X Faster In 10 Minutes
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
169 句
How to Improve Your English Writing - English Writing Lesson
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
118 句
How I Trained My Brain to Think in English (and Stop Translating)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
本节课学习内容
通过本节课，你将学习牛津学生的笔记技巧，并结合“看YouTube学英语”的方法提升英语能力。视频详细讲解了笔记法的三个部分，同时你还能练习影子跟读（shadowspeak），掌握学术场景下的表达逻辑与语速控制，为雅思口语练习打下基础。
核心词汇与短语
- synthesize：综合，将不同信息整合
- mark scheme：评分标准
- grueling process：艰苦的过程
- parse through：仔细查阅
- master notes document：主笔记文档
练习技巧
影子跟读（shadow speak）时，注意视频语速适中且逻辑清晰，适合模仿学术表达。建议先逐句跟读，重点关注“however”“on the other hand”等连接词的语调变化，体会论证中的转折关系。对于“mix both mediums”这类短语，模仿其重音位置，增强口语的节奏感。
练习雅思口语时，可借鉴视频中“了解考试要求”的思路，先分析口语话题的评分标准，再结合影子跟读积累素材。例如，针对“学习方法”类话题，可复述视频中“手写与打字结合”的观点，同时注意用“in my experience”“trust me”等短语增强表达的自然性。
影子 speech 训练需每天坚持15分钟，先慢速跟读熟悉内容，再逐步提升语速至与视频一致。重点捕捉“most research seems to suggest that”这类长句的断句方式，避免因语速过快导致发音模糊。通过这种方式，既能提升听力理解，又能锻炼口语的流畅度。
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | are expected · are rewarded · be examined |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | have said · has changed |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | students who just · someone who has |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。