跟讀練習: Sometimes size does matter #stem #map #perception - 通過影片學習英語口語
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18 句
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1
This is the new world map, and only one nation voted against it.
2
Most people have known that the current map, the Mercator, is not to scale.
3
It was designed in the 1500s by Gerardus Mercator to help European sailors navigate the world.
4
That's why Europe is in the middle, and Africa, which is about 14 times bigger than Greenland, looks about the same size.
5
Now, to be fair, squeezing a 3D shape onto a 2D surface does require sacrifices regardless.
6
If you pulled the sticker off a globe and tried to lay it flat on a table, there would be a lot of gaps.
7
The Mercator map was designed to preserve angles and shapes, which helped sailors plot a course, for example, in a straight line with a compass.
8
If you stretch some of these nations, then the distance of travel isn't as accurate.
9
Basically, either the nations are true to size or true to shape.
10
You can't have both.
11
But we don't travel like this anymore.
12
So in 2018, a group of cartographers created what they call the Equal Earth Projection.
13
But it wasn't until a vote yesterday that the UN approved it.
14
164 nations voted in support, six were abstained, but only one voted against it.
15
The US's argument was that we should focus on other things, and implementing it will be hard.
16
Correcting the map is important because it shapes people's perceptions of the world.
17
Spatially speaking, we could use this map, or this one, or this one where China's in the middle.
18
But we don't, because deep down we know that perception matters.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“Sometimes size does matter”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：map, shape, nation, Mercator, voted。 這段影片共有 18 個句子、265 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 1:14。 說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 215 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 84% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 8 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| sailor 名詞 | /ˈseɪ.lɚ/ | 水手, 海員 /海員 |
| perception 名詞 | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | 知覺 /知覺, 感知 |
| abstain 動詞 | /əbˈsteɪn/ | 避免, 戒除 |
| sticker 名詞 | /ˈstɪkə/ | 貼紙 /貼紙 |
| compass 名詞 | /ˈkʌmpəs/ | 指南針 /指南針, 指北針 /指北針 |
| squeeze 動詞 | /skwiːz/ | 壓榨, 擠壓 /擠壓 |
| approve 動詞 | /əˈpɹuːv/ | 批准, 贊成 /贊成 |
| implement 動詞 | /ˈɪmpləmənt/ | 實施 /實施, 執行 /執行 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | was designed · were abstained |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have known |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | Africa, which is |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 5 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, can't, isn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: navigate /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: navigate /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/, compass /ˈkʌmpəs/, squeeze /skwiːz/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 sailor, perception, abstain 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。