Shadowing Practice: 'The Picture of Dorian Gray': An Introduction - Learn English Speaking with Video
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73 משפטים
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Hello everyone.
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The following presentation is an introduction to Oscar Wilde's novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray,
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as part of the Gray 12 English Home Language Syllabus.
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The information in this presentation is not examinable, but it is important for your understanding of the context of the novel.
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I would also like to note that there are various film adaptions of the novel.
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However, the film versions are significantly different to the novel.
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It is advisable that you do not substitute your reading and studying of the novel with merely watching the films.
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You might land up confusing characters and events that do not actually occur in the novel.
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The picture of Dorian Gray takes place during the Victorian era.
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The Victorian age covered the period of Queen Victoria's reign over the years 1837 to 1901.
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During this period, Britain was the most powerful empire across the whole world, economically and in terms of its military.
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During the Victorian era, many medical and scientific breakthroughs occurred.
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This was also the period of the Industrial Revolution.
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During the Industrial Revolution, a move from an agricultural society to a more urban society took place.
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During the Victorian era, many changes in social and economic aspects of society took place.
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One of the main characteristics of the time was the rigid class structure in society.
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Society during the Victorian era comprised of three distinct classes.
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Firstly, the working class.
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The working class were made up of people who earned their living through physical labour.
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Secondly, the middle class.
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These people were mostly bankers and office workers.
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Lastly, the upper class who were so wealthy they did not have to work in order to earn a living.
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Their wealth came from investments and inheritance.
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The working class during the Victorian era experienced very poor living and working conditions.
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In the novel we learn that the working class live on the east side of London.
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Their living conditions were often overcrowded and poorly ventilated.
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There were no sewage or drainage systems in their homes, meaning that living conditions were also unhygienic.
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Unlike the middle class, working class workers also included women and children.
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Due to poverty and poor living conditions, most people were malnourished and sickly.
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Unlike the middle and upper class, they did not participate in social entertainment as it was too expensive.
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The working class also had very little opportunity to receive any form of education.
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The middle class only had men providing the income, while women stayed home to raise the children and manage their homes.
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The middle class men consisted of office workers, bankers, shopkeepers, merchants and engineers.
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The middle class had aspirations for upward mobility, meaning that they aspired to be part of the upper class.
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The middle class followed upper class social norms and were very concerned with appearances and perceptions.
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We will learn that the concern for appearances and public perceptions is one of the main themes in the novel.
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As mentioned before, the upper class did not have to work.
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The upper class's extreme wealth came from inherited land or investments.
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The upper class included people from the church and those of nobility.
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In order to create further context, note that during the Victorian era, the following did not exist.
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Cars, which is why horse-drawn carriages are mentioned in the novel.
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Cell phones, ATMs, credit cards,
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television or radio, plastic, computers and aeroplanes.
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Despite not having many things we have today, people of the Victorian era did have banks,
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schools and universities, railways and canal and ocean going ships,
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books and libraries, some form of running water and sanitation but not all classes had it equally,
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trade between many countries around the world and the skills to build multi-story buildings, tunnels and bridges.
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The following is some background to Oscar Wilde, the author of The Picture of Dorian Gray.
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Oscar Wilde was born on the 16th of October 1854.
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His father was a surgeon and his mother was a journalist and poet.
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Wilde studied at Trinity College in Dublin and at Magdalene College in Oxford.
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After he graduated, he moved to London.
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While living in London, Oscar Wilde associated himself with many elite London artists.
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In 1881, he published his first collection of poetry titled Poems.
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Also in 1881, he travelled to the United States of America to deliver a series of lectures on the philosophy of aesthetics.
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The concept of aesthetics is something you need to understand in your studying of this novel.
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What is the concept of aesthetics?
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Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that deals with questions about what is considered beautiful and questions about what is artistically tasteful.
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In the next slide, I would like to note some of the similarities between Victorian society
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and some of the instances and the characters in the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.
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The Victorian era was an era of covers.
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A person's reputation became their primary interest and priority.
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The Victorian era was when the image of the English gentleman was formed.
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An English gentleman is a man who is well-mannered, well-educated and well-dressed.
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As people began to care more about their reputation, a lot of hypocrisy was the result.
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People began to hide their darkest desires and their misdeeds while presenting a respectable face to the public.
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This is exactly what we will encounter with the character of Dorian Gray, as he lands up doing just the same.
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The idea of hiding one's true self from society highlights one of the main themes in the picture of Dorian Gray,
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which is appearance vs reality.
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In the novel, the following themes appear.
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Beauty and youth, appearance vs reality, art, morality or good vs evil, and class relations.
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Keep these themes and what occurrences in the novel illustrate each of these themes in mind.
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This will help you in your answering any potential essay questions.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B1 מבוסס על הסרטון “'The Picture of Dorian Gray': An Introduction”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: novel, Victorian, era, Gray, upper. בסרטון הזה יש 73 משפטים ו-978 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 8:23. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-117 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. 83% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| aesthetics שם עצם | /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪks/ | אֶסְתֶּטִיקָה |
| banker שם עצם | /ˈbæŋkəː/ | בַּנְקַאי, בנקאית |
| gentleman שם עצם | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.təl.mən/ | גְּבִיר |
| perception שם עצם | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | תפיסה, קליטה |
| aspire פועל | /əˈspaɪɚ/ | שָׁאַף |
| nobility שם עצם | /noʊˈbɪlɪti/ | אצולה |
| shopkeeper שם עצם | /ˈʃɑpkiːpɚ/ | בעל חנות |
| inherit פועל | /ɪnˈhɛɹɪt/ | יָרַשׁ |
| sanitation שם עצם | /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən/ | סניטציה |
| similarity שם עצם | /ˌsɪm.ɪˈlæɹ.ɪ.ti/ | דִּמְיוֹן |
| comprise פועל | /kəmˈpɹaɪz/ | כלל |
| hypocrisy שם עצם | /hɪˈpɑkɹəsi/ | צביעות \ צְבִיעוּת |
| confuse פועל | /kənˈfjuːz/ | בלבל |
| upward תואר הפועל | /ˈʌpwɚd/ | מַעְלָה |
| illustrate פועל | /ˈɪl.əˌstɹeɪt/ | הִמְחִישׁ |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | were made · were often overcrowded · were malnourished |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | people who earned · Cars, which is · man who is |
| שם תואר מובהק (Superlatives) the -est / the most … — לציין את הגבוה או הנמוך ביותר בקבוצה | the most powerful · their darkest |
| עתיד עם “will” will + verb — החלטה, הבטחה או ניבוי לגבי העתיד | will learn · will encounter · will help |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
- הצלילים של “th”: aesthetics /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪks/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, aspiration /ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/, shopkeeper /ˈʃɑpkiːpɚ/, sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: artistically /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɪstɪkli/, aspiration /ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/, nobility /noʊˈbɪlɪti/, sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən/, similarity /ˌsɪm.ɪˈlæɹ.ɪ.ti/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: upward /ˈʌpwɚd/, wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: banker /ˈbæŋkəː/, aspiration /ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/, sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən/, similarity /ˌsɪm.ɪˈlæɹ.ɪ.ti/, lastly /ˈlæstli/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, aeroplane /ˈɛə̯.ɹə.pleɪ̯n/, artistically /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɪstɪkli/, aspiration /ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/, inherit /ɪnˈhɛɹɪt/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו aesthetics, banker, gentleman.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.