シャドーイング練習: Provision LEMP with Ansible on a Raspberry Pi Cluster (Pi Dramble #4) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Welcome to the Raspberry Pi Dramble cluster video series.
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In this video, I'm going to show you how you can use Ansible to install all the software
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that you need onto this Raspberry Pi cluster so that you can run a Drupal 8 website on it.
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The first step after setting up all the networking is to make sure
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that your computer and Ansible can communicate with all the Raspberry Pis using the IP addresses that we had set up.
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So the first thing that I'm going to do is I'm going to make sure
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that I can ping all the servers from Ansible.
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And what this command is doing is saying look at all the servers in the inventory file
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that I specified and run the ping module which basically pings the server and checks and makes sure it can connect.
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And in this case it's saying that it can connect to all of them so that's good.
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I'll show you the inventory file really quick.
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Note that this one's a little more complicated than the one that I showed you in the networking video.
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This one shows you that I've split up the the different servers by the balancer, which is this one on the top, and then the web servers,
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which is these two, the second and third Raspberry Pis, and then the database servers, which is the last two, the master and then the slave or the replica.
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So once I've set up that inventory file and made sure that I can communicate with the servers,
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I'm ready to run the Ansible playbook that'll deploy all the software that's needed.
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So I'm going to go to the Provision the Raspberry Pi page here
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and it gives me two commands I need to run.
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First I need to make sure that I install all the Ansible Galaxy requirements.
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So I run this command, I already did that, and I also need to make sure
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that I have a config.yaml file which has all the specific settings for my cluster.
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So I've already copied this example.config.yaml file over to config.yaml, and I've tweaked a few settings to my likings.
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Once that's done, I can run this ansible playbook command, which is going to run a bunch of different task lists
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that will install all the software that you need on all the Raspberry Pis.
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One of the cool things about using ansible is, since I've already told it about all the servers that I have, I can run commands like this,
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which will check how much RAM is free on each of the Raspberry Pis using the free command.
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Once I've described everything to Ansible, then Ansible can do everything for me instead of me having to log in to each of the servers.
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If you want to find out more about how to use Ansible this way, and why you'd want to use Ansible,
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I have another video that I'll link called Ansible one-on-one on a cluster of Raspberry Pis.
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I also wrote a book on it, Ansible for DevOps, if you're interested in diving deeper.
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But for now I'm going to take this command and let it run.
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While it's running I'll kind of briefly explain what it's doing
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and then I'll let it run while the video is sped up since it takes a while to run.
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So first of all it's calling this main.yaml file.
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This file includes three different files, one file that runs on the balancer, one file that runs on the database servers, and one file that runs on the web servers.
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So let's take a quick look at the database playbook.
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If I look here, it loads some variables from these different files.
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It makes sure that there's a certain piece of software installed on the Raspberry Pi, the sudo package.
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Then it will set up a firewall, it sets up some security settings, it installs and configures MySQL for the database server,
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and it also installs Munin node which is software used to monitor the server.
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And then there's also some scripts in a custom role I have
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that installs a few scripts to control the LEDs on the front.
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notice that the LEDs right now are all turned off, but through the course of this playbook, LEDs will start turning on,
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like this one just turned on as the configuration for the balancer just finished.
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So I have some scripts that will control the LEDs from software
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and I'll show you how those are used at the end of the playbook run.
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Now that everything's finished, you'll notice that the LEDs in all the Pies, except for the two web servers at this point, are turned on and green.
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That means that they're ready to go and that I could install Drupal on them next.
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Before I get to that though,
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I'll show you how the balancer is actually balancing the request to these other two servers by loading the site www.pydramble.com,
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which is what I've configured in my config.yaml file.
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If I go here, it's actually going to send a request to this first server, and the first server is going to balance that request to one of the other two servers.
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So if I hit enter, you'll see that there is a red and a red on this one, and if I refresh the page, it's actually going to send the request to this server.
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And you'll see that every time I send a request, it always goes to the load balancer,
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and then the balancer sends the requests alternately to one of these two servers.
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So at this point it's saying file not found
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which basically means I don't have Drupal installed on the Pi Dramble cluster yet.
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Thank you.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このC1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Provision LEMP with Ansible on a Raspberry Pi Cluster」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：server, file, ansible, Raspberry, install。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が58文、単語が974語あります。 音声の長さは5:41です。 話す速さは1分あたり約172語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は76%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語10語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| configure 動詞 | /kənˈfɪɡə(ɹ)/ | 設定する |
| alternately 副詞 | /ˈɔl.tɚ.nət.li/ | かわるがわるに, 交互に |
| firewall 名詞 | /ˈfaɪ(ə)ɹˌwɔl/ | 防火壁 |
| refresh 動詞 | /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/ | 爽やかにする |
| replica 名詞 | /ˈɹɛplɪkə/ | 複製, 写し |
| deploy 動詞 | /dɪˈplɔɪ/ | 配置する |
| node 名詞 | /noʊd/ | 結節 |
| module 名詞 | /ˈmɑd͡ʒul/ | モジュール |
| configuration 名詞 | /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/ | 構成, 配置 |
| liking 名詞 | /ˈlaɪkɪŋ/ | 好み |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| find out 動詞 | 見出す, 調べる |
| turn off 動詞 | 消す, 切る |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | I've split · I've set · I've already copied |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | balancer, which is · servers, which is · file which has |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is sped · are turned |
注意したい発音
話し手はI've, I'll, I'mなど、短縮形や弱形を27回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: refresh /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/, configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: alternately /ˈɔl.tɚ.nət.li/, configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: firewall /ˈfaɪ(ə)ɹˌwɔl/, replica /ˈɹɛplɪkə/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: config /ˌkənˈfɪɡ/, configure /kənˈfɪɡə(ɹ)/, firewall /ˈfaɪ(ə)ɹˌwɔl/, refresh /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/, specify /ˈspɛs.əˌfaɪ/
- 子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: playbook /ˈpleɪ.bʊk/, cluster /ˈklʌstɚ/, specify /ˈspɛs.əˌfaɪ/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。configure, alternately, firewallなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。