跟读练习: Sometimes size does matter #stem #map #perception - 通过视频学习英语口语
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18 句
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1
This is the new world map, and only one nation voted against it.
2
Most people have known that the current map, the Mercator, is not to scale.
3
It was designed in the 1500s by Gerardus Mercator to help European sailors navigate the world.
4
That's why Europe is in the middle, and Africa, which is about 14 times bigger than Greenland, looks about the same size.
5
Now, to be fair, squeezing a 3D shape onto a 2D surface does require sacrifices regardless.
6
If you pulled the sticker off a globe and tried to lay it flat on a table, there would be a lot of gaps.
7
The Mercator map was designed to preserve angles and shapes, which helped sailors plot a course, for example, in a straight line with a compass.
8
If you stretch some of these nations, then the distance of travel isn't as accurate.
9
Basically, either the nations are true to size or true to shape.
10
You can't have both.
11
But we don't travel like this anymore.
12
So in 2018, a group of cartographers created what they call the Equal Earth Projection.
13
But it wasn't until a vote yesterday that the UN approved it.
14
164 nations voted in support, six were abstained, but only one voted against it.
15
The US's argument was that we should focus on other things, and implementing it will be hard.
16
Correcting the map is important because it shapes people's perceptions of the world.
17
Spatially speaking, we could use this map, or this one, or this one where China's in the middle.
18
But we don't, because deep down we know that perception matters.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Sometimes size does matter”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：map, shape, nation, Mercator, voted。 这段视频共有 18 个句子、265 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 1:14。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 215 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 84% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 8 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| sailor 名词 | /ˈseɪ.lɚ/ | 水手, 海員 /海员 |
| perception 名词 | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | 知覺 /知觉, 感知 |
| abstain 动词 | /əbˈsteɪn/ | 避免, 戒除 |
| sticker 名词 | /ˈstɪkə/ | 貼紙 /贴纸 |
| compass 名词 | /ˈkʌmpəs/ | 指南針 /指南针, 指北針 /指北针 |
| squeeze 动词 | /skwiːz/ | 壓榨, 擠壓 /挤压 |
| approve 动词 | /əˈpɹuːv/ | 批准, 贊成 /赞成 |
| implement 动词 | /ˈɪmpləmənt/ | 實施 /实施, 執行 /执行 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | was designed · were abstained |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | have known |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | Africa, which is |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 5 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, can't, isn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: navigate /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: navigate /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/, compass /ˈkʌmpəs/, squeeze /skwiːz/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 sailor, perception, abstain 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。