Prática de Shadowing: The real reason Boeing's new plane crashed twice - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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This is an airplane engine.
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It's sitting in a field in Beshaftu, Ethiopia, part of the wreckage of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, which crashed on March 10, 2019.
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157 people died.
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This was just a few months after another flight, Lion Air 610, crashed in Indonesia and killed 189 people.
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These two flights were operating the same plane, the Boeing 737 MAX 8.
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And its engine is the key to understanding why this particular plane has caused so many problems.
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But there's nothing actually wrong with this engine.
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In fact, airplane manufacturers race to put them on their new planes.
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That's where the problems started.
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The two biggest airplane manufacturers in the world are Airbus and Boeing.
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And they have a fierce rivalry.
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If one of them can offer a better plane, the other could lose a lot of money.
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That's exactly what was about to happen in 2010.
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Airbus announced that they would update their most popular model, the A320, a single -aisle airplane that services many domestic flights.
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You've probably been on one.
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For this new plane, Airbus had a big update.
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It would have a new kind of engine.
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It was much larger than the previous engine, but it would make the plane 15 % more fuel -efficient.
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And just as importantly, this upgrade wouldn't change the plane that much.
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A pilot could walk into the new model with little additional training and be on their way.
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It was called the A320neo, and it would save airlines a lot of money.
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This was a problem for Boeing.
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To compete with Airbus, Boeing's obvious move was to upgrade the engine on their single -aisle plane, the 737.
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But there was one issue.
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Here's a sketch of the 737 next to the Airbus A320.
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Notice how the 737 is lower to the ground than the A320.
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This meant Airbus could slide a new engine under the wing of their A320, but there wasn't enough room under the wing of the Boeing 737.
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But a few months later, Boeing's product development head had big news.
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He said, Their solution was to move up the engine on the wing,
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so that it would be slightly higher, and it would fit on their 737s.
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Here's a promotional video of that updated 737 in the air.
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You can actually see that the top of the engine is above the wing.
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Boeing called this model the 737 MAX.
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And just like Airbus with the A320, Boeing said that their new plane was so similar to its predecessor that pilots would only need minimal additional training.
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The 737 MAX became the hottest selling plane on the market.
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And it helped Boeing keep up with Airbus.
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Except moving the engine up on the 737 had a side effect.
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When the 737 MAX was in full thrust, like during takeoff, the nose tended to point too far upward, which could lead to a stall.
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This was a problem because these planes were supposed to behave exactly like the old ones.
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So Boeing came up with a workaround.
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Instead of re -engineering the planes, they installed software that automatically pushed the nose downward if the pilot flew the plane at too high of an angle.
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They called it the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System, or MCAS.
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But because Boeing was selling the 737 MAX as pretty much the same plane as the 737, they didn't highlight the new MCAS system.
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Many pilots only got a two -hour iPad course before entering the cockpit for the first time.
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And the training material didn't mention the MCAS software.
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In 2018, several American pilots complained to the federal government that the 737 MAX was suddenly nosing down.
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On October 29, 2018, Lion Air Flight 610 took off from Jakarta.
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In the flight report, which shows the plane's altitude over time, you can see that the plane was in full thrust during takeoff.
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But at a certain point, the nose of the plane kept lurching downward.
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The pilots couldn't figure out why this was happening.
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The captain asked the first officer to check the quick reference handbook.
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They couldn't find the solution.
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The pilots continued to fight with the MCAS.
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The plane struggled to gain altitude.
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Reports show it was likely because the computer was getting incorrect sensor data, pushing the plane toward the Earth below.
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12 minutes after takeoff, the plane crashed into the Java Sea.
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In the Ethiopia crash, the report shows that the pilots were actually able to disable the MCAS, but it was too late to overcome the malfunctioning MCAS sensors.
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For now, nearly every 737 MAX 8 in service has been grounded.
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And the Federal Aviation Administration is facing scrutiny over how they rushed this plane through certification.
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Boeing's response has been to apply a software update that makes the MCAS less aggressive, while also saying they'll increase pilot training on how to turn it off.
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This problem started with the company's race to compete with its rival.
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It pushed them to pretend like their new plane behaved exactly like their old one, Even when it didn't
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 62 frases e 820 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 5:34. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 147 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 81% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| airplane substantivo | /ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/ | avião, aeroplano |
| compete verbo | /kəmˈpiːt/ | competir, rivalizar |
| upgrade verbo | /əpˈɡɹeɪd/ | melhorar |
| manufacturer substantivo | /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/ | fabricante |
| airline substantivo | /ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/ | linha aérea, companhia aérea |
| behave verbo | /bɪˈheɪv/ | comportar-se |
| sensor substantivo | /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ | sensor |
| thrust verbo | /θɹʌst/ | empurrar |
| aisle substantivo | /aɪ̯l/ | nave |
| rush verbo | /ɹʌʃ/ | apressar-se |
| efficient adjetivo | /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ | eficiente |
| angle substantivo | /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ | ângulo |
| pretend verbo | /pɹəˈtɛnd/ | fingir |
| aggressive adjetivo | /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/ | agressivo |
| slide substantivo | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | escorrega, escorregador |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| come up with verbo | pensar (em), alcançar |
| figure out verbo | descobrir, deduzir |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has caused · You've probably been · has been grounded |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | was called · has been grounded |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 9 contrações e formas reduzidas, como didn't, couldn't, they'll. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: rush /ɹʌʃ/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, certification /ˌsɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, promotional /pɹəˈmoʊʃənəl/, malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: manufacturer /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, certification /ˌsɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, promotional /pɹəˈmoʊʃənəl/, predecessor /ˈpɹɛd.ə.sɛs.ɚ/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como airplane, compete, upgrade.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.