跟读练习: The real reason Boeing's new plane crashed twice - 通过视频学习英语口语

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This is an airplane engine.

It's sitting in a field in Beshaftu, Ethiopia, part of the wreckage of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, which crashed on March 10, 2019.

157 people died.

This was just a few months after another flight, Lion Air 610, crashed in Indonesia and killed 189 people.

These two flights were operating the same plane, the Boeing 737 MAX 8.

And its engine is the key to understanding why this particular plane has caused so many problems.

But there's nothing actually wrong with this engine.

In fact, airplane manufacturers race to put them on their new planes.

That's where the problems started.

The two biggest airplane manufacturers in the world are Airbus and Boeing.

And they have a fierce rivalry.

If one of them can offer a better plane, the other could lose a lot of money.

That's exactly what was about to happen in 2010.

Airbus announced that they would update their most popular model, the A320, a single -aisle airplane that services many domestic flights.

You've probably been on one.

For this new plane, Airbus had a big update.

It would have a new kind of engine.

It was much larger than the previous engine, but it would make the plane 15 % more fuel -efficient.

And just as importantly, this upgrade wouldn't change the plane that much.

A pilot could walk into the new model with little additional training and be on their way.

It was called the A320neo, and it would save airlines a lot of money.

This was a problem for Boeing.

To compete with Airbus, Boeing's obvious move was to upgrade the engine on their single -aisle plane, the 737.

But there was one issue.

Here's a sketch of the 737 next to the Airbus A320.

Notice how the 737 is lower to the ground than the A320.

This meant Airbus could slide a new engine under the wing of their A320, but there wasn't enough room under the wing of the Boeing 737.

But a few months later, Boeing's product development head had big news.

He said, Their solution was to move up the engine on the wing,

so that it would be slightly higher, and it would fit on their 737s.

Here's a promotional video of that updated 737 in the air.

You can actually see that the top of the engine is above the wing.

Boeing called this model the 737 MAX.

And just like Airbus with the A320, Boeing said that their new plane was so similar to its predecessor that pilots would only need minimal additional training.

The 737 MAX became the hottest selling plane on the market.

And it helped Boeing keep up with Airbus.

Except moving the engine up on the 737 had a side effect.

When the 737 MAX was in full thrust, like during takeoff, the nose tended to point too far upward, which could lead to a stall.

This was a problem because these planes were supposed to behave exactly like the old ones.

So Boeing came up with a workaround.

Instead of re -engineering the planes, they installed software that automatically pushed the nose downward if the pilot flew the plane at too high of an angle.

They called it the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System, or MCAS.

But because Boeing was selling the 737 MAX as pretty much the same plane as the 737, they didn't highlight the new MCAS system.

Many pilots only got a two -hour iPad course before entering the cockpit for the first time.

And the training material didn't mention the MCAS software.

In 2018, several American pilots complained to the federal government that the 737 MAX was suddenly nosing down.

On October 29, 2018, Lion Air Flight 610 took off from Jakarta.

In the flight report, which shows the plane's altitude over time, you can see that the plane was in full thrust during takeoff.

But at a certain point, the nose of the plane kept lurching downward.

The pilots couldn't figure out why this was happening.

The captain asked the first officer to check the quick reference handbook.

They couldn't find the solution.

The pilots continued to fight with the MCAS.

The plane struggled to gain altitude.

Reports show it was likely because the computer was getting incorrect sensor data, pushing the plane toward the Earth below.

12 minutes after takeoff, the plane crashed into the Java Sea.

In the Ethiopia crash, the report shows that the pilots were actually able to disable the MCAS, but it was too late to overcome the malfunctioning MCAS sensors.

For now, nearly every 737 MAX 8 in service has been grounded.

And the Federal Aviation Administration is facing scrutiny over how they rushed this plane through certification.

Boeing's response has been to apply a software update that makes the MCAS less aggressive, while also saying they'll increase pilot training on how to turn it off.

This problem started with the company's race to compete with its rival.

It pushed them to pretend like their new plane behaved exactly like their old one, Even when it didn't

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这段视频共有 62 个句子、820 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 5:34。说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 147 个词，很适合跟读。只有 81% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
airplane 名词	/ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/	飛機 /飞机, 飛行機 /飞行机
compete 动词	/kəmˈpiːt/	競爭 /竞争, 高下
manufacturer 名词	/ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/	製作者 /制作者, 製造者 /制造者
airline 名词	/ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/	航空公司
behave 动词	/bɪˈheɪv/	為人 /为人
sensor 名词	/ˈsɛn.sɚ/	傳感器 /传感器
thrust 动词	/θɹʌst/	推力
aisle 名词	/aɪ̯l/	走道, 過道 /过道
rush 动词	/ɹʌʃ/	急速去, 急速做
efficient 形容词	/ɪˈfɪʃənt/	高效率
angle 名词	/ˈæŋ.ɡəl/	角, 角度
aggressive 形容词	/əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/	好鬥 /好斗, 好戰的 /好战的
slide 名词	/ˈslaɪ̯d/	滑梯
overcome 动词	/ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/	征服, 克服
announce 动词	/əˈnaʊn(t)s/	通告, 公布

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
come up with 动词	想出, 提出
figure out 动词	弄清楚

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	has caused · You've probably been · has been grounded
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	was called · has been grounded

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 9 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 didn't, couldn't, they'll。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: rush /ɹʌʃ/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, certification /ˌsɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, promotional /pɹəˈmoʊʃənəl/, malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən/
长单词——注意重音位置: manufacturer /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, certification /ˌsɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, promotional /pɹəˈmoʊʃənəl/, predecessor /ˈpɹɛd.ə.sɛs.ɚ/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 airplane, compete, manufacturer 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: The real reason Boeing's new plane crashed twice - 通过视频学习英语口语

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