跟读练习: 'The Picture of Dorian Gray': An Introduction - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Hello everyone.
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The following presentation is an introduction to Oscar Wilde's novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray,
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as part of the Gray 12 English Home Language Syllabus.
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The information in this presentation is not examinable, but it is important for your understanding of the context of the novel.
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I would also like to note that there are various film adaptions of the novel.
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However, the film versions are significantly different to the novel.
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It is advisable that you do not substitute your reading and studying of the novel with merely watching the films.
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You might land up confusing characters and events that do not actually occur in the novel.
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The picture of Dorian Gray takes place during the Victorian era.
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The Victorian age covered the period of Queen Victoria's reign over the years 1837 to 1901.
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During this period, Britain was the most powerful empire across the whole world, economically and in terms of its military.
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During the Victorian era, many medical and scientific breakthroughs occurred.
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This was also the period of the Industrial Revolution.
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During the Industrial Revolution, a move from an agricultural society to a more urban society took place.
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During the Victorian era, many changes in social and economic aspects of society took place.
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One of the main characteristics of the time was the rigid class structure in society.
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Society during the Victorian era comprised of three distinct classes.
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Firstly, the working class.
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The working class were made up of people who earned their living through physical labour.
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Secondly, the middle class.
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These people were mostly bankers and office workers.
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Lastly, the upper class who were so wealthy they did not have to work in order to earn a living.
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Their wealth came from investments and inheritance.
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The working class during the Victorian era experienced very poor living and working conditions.
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In the novel we learn that the working class live on the east side of London.
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Their living conditions were often overcrowded and poorly ventilated.
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There were no sewage or drainage systems in their homes, meaning that living conditions were also unhygienic.
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Unlike the middle class, working class workers also included women and children.
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Due to poverty and poor living conditions, most people were malnourished and sickly.
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Unlike the middle and upper class, they did not participate in social entertainment as it was too expensive.
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The working class also had very little opportunity to receive any form of education.
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The middle class only had men providing the income, while women stayed home to raise the children and manage their homes.
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The middle class men consisted of office workers, bankers, shopkeepers, merchants and engineers.
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The middle class had aspirations for upward mobility, meaning that they aspired to be part of the upper class.
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The middle class followed upper class social norms and were very concerned with appearances and perceptions.
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We will learn that the concern for appearances and public perceptions is one of the main themes in the novel.
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As mentioned before, the upper class did not have to work.
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The upper class's extreme wealth came from inherited land or investments.
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The upper class included people from the church and those of nobility.
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In order to create further context, note that during the Victorian era, the following did not exist.
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Cars, which is why horse-drawn carriages are mentioned in the novel.
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Cell phones, ATMs, credit cards,
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television or radio, plastic, computers and aeroplanes.
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Despite not having many things we have today, people of the Victorian era did have banks,
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schools and universities, railways and canal and ocean going ships,
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books and libraries, some form of running water and sanitation but not all classes had it equally,
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trade between many countries around the world and the skills to build multi-story buildings, tunnels and bridges.
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The following is some background to Oscar Wilde, the author of The Picture of Dorian Gray.
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Oscar Wilde was born on the 16th of October 1854.
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His father was a surgeon and his mother was a journalist and poet.
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Wilde studied at Trinity College in Dublin and at Magdalene College in Oxford.
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After he graduated, he moved to London.
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While living in London, Oscar Wilde associated himself with many elite London artists.
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In 1881, he published his first collection of poetry titled Poems.
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Also in 1881, he travelled to the United States of America to deliver a series of lectures on the philosophy of aesthetics.
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The concept of aesthetics is something you need to understand in your studying of this novel.
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What is the concept of aesthetics?
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Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that deals with questions about what is considered beautiful and questions about what is artistically tasteful.
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In the next slide, I would like to note some of the similarities between Victorian society
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and some of the instances and the characters in the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.
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The Victorian era was an era of covers.
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A person's reputation became their primary interest and priority.
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The Victorian era was when the image of the English gentleman was formed.
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An English gentleman is a man who is well-mannered, well-educated and well-dressed.
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As people began to care more about their reputation, a lot of hypocrisy was the result.
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People began to hide their darkest desires and their misdeeds while presenting a respectable face to the public.
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This is exactly what we will encounter with the character of Dorian Gray, as he lands up doing just the same.
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The idea of hiding one's true self from society highlights one of the main themes in the picture of Dorian Gray,
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which is appearance vs reality.
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In the novel, the following themes appear.
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Beauty and youth, appearance vs reality, art, morality or good vs evil, and class relations.
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Keep these themes and what occurrences in the novel illustrate each of these themes in mind.
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This will help you in your answering any potential essay questions.
背景与背景信息
在这段视频中，讲者为奥斯卡·王尔德的小说《道林·格雷的画像》提供了一个介绍，目的是为了帮助学习者更好地理解这部作品的背景。该视频结合了维多利亚时代的历史背景，讲述了当时社会的阶级结构和生活条件。作为学生，了解这些背景信息不仅能帮助你掌握文本的内涵，还能为你的英语学习提供更深的文化视角。特别是对于想要提高英语口语能力的学习者来说，结合历史与文学分析是一种有效的学习方法。
日常交流五大常用短语
- “During the Victorian era” - “维多利亚时代期间”
- “Working class” - “工人阶级”
- “Middle class” - “中产阶级”
- “Upper class” - “上层阶级”
- “Social entertainment” - “社交娱乐”
这些短语在沟通维多利亚时代的社会结构和经济条件时尤其常用，熟练使用这些短语将有助于你的英语口语练习，提高你在日常对话中的流利度。
逐步影子跟读指南
为了有效地提升你的英语发音和口语能力，可以采取以下逐步影子跟读的方法来学习这段视频内容：
- 选择片段：选择视频中的一小段，可能是介绍背景的部分来开始。
- 听力理解：先完整听一遍，理解内容的主要意思，记下重要的关键词。
- 分句跟读：逐句播放视频，尝试模仿讲者的语音语调，注重发音和节奏。
- 反复练习：重复以上步骤，直到能够流利地跟读整段内容为止。
- 录音自检：录下自己的声音，并与视频中的讲者进行对比，找出需要提高的发音部分。
通过这样的英语影子跟读方法，学习者可以有效提高自身的发音和口语表达能力，逐步克服交流中的障碍。无论是为了提升社交能力还是学术能力，这种练习方法都能为你打开新的视野，助你在英语学习的道路上更进一步。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。