跟读练习: Provision LEMP with Ansible on a Raspberry Pi Cluster (Pi Dramble #4) - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Welcome to the Raspberry Pi Dramble cluster video series.
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In this video, I'm going to show you how you can use Ansible to install all the software
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that you need onto this Raspberry Pi cluster so that you can run a Drupal 8 website on it.
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The first step after setting up all the networking is to make sure
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that your computer and Ansible can communicate with all the Raspberry Pis using the IP addresses that we had set up.
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So the first thing that I'm going to do is I'm going to make sure
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that I can ping all the servers from Ansible.
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And what this command is doing is saying look at all the servers in the inventory file
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that I specified and run the ping module which basically pings the server and checks and makes sure it can connect.
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And in this case it's saying that it can connect to all of them so that's good.
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I'll show you the inventory file really quick.
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Note that this one's a little more complicated than the one that I showed you in the networking video.
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This one shows you that I've split up the the different servers by the balancer, which is this one on the top, and then the web servers,
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which is these two, the second and third Raspberry Pis, and then the database servers, which is the last two, the master and then the slave or the replica.
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So once I've set up that inventory file and made sure that I can communicate with the servers,
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I'm ready to run the Ansible playbook that'll deploy all the software that's needed.
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So I'm going to go to the Provision the Raspberry Pi page here
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and it gives me two commands I need to run.
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First I need to make sure that I install all the Ansible Galaxy requirements.
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So I run this command, I already did that, and I also need to make sure
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that I have a config.yaml file which has all the specific settings for my cluster.
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So I've already copied this example.config.yaml file over to config.yaml, and I've tweaked a few settings to my likings.
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Once that's done, I can run this ansible playbook command, which is going to run a bunch of different task lists
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that will install all the software that you need on all the Raspberry Pis.
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One of the cool things about using ansible is, since I've already told it about all the servers that I have, I can run commands like this,
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which will check how much RAM is free on each of the Raspberry Pis using the free command.
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Once I've described everything to Ansible, then Ansible can do everything for me instead of me having to log in to each of the servers.
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If you want to find out more about how to use Ansible this way, and why you'd want to use Ansible,
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I have another video that I'll link called Ansible one-on-one on a cluster of Raspberry Pis.
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I also wrote a book on it, Ansible for DevOps, if you're interested in diving deeper.
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But for now I'm going to take this command and let it run.
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While it's running I'll kind of briefly explain what it's doing
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and then I'll let it run while the video is sped up since it takes a while to run.
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So first of all it's calling this main.yaml file.
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This file includes three different files, one file that runs on the balancer, one file that runs on the database servers, and one file that runs on the web servers.
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So let's take a quick look at the database playbook.
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If I look here, it loads some variables from these different files.
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It makes sure that there's a certain piece of software installed on the Raspberry Pi, the sudo package.
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Then it will set up a firewall, it sets up some security settings, it installs and configures MySQL for the database server,
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and it also installs Munin node which is software used to monitor the server.
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And then there's also some scripts in a custom role I have
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that installs a few scripts to control the LEDs on the front.
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notice that the LEDs right now are all turned off, but through the course of this playbook, LEDs will start turning on,
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like this one just turned on as the configuration for the balancer just finished.
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So I have some scripts that will control the LEDs from software
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and I'll show you how those are used at the end of the playbook run.
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Now that everything's finished, you'll notice that the LEDs in all the Pies, except for the two web servers at this point, are turned on and green.
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That means that they're ready to go and that I could install Drupal on them next.
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Before I get to that though,
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I'll show you how the balancer is actually balancing the request to these other two servers by loading the site www.pydramble.com,
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which is what I've configured in my config.yaml file.
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If I go here, it's actually going to send a request to this first server, and the first server is going to balance that request to one of the other two servers.
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So if I hit enter, you'll see that there is a red and a red on this one, and if I refresh the page, it's actually going to send the request to this server.
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And you'll see that every time I send a request, it always goes to the load balancer,
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and then the balancer sends the requests alternately to one of these two servers.
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So at this point it's saying file not found
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which basically means I don't have Drupal installed on the Pi Dramble cluster yet.
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Thank you.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“Provision LEMP with Ansible on a Raspberry Pi Cluster”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：server, file, ansible, Raspberry, install。 这段视频共有 58 个句子、974 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:41。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 172 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 76% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 11 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| cluster 名词 | /ˈklʌstɚ/ | 串, 叢 /丛 |
| ping 动词 | /pɪŋ/ | ping |
| configure 动词 | /kənˈfɪɡə(ɹ)/ | 配置, 設定 /设定 |
| firewall 名词 | /ˈfaɪ(ə)ɹˌwɔl/ | 防火牆 /防火墙 |
| refresh 动词 | /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/ | 提神 |
| replica 名词 | /ˈɹɛplɪkə/ | 複製品 /复制品, 仿製品 /仿制品 |
| deploy 动词 | /dɪˈplɔɪ/ | 部署 |
| node 名词 | /noʊd/ | 結節 /结节 |
| module 名词 | /ˈmɑd͡ʒul/ | 模塊 /模块 |
| configuration 名词 | /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/ | 編排 /编排, 配置 |
| liking 名词 | /ˈlaɪkɪŋ/ | 愛好 /爱好, 趣味 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| find out 动词 | 找出, 查明 |
| turn off 动词 | 關 /关, 關掉 /关掉 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | I've split · I've set · I've already copied |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | balancer, which is · servers, which is · file which has |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is sped · are turned |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 27 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 I've, I'll, I'm。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: refresh /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/, configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: alternately /ˈɔl.tɚ.nət.li/, configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: playbook /ˈpleɪ.bʊk/, config /ˌkənˈfɪɡ/, refresh /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/, node /noʊd/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: firewall /ˈfaɪ(ə)ɹˌwɔl/, replica /ˈɹɛplɪkə/
- /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: ansible /ˈæn.sɪ.bəl/, balancer /ˈbæ.lən.sɚ/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 cluster, ping, configure 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。