跟读练习: Learn English | Reading for Vocabulary | Level B | Lesson 05 | Brian Stuart (미국교과서) - 通过视频学习英语口语
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1
Hello everybody, welcome back to Reading for Vocabulary.
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I'm Brian Stewart.
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Let's learn more about rocks in this lesson.
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We're on lesson five, let's use a rock.
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But be careful when you use rocks, okay?
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Don't use rocks in the wrong way.
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But let's see how we can use rocks.
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We're going to focus on we use rocks in many ways.
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Let's take a look at this subject.
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Of course, nowadays we don't really use rocks a lot, but people long ago, a long,
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long time ago, people long ago made tools with rocks because they didn't have metal.
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They couldn't go to the store and buy tools.
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They had to make tools with rocks.
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And you can see many different kinds of tools here, right?
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We'll talk about these different kinds of tools that they made using rocks.
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So let's take a look.
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Number one, the sharp end of an arrow.
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The sharp end of an arrow.
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What do we call that part right there?
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That is the arrow head.
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Of course, we know what a head is, right?
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The head in our body.
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But think about an arrow, right?
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This is the arrow.
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This is the end, right?
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Like this is the end of my body, the front end, right?
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This is the end.
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So this is the head.
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Arrow, head.
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Remember, arrow, this is the arrow here, right?
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This is the head.
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So the sharp end, it's a very sharp end of an arrow is called arrowhead.
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Arrow, arrowhead.
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Put it together, arrowhead.
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Arrowhead.
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Okay, let's move on.
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Number two, what type of tool was this?
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A tool used for hitting nails.
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Nails into walls, right?
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You use this, and of course it's called a hammer.
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A hammer is used to hit nails into walls.
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So if this is a hammer, this is my nail, right?
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I'm pounding it into the wall.
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Be careful using a hammer.
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Ow!
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You don't want to hit your finger, right?
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So the hammer is used for hitting nails into walls.
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Okay.
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Number three, something that can help you to do what you want.
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Something that helps you do what you want.
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This boy here wants to drink milk.
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So he or she, I'm not sure boy or girl, needs something to help them.
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And this is the glass, right?
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So the glass is what?
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What can we say the glass is?
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Without the glass, trying to drink milk, you know, that's very sloppy, very messy.
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So the glass is useful.
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Useful.
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Okay?
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A glass is useful.
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A tool is useful.
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It can help us do what we want to do.
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It's useful.
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Number four, do you know him?
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Of course you know him.
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He is very what?
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He's very famous.
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We know he's Tiger Woods, known by many people.
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Everybody knows Tiger Woods.
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He is very famous.
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If somebody is known by many people, that person is famous, like sports stars,
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movie actors and actresses, singers.
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These people are famous.
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Number five, we were talking about tools, right?
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That's what we're talking about here, tool.
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These are different kinds of tools, something that we use to build or to fix things.
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We use all these different kinds of tools.
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We can see paintbrush.
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Paintbrush helps us to fix things or to make things look nice.
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Here's our hammer.
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Before we were talking about a hammer, there's a hammer right there.
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These are pliers.
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I'm not going to do all of them, just a few of them, but pliers.
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What's this here?
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Cha in Korean.
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You say ruler.
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So there are many types of tools.
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These are all tools.
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have many different types, many different names, many different uses.
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All these tools are very useful for doing what we want to do.
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Six, be careful.
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That could be very sharp.
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Able to cut easily.
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If you have a knife, a knife is another type of tool.
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A knife is a tool.
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Be careful with many tools.
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Don't don't use them in the wrong way.
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A knife is very sharp.
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It's able to cut something easily.
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So if you cut tomatoes or you cut meat, your knife should be sharp.
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Be careful with a sharp knife.
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Seven, this is another tool.
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It's an interesting tool.
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You use it with a hammer, and you move it along wood, or you can move it along stone,
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and you can make the wood into a certain shape or the stone into a certain shape.
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What do we call this tool?
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We call this tool a chisel, not chisel, don't say that.
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Chisel.
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Okay, ch, we have ch, ch, and sel, sel.
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Chisel, chisel.
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Okay, so it's two sounds, chisel, chisel.
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tool.
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So that's what we call this tool used to shape, to make a wood or stone into different shapes.
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Okay, next, number eight.
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Be careful, she doesn't have pants on.
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Okay, sorry.
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This is a statue of a long time ago, right?
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I just said what it is.
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It's a statue.
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A statue is rock.
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This isn't a person, it's a rock.
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It was made to look like a person.
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Wow, that's amazing.
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The person who made this statue is a really, really good artist.
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The person who made this statue used a chisel
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and a hammer to shape this rock into a shape that looks like a person and we call that a statue.
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Stat-chu.
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Statue.
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Not, achoo!
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Oh, bless you.
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Not that.
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Statue.
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Statue.
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Okay, so it's a statue.
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Okay, next one.
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Number nine.
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Ooh, what's going on here?
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Can you see this little boy or this little girl?
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It's hard to, you're looking, oh, there he is.
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I found him to discover, to find somebody, to find something.
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Maybe this boy or girl is looking for something.
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Ah, 여기 있다!
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Or 저기 있다!
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I found it, right?
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You found it.
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저기 있다!
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There it is!
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Okay?
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Or 여기 있다!
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Here it is.
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I found it.
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Okay?
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Be careful with find.
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Find is an irregular verb.
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It changes form.
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Find, found, found.
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Find, found, found.
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Can you find your books?
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Yes, I found my books.
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They are here.
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Okay, next one.
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Ten, to send something through the air.
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Right, this boy, what did he do with the basketball, right?
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What did he do?
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He, well, he's going to throw.
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He is throwing the basketball.
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To throw is to send something through the air.
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So if you have a ball, you have a rock, don't throw rocks at people or animals.
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You can throw rocks at trees or into ponds.
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But be careful.
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You can throw basketballs, right?
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Sports, as many sports, they throw the ball.
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Throw, of course, changes form.
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Throw, threw, thrown.
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Okay, one more time.
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Throw, throw the ball.
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I threw the ball.
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Have you thrown the ball?
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Okay, so throw, threw, thrown.
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Next one.
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Eleven.
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Oh, I just said this word, right?
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A small lake.
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A small lake.
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Small body of water.
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Small area of water.
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Not a puddle.
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Not a puddle.
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This is larger than a puddle.
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A puddle is very small.
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After it rains, you have maybe a little puddle of water here, but then the sun comes out and then the puddle goes away.
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This doesn't go away.
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This stays here.
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We call it a pond.
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But it's not a lake.
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A lake is bigger, right?
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You can go swimming in a lake.
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Don't go swimming in the pond.
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It's too small.
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And this pond is a little dirty, right?
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You shouldn't go swimming in a pond, right?
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Better to go swimming in a lake.
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It's bigger, maybe cleaner.
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I hope so so.
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But ponds are smaller.
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Puddle, it's the smallest.
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Puddle, then dalme, pond, then the biggest, well bigger is lake, then sea, then ocean.
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So many different words to describe areas of water.
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We're talking about a pond here, a pond.
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Twelve, wow, look at these.
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These are nice rocks.
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What do we call these?
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What's another word that means the same thing as a rock?
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We can say a stone.
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Now of course rocks and stones have many different shapes.
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This is just one shape.
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These stones, these rocks are very smooth and flat.
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I really like to find these rocks,
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especially when I'm near a pond because you can throw the rock and it jumps on the water, right?
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We call that to skip.
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Skip.
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Can you skip stones, right?
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And we can say skipping stones, right?
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They're skipping stones.
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These are good skipping stones.
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You take them, you throw them on the water, it hits, bounces, it skips.
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One, two, three, four, five?
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Wow, that's great.
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If you can make a stone skip five times, that's a really good throw, right?
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That's a really good throw.
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Usually maybe two or three times.
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Okay, let's continue.
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Three, what is this here?
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This is a deep, a deep round dish.
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There are many kinds of dishes.
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Sometimes you have a dish for your coffee.
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That's just a small dish.
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A bigger dish, you put your food on it, you eat off it, that's a plate.
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But if you have soup or stew, like ramyun, you want to put it inside this.
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Don't put ramyun on a plate.
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It'll go everywhere.
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A plate is flat.
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You want to put ramyun into this kind of dish, which is called a bowl.
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So put your soup, your stew, your ramyun into a bowl.
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We saw this before, a tool used to cut things.
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When we talked about sharp, we saw another example.
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Of course this is a knife.
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Be careful about the spelling.
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It's not knife, it's knife.
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The K is silent.
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Don't say the K.
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just knife, but we spell it with a K, knife.
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English is crazy, I'm sorry.
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Okay, 15.
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Oh, we saw the other part, right?
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When we talked about this, right?
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We talked about this part already.
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This, I'm not a good artist, I'm sorry.
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This is the arrow, right?
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Arrow, a a weapon for shooting arrows.
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But now we're talking about this part, right?
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What do we call this?
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We call it a bow.
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Bow, b, b, b, b, and o, o, bow, bow.
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In fact, it's very common to say bow and arrows.
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That expression or that phrase is very, oh sorry, no s, Just bow and, because you only use one bow,
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you don't use many, bow and arrows.
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But we say S because you have many arrows, right?
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You shoot them.
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So bow and arrows are bow and arrow, right?
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So that's a very common expression because these two things go together.
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If you just have a bow, no arrow, what are you going to do?
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Hit somebody, right?
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No, you need the arrow to go with the bow.
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Bow and arrow.
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It's the whole set.
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Okay, number 16.
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Smooth and even.
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That's a nice picture, right?
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We can say it's flat.
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And of course, we can say about this computer monitor or TV screen, many people will call them flat screens, right?
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A flat screen, because why?
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A long time ago, well not a long time ago, maybe for you a long time ago, not so long for me, televisions were very fat.
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But now with new technology, televisions aren't fat anymore, they're not deep, they're flat, they're very skinny.
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But instead of saying skinny television, we say flat television or flat screen.
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It's a flat screen.
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So smooth and even, it's flat.
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Okay, those are our words.
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Let's take a look at the exercises for the words.
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Here, we want to complete each sentence with a word from the box.
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So we have many sentences.
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We have to complete the sentence with a word from the box.
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Let's review our words.
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First we have arrowhead.
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Arrowhead.
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Next one, useful.
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Useful.
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Next is sharp, sharp.
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Next is tool, tool.
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Hammer, hammer.
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Famous, famous.
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Statue, statue.
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And chisel, chisel.
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Okay, let's see how these words fit into the sentences.
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Number one, a beep is a rock shaped like a person.
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Remember we saw that rock, many people were looking at it, it was very old, she didn't have pants on, I made a joke about that.
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What is it?
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What kind of rock is shaped like a person out of these words?
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Well here we look around, we see the answer right there.
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A statue is a rock shaped like a person.
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And remember, it takes a very good artist to shape a rock like a person.
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Number two, be careful.
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Jo Shimeo, right? Be careful.
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The knife is, ooh, what is it?
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If the knife is this, it can cut your skin very easily.
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So be careful.
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The knife is what?
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The knife is sharp.
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By the way, it's interesting, the opposite, pandero, of sharp would be what? what?
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We say it would be dull.
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Okay, so a knife can be dull, that means it won't cut your skin very easily or it won't cut tomatoes, it won't cut meat.
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If you're trying to cut meat with a knife it doesn't cut, this knife is dull.
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So you need to sharpen it, you can sharpen a knife, make it sharp, but be careful the knife is sharp,
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it can cut meat but it can also cut your skin very easily.
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Okay Number three, a stone knife is a stone knife.
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That means a stone that you use as a knife.
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So if you're using a rock or a stone as a knife, what is it?
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It's not a stone or rock anymore.
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It becomes what?
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What are you using it as?
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You're using it as a tool.
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A stone knife is a tool.
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So a knife made of stone or a rock that you use to cut something, that is now not just a rock or a stone, it's now a tool.
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So a tool is something that you use to get something done.
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Okay, next one.
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Four, you are beep if everyone knows you.
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So everybody knows your name.
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Everybody knows you, that means you are what?
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Okay, you are of course famous.
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You are famous if everyone knows you.
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Okay, number five.
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Number five starts off, watch out.
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Watch out is like Joe Shemhale.
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Before we saw, be careful, right?
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Be careful, watch out, they mean the same thing.
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But watch out with an exclamation mark means it's more urgent.
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Bali, watch out.
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Bali, Joshimeo, right?
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If you say, be careful with this knife, that means later on, be careful.
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But if you say, watch out, that means chigam, watch out.
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Right now, be careful, something's happening.
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Something's falling, watch out.
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A car is moving, watch out.
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So watch out is like Joe Shimheo, but right now.
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So watch out, that beep is sharp.
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What can be sharp here?
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Well there's a couple of things that can be sharp, but probably we're looking at maybe this one over here, arrowhead.
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That arrowhead is sharp.
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Watch out!
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Be careful if you're going to shoot the bow because that arrowhead is sharp. Be careful.
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Number 6.
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Rocks can be used for many things.
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We can use rocks used for many things.
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If If something can be used for many things, we can use it for many different things that we want to do,
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we can say it is useful.
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Rocks are useful.
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They can be used for many different things.
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Number seven, hit the nail with the what?
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You want to hit the nail with the what do you use with a nail?
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Of course, you use a hammer with a nail.
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Hit the nail with the hammer.
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Don't hit the thumb with the hammer.
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Hit the nail with the hammer.
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Be careful, Jo Shem Hale.
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Watch out if you're using a hammer.
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Don't hit your thumb.
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Hit the nail.
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Hit the nail with the hammer.
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Eight, a beep is a tool for shaping rocks.
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We talked about that.
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We use a hammer and you tick, tick, tick, tick, tick.
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This is the tool that we use to shape the rock, right?
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We use a hammer and we shape the rock that way.
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What do we use with a hammer for shaping rocks?
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We use a chisel.
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We use a chisel to shape rocks.
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Okay, well that wraps up the vocabulary section of the lecture.
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Let's take a short break.
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come back and we'll look at a reading passage of how rocks are used.
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Don't go away.
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Hello and welcome back.
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Let's go over the reading passage for Let's Use a Rock.
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How are rocks used?
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Let's take a look.
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What do you do with the rocks you find?
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So this is a question.
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What do you do with the rocks you find?
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When you're walking around outside, oh there's a rock, there's another rock.
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What do you do with them?
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Well, maybe, probably.
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You probably throw them into a pond or leave them on the ground.
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Usually people do two things.
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One, throw them into a pond.
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Before I was talking about the rocks that you use to skip, skipping stones.
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If you find a skipping stone, maybe you throw it into the pond, right?
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And it goes into the pond.
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Or most people just, that's a rock, it's on the ground, it's dirty, right?
408
Not that's hot, but that's dirty, right?
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So that would be dirty, leave them on the ground, leave them there, don't pick them up.
410
So either you throw them or you leave them on the ground.
411
Today, these days, rocks are not very useful to us.
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We don't have much use for rocks.
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We don't need rocks.
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Most people don't have rocks in their house.
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But a long time ago, a long time ago, they were very important.
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A long time ago, people didn't have stores.
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You couldn't go and buy tools.
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A long time ago, the only things around were rocks.
419
People long ago made tools with rocks.
420
So they used those rocks for tools.
421
They didn't leave them on the ground.
422
We call tools made of rock stone tools.
423
Of course, it's interesting to notice this time period is called the Stone Age,
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the Stone Age because human beings used stones.
425
Today we live in the Information Age because we exchange information is our very important tool for us,
426
but a long, long time ago rocks were important to people, that's what they used for tools, that was the stone age.
427
So lots of tools can be made using rocks, did you know that?
428
We don't use rocks anymore so we forget about this, but lots of tools can be made using rocks.
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For example, hammers, bowls and even knives, did you know that?
430
Rocks can be used for many things.
431
We can use them as hammers.
432
We can shape them to make bowls out of them, to hold water and things like that.
433
We can even, with some sharp rocks like this one, we can use it as a knife to cut things.
434
People made knives by hitting two rocks together until one was flat and sharp.
435
So people did this.
436
How did they do it?
437
By-ing.
438
How do you do something?
439
If you answer the question, how do they do it?
440
You can use by plus verb-ing.
441
People made knives.
442
How? By hitting.
443
By hitting two rocks together, right?
444
One rock will break and one will become flat and sharp.
445
Like I said, this rock here, right?
446
If you hit two rocks together, maybe it will break and you'll get a nice sharp edge on the rock and you can cut with that.
447
So that's how they made knives.
448
Not very easy to live using rocks and not very convenient, but that's what people did a long,
449
long time ago in the Stone Age.
450
So, hunters used rocks too.
451
Hunters, right?
452
Long time ago, you can't go to the store and buy some ground beef, right?
453
And some tomatoes and whatever you wanted to eat.
454
People had to hunt.
455
So, hunters used rocks too.
456
Long ago, people hunted with bows and arrows.
457
These Arrows had a sharp rock at the tip.
458
The tip is the end.
459
So we're talking about hunters.
460
A long time ago, people of course were using bows and arrows.
461
These arrows had a sharp rock at the tip of them.
462
Okay?
463
The sharp rock looked like this.
464
Rocks were used as arrowheads.
465
This is an arrowhead.
466
This is also an arrowhead, but it's broken.
467
Without rocks, it would have been much harder for people to hunt animals.
468
It would have been.
469
We use would have been because we're saying imaginary, without rocks.
470
If there were no rocks.
471
If there were no rocks.
472
Yes, there were rocks.
473
But if, imagine, if there were no rocks, it would have been.
474
So we use would have been to talk about a situation that wasn't true in the past.
475
Would have been.
476
It would have been much harder for people to hunt animals.
477
So we're just imagining in this statement,
478
we are saying that with rocks it's easy to hunt animals or easier to hunt animals.
479
But if there were no rocks, it would have been really, really hard.
480
That's what this sentence says.
481
So this sentence is about the fact that rocks were very useful.
482
Next, rocks are also used to create art, right?
483
So we use them as tools, we use them to hunt, but now we can see we can also use them to create art.
484
Have you ever seen a stone statue before?
485
A stone statue like this one?
486
Oh, he's not wearing pants either.
487
Oh, I'm sorry.
488
Okay.
489
Okay, sorry.
490
Okay.
491
Have you ever seen a stone statue before?
492
Have you ever seen one?
493
Did you ever go to a museum and have you seen stone statues?
494
Probably in Chezido you've seen the famous stone statues, right?
495
So these are types of statues.
496
People shape them as art.
497
Stone statues of famous people are all over the world.
498
Okay?
499
All over the world.
500
Of course, this is famous in Italy.
501
In Greece there are many statues.
502
On Chezudo, like I said, do you call those Harubang, right?
503
Harubangan, Chajudo, they're all over the world, everywhere.
504
Using a hammer and chisel, you can make a rock look like a person.
505
Okay, so people who use rocks, hammers and chisels, and they shape rocks to look like things, they're really good artists.
506
Okay, you can make them look like people, like this one here, very amazing.
507
It looks exactly like a person.
508
But this is thousands of years old, very old because rock is very strong.
509
What else can we make with rocks?
510
What else?
511
We can make tools, we can make arrowheads, we can make statues.
512
What else?
513
What other things are there?
514
We can make stone walls, we can make houses, we can make lots of other things.
515
So two examples are stone walls and houses.
516
A house made from a rock.
517
Wow, it's a really strong house.
518
Try to think of some more on your own.
519
So try to think of some other things that people can use rocks for.
520
How can people use rocks as tools or to make different things?
521
That's what the last sentence is asking you.
522
Try to think of some things, other things that are made from rocks.
523
Okay, let's go over the comprehension questions.
524
This story is about what?
525
So the whole story, what were we talking about, right?
526
What are we talking about in the entire story?
527
Are we talking about rare rocks?
528
Be careful, rare means unusual or not very common.
529
Like for example, gold or diamonds, right?
530
We talked about that in another lesson, but those are rare rocks, not very common to find those rocks, very difficult to find those rocks.
531
We're not talking about rare rocks like gold or gems or diamonds in this lesson.
532
We're talking about all rocks, so that's not right.
533
Not rare rocks, just rocks.
534
B, the many uses of rocks.
535
Okay, well B is another way, right?
536
Because we talked about people using rocks for tools, hunters using rocks for arrowheads, artists using rocks for statues,
537
and also other people using rocks for stone walls and homes.
538
So we can see many uses of rocks.
539
That's our right answer.
540
This story is about the many uses of rocks.
541
See this story is about statues?
542
Yeah, we talked about statues but that was just one part of the story, not the whole story.
543
D, stone walls.
544
That was a very, very small part of the story, not the whole story.
545
Remember the whole story is about the many uses of rocks.
546
Stone walls, statues, tools, arrowheads, many uses of rocks.
547
That was the whole passage.
548
Okay, number two.
549
You can make a statue with a beep and beep.
550
So I've talked about this several times now, right?
551
I've used these two instruments to pretend I'm using these two tools to shape rock.
552
What are these two things, right?
553
The tuk-tuk-tuk and the other thing that I use to shape the rock, what are they?
554
What tools are they?
555
Are they a bow and arrow?
556
No. A bow and arrow is like this, right?
557
And you use to hunt animals.
558
Not a bow and arrow.
559
B, a knife and an arrowhead.
560
A knife and an arrowhead.
561
No, how can you use a knife and an arrowhead together?
562
That's not right.
563
That's incorrect.
564
C, a tool and a rock.
565
A tool, be careful because tool means all of these things.
566
A tool is a hammer, it's a saw, it's a ruler, it's pliers, it's many things.
567
And then a rock.
568
That doesn't make sense right?
569
Hammer and chisel.
570
There's the answer right there.
571
Hammer and chisel.
572
You can make a statue with a hammer and chisel.
573
Hammer and chisel are very commonly used together, just like bow and arrow.
574
Bow and arrow, hammer and chisel, because these tools go together.
575
They are used together.
576
But a hammer and a chisel are used to make a statue.
577
So you can make a statue with a hammer and chisel.
578
That's the correct answer.
579
Let's go on to number three.
580
Knives.
581
Knives used to be.
582
Used to be means a long time ago.
583
Not now, but before.
584
A long time ago or before now.
585
Knives used to be made by hitting two rocks together until one was beep and sharp.
586
We talked about that.
587
A long time ago people used rocks, they hit the rocks together until one rock was what and sharp?
588
Rough and sharp?
589
No, we didn't say rough. and sharp?
590
Well, when you hit a rock and it breaks it does become smaller, but that's not what the passage said specifically.
591
The passage specifically said you hit two rocks together until one becomes flat.
592
That's C.
593
C is the right answer and sharp, but not harmful.
594
Harmful, that doesn't fit in this sentence.
595
So the right answer is C.
596
Knives used to be made by hitting two rocks together until one was flat and sharp?
597
That's the answer.
598
Okay, flat and sharp.
599
Four, beep, were used as arrowheads.
600
What was used as arrowheads?
601
What were used as arrowheads?
602
So we have many different choices here.
603
A, we have sharp rocks.
604
sharp rocks, a rock that can cut easily, a sharp rock.
605
That sounds right, doesn't it?
606
It is a sharp rock.
607
Sharp rocks were used as arrowheads.
608
They had to be sharp to go inside the animal's skin, to cut the animal's skin.
609
Let's just look at B, expensive rocks.
610
No, you don't want to use expensive rocks on your arrowhead because then it's gone and it's expensive.
611
You don't want to do that, so that's not right.
612
B, big rocks.
613
No, imagine .
614
If you used a big rock, your arrow is not going to go anywhere.
615
Smaller rocks were used.
616
So not big rocks, that's funny, that's silly.
617
Soft rocks.
618
It's like you shoot your arrow, it bounces off the animal.
619
It's too soft, right?
620
So that's not correct either.
621
The best answer of course that we're looking for is sharp rocks.
622
Sharp rocks were used as arrowheads.
623
That's the best answer.
624
Now we have many rocks here.
625
We have a lot of different rocks.
626
What can we review?
627
What can we say about rocks?
628
Well, first of all, people long ago made tools with rocks.
629
Nowadays, these days, we don't use rocks that much.
630
Maybe we use rocks to throw into ponds or we just leave them.
631
Well, that's a rock, you just leave it there.
632
But a long time ago, people made tools with rocks.
633
Rocks were very important and there's a lot of different tools that people made with rocks.
634
What else can we say?
635
Hunters used rocks.
636
Those are some of the people who used rocks.
637
Also, rocks are used to create art.
638
So these are kind of three things we can say about rocks.
639
One, that people made tools with rocks.
640
Hunters made arrowheads from rocks.
641
They used rocks to make arrowheads.
642
And three, rocks are used to create art, statues.
643
Artists would use a hammer and chisel to shape the rock and usually make those rocks look like people.
644
And that was art, really amazing art.
645
Okay, well that wraps up this lesson.
646
I hope you've learned a lot of interesting things about rocks.
647
Next time you're taking a walk and you see a rock, maybe, of course, you're going to leave it there.
648
Your mom will be angry if you bring it home.
649
But think about all the things that rocks were used for a long time ago.
650
Okay, we'll see you next time.
651
Take care.
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本片段的口语练习目标
这段视频非常适合想要提升英语口语练习流畅度的学习者，尤其是针对“描述物品用途”这一实用场景。通过学习如何用简单句说明岩石工具的功能，你能掌握清晰表达事物用途的基本结构，为雅思口语练习中的“物品描述”类话题打下基础。同时，视频中的慢速对话也很适合用来练习英语影子跟读（shadow speak），帮助你同步提升发音和语流节奏。
实用短语库
- “be used for + 动作”：表示“被用来做某事”，如“The hammer is used for hitting nails.”（锤子被用来钉钉子。）
- “long ago”：很久以前，可替换“a long time ago”，让表达更简洁。
- “the sharp end of...”：某物的尖端，如“the sharp end of an arrow”（箭头的尖端）。
- “put it together”：组合起来，在记忆复合词时很实用，如“arrow + head = arrowhead”（箭头）。
突破发音与节奏难点
视频中“arrowhead”和“hammer”这两个词的发音需要特别注意。“arrowhead”的重音在第一个音节“ar-”，不要读成“ar-row-HEAD”；“hammer”的尾音“-mer”要轻读，避免发成“ham-MER”。练习时可以采用shadowspeak技巧，即跟着视频逐句跟读，模仿讲师的语调起伏和停顿节奏。比如在说“People long ago made tools with rocks because they didn't have metal.”时，注意“because”后的轻微停顿，这样能让你的口语听起来更自然。通过反复跟读，你会逐渐掌握英语表达的韵律感，提升整体口语水平。
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| “used to” used to + 动词 — 过去的习惯或状态，现在已不再如此 | used to be |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is called · is known · was made |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | Have you thrown · Have you ever seen · have you seen |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | person who made · dish, which is · people who use |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。