跟读练习: Why birds don't crash (and what humans can learn from them) - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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If you've ever been fortunate enough to witness the spectacle of a huge flock of birds twisting and swooping through the sky,
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If you've ever been fortunate enough to witness the spectacle of a huge flock of birds twisting and swooping through the sky,
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I'm sure the same thought occurred to you,
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which is, this looks lovely,
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but how are they not absolutely smashing into each other?
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These patterns are called murmurations, by the way.
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You can get tens of thousands of starlings,
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sometimes hundreds of thousands, all swirling around in this synchronised aerial ballet for up to 45 minutes before sunset,
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and then, boom, all dropping out of the sky at once, safely, to roost.
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for the night.
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And for years, people had no idea how they could possibly do this.
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And then in 1931, a perfectly respectable British biologist published a book,
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and I cannot stress enough that this is a real book,
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called Thought Transference in Birds.
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His conclusion, having thought about it very,
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very hard, was that the birds must be telepathic.
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I love him, but also no. The actual answer turned up in 1986 from,
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of all people, a computer programmer called Craig Reynolds,
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who was just trying to make a halfway convincing a flock of birds for an animation.
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And he discovered something genuinely remarkable.
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You don't need to model the whole flock.
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The birds aren't thinking about the flock.
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They aren't thinking about the bigger picture at all.
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It's a bird equivalent of a Mexican wave.
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Each bird is following three rules.
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One, don't get too close to your neighbours.
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Two, roughly steer in the same direction as them.
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And three, roughly stay near them.
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I mean, that's it.
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That's the whole murmuration.
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There isn't any leader.
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There's no plan.
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There's no bird squawking instructions to the others.
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There's no telepathy.
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Just every bird
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paying attention only to the handful of birds in its immediate bubble
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and adjusting its behavior accordingly and out of out of
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that I mean you you get this right his algorithm these
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three rules a few lines of codes produces flocking behavior
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that is so accurate
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that it is used in films in self-driving car research in
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crowd safety in robotics in modeling how rumors spread in how
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diseases spread in how protest form in how fish school
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and how cities move all from this same insight
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that you don't get a beautiful cohesive whole by having a
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beautiful cohesive plan actually you get it by having every individual
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quietly paying attention to the people who are right next to them
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and adjusting their behavior accordingly which if you think about it is
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is also basically the deal with being a good person
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关于本课
在本课中，学习者将通过分析鸟类在空中翱翔的行为来练习英语，特别是如何通过简化的规则实现优雅的同步。通过理解这一现象，您将能够提高对群体行为的理解，并学习如何将这些原则应用于社交场合，从而拓展您的英语表达能力和口语练习，尤其是在雅思口语练习方面。
关键词汇与短语
- 鸟群 (murmuration): 一大群鸟在空中同步飞行的现象。
- 生物学家 (biologist): 研究生物及其行为的人。
- 行为 (behavior): 鸟类在特定情况下的反应和动作。
- 跟随规则 (follow rules): 鸟类在群体中保持秩序的三条规则。
- 计划 (plan): 为实现某种目标而制定的步骤和策略。
- 调整 (adjust): 根据周围环境或他人的行为进行改变。
- 个体 (individual): 每只鸟作为单独的个体参与群体活动。
- 同步 (synchronize): 同时发生的状态。
练习技巧
在练习过程中，采用影子跟读（shadowing）的方法，特别注意视频中的语速和语调。尝试在您听到的每一个短语后快速模仿，包括鸟类飞行中的细微变化与描述。这种方法不仅能帮助您提高英语发音，还能增强您在雅思口语练习中自信地表达的能力。
每次跟读时，集中注意力于发音的准确性，尽量与视频中的语气保持一致。您可以从简单的句子开始，再逐渐过渡到更加复杂的短语。请记得，您不需要关注整个内容，只需跟随着您周围的“学习伙伴”，这样可以帮助您在使用英语时感受到更多的流畅与自然。
通过运用影子说（shadow speak）技巧，您将能逐渐提升与别人沟通的能力，从而让自己在社交场合中更具感染力。无论是在课堂上还是在实际生活中，保持这种练习将对您的英语水平有显著的提升效果。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。