跟读练习: Witches and Hags: Crash Course World Mythology #39 - 通过视频学习英语口语
选择练习模式
每种模式都会打开全屏练习室。
112 句
如果句子过短或过长，请点击 Edit 进行调整。
1
Hey there I'm Mike Rugnetta.
2
This is crash course mythology and today, we're gonna shift just slightly from our discussion of monsters to talk about...
3
Monstrous humans! Monstrous human women to be exact. We're discussing witches and hags.
4
Many, scary, magical ladies. You know what's scariest about them? It's their giant gross moles. Just kidding.
5
It's their habit of turning people into stone.
6
Thoth! Noooo!
7
Before we start, a quick reminder that many cultures which created these myths are patriarchal and many of the stories we're going to look at are more than a little misogynistic...
8
devoting an episode to terrifying women doesn't mean we're endorsing the idea that women..
9
especially older wiser women are... horrible...
10
And actually in many stories, it's not even clear whether these women are really so horrible.
11
They may just be trying to protect themselves and their place in the social or metaphysical order.
12
Really! One myth's forest hag might be another's fairy godmother, after just a little shift in perspective.
13
Anyway, just something to keep in mind while we're dissing on all these hags.
14
So when I say witch there's almost certainly an image that comes to mind.
15
Many myths especially folk and fairy tales feature old women described as ugly or misshapen.
16
And with frightening magical powers.
17
There are a few exceptions but most witches use their powers for evil.
18
Depending upon the tradition which is synonymous with or akin... to hag.
19
In many myths hags are magical old women who are responsible for giving people bad dreams Some hags even sit on the chest of their sleeping victims Sprinkling bad images into their minds.
20
In Norse mythology, the hag is called a mare or Mara...
21
And they come in the night to torment you.
22
A mare at night, "A nightmare". Get it? That's a thing, a nightmare.
23
In Celtic mythology, there's a hag called the Cailleach, Who often appears with a staff and likes to make everybody cold and miserable.
24
In one Scottish tradition she comes down from her mountain home On November first beats her staff on the ground and ushers in winter But not all Cailleachs manifest such awesome power.
25
In one story the Cailleach is basically just a petty thief.
26
The story begins long ago in the parish of Kirk loanin where...
27
the widow, Ena McCarran lives with her three daughters Calybrid, Calyphony, and Calyvorra.
28
Their father having died years ago, left behind a leather bag full of gold coins.
29
That Ena keeps under the hearthstone in front of the fire.
30
The gold coins are how she provides for the family.
31
One day an old hag comes knocking at the door, spoiler alert she the Cailleach.
32
And she's a hungry Cailleach at that.
33
Ena just sees an old woman though, and she doesn't like to turn a beggar away so she invites the Cailleach in for soup.
34
When she returns with a shawl to comfort the shivering old woman, the Cailleach is gone and So with them with McCarran's stash - without their gold the family is hungry Desperate eventually Calybrid, the oldest, tells her mother that she's leaving to make her fortune and that if she doesn't return in a year, they can assume that she's made it big.
35
Ena a bakes her daughter an oak cake for her journey But before sending her off Ena asks for one piece of it in exchange for a blessing but Calybrid doesn't know when she's gonna have her next meal so she refuses her mother.
36
Early in her journey Calybrid finds a house and...
37
Surprise! The Cailleach lives there.
38
The Cailleach offers Calybrid a job as her maid, but only on one condition, Never clean the chimney! Calybrid agrees and goes to sleep.
39
The next day Calybrid Definitely looks in the chimney where low and behold she finds her family's lost bag of gold Without thinking twice she sets out for home So let's see what happens next in the thought bubble.
40
On her way home, Calybrid passes a horse who asks her to rub him down. Calybrid refuses.
41
Later, she passes a sheep who asks her to shear him. Again, she refuses.
42
Then, she passes a goat, a lime kiln, a cow, and finally a mill Refuses them all. At this point, She's so tired that she goes inside the mill and falls asleep.
43
In the meantime, the Cailleach returns home to find that the bag of gold is missing.
44
Running outside, she finds a horse "Have you seen a girl past this way?" "I have", says the horse. The same with the sheep, the goat, the lime kiln, The cow, and the mill who says "I've got her sleeping inside me, right now." The Cailleach creeps inside and touches Calybrid's shoulder with a hazel wand Turning her into stone.
45
A year and a day later the second daughter, Calyphony decides it's her turn to go fortune seeking and it's the same deal Oat cake, no blessing, maid job, chimney, bag grab, horse, sheep, goat kiln, cow, mill refusal, falling asleep And yep turned to stone.
46
Another year and a day later. It's Calyvorra's turn.
47
Unlike her greedy sisters, she gives a piece of the oatcake to her mother.
48
She takes the job, steals the gold, gets on her way.
49
But when she comes across the horse, She rubs it down.
50
She shears the sheep, and changes the goats tether, Cleans the lime kiln and milks the cow.
51
She turns the mill and after all her hard work, she falls asleep on a sack of flour.
52
Presumably not noticing the stone statues of her sisters.
53
When the Cailleach rushes off to find Calyvorra, She asks the animals and the kiln if they seen her and each one says, "No." When she gets to the mill and asks if it saw the girl, The mill catches the Cailleach in its cogs and grinds her up.
54
Thanks, thought bubble!
55
The Cailleach screams wake Calyvorra And the helpful mill..
56
tells her to pick up the wand and touch the stones in the corner.
57
As soon as the wand touches them they turned back...
58
into her very surprised sisters.
59
The mill then tells Calyvorra to touch the wand to the leather bag And it will never be empty and then to burn the wand so it can never harm..
60
anyone again.
61
The girls do as they're told and return home to their mother..
62
with the leather bag.
63
The story contains a lot of familiar tropes of the...
64
dangerous and devious witch; She looks like an old woman, she shows up on someone's doorstep, she has a house in the woods, And she has a magic wand that she uses for nefarious purposes.
65
And like monsters and other mythical creatures, she's notable for her ugly wrinkly appearance.
66
It's kind of a bummer that old age is used as a sign of evil so often.
67
I mean I've met a ton of old folks and only like Six of them tops were probably magical villains.
68
Another hideous old woman who is more than she seems is Baba Yaga.
69
And no, the story is not about John Wick.
70
It's about the hag of Russia and Eastern Europe.
71
But she's just as terrifying if you cross her, with bulging eyes that can turn people to stone.
72
Apparently, stoning people is like the go-to spell for old magical ladies.
73
Anyway, she lives alone in a birch forest in a hut that sits atop a pair of chicken legs.
74
The hut is surrounded by human skulls and each day the hut is visited by three ghostly riders, One dressed in white, one in red, and one in black.
75
These riders represent the passage of time.
76
Baba Yaga flies through the night sky on a giant mortar that she rose with a giant pestle.
77
She wipes away her tracks with a birch broom and like the Windigo, she's a cannibal with a penchant for luring princesses to her hut For... Dinner.
78
According to Brenda Rosin, some scholars believe that originally, Baba Yaga was a potent female nature spirit, A provider of healing, Protection and guidance.
79
In this respect she's similar to another terrifying female creature from Greek mythology.
80
The Gorgon, Medusa. This snake headed stone making lady may not seem to be much of a protector or a guide.
81
But there's one myth that says blood from the right side of a Gorgon can bring a corpse...
82
back to life.
83
While blood from the left side is...
84
deadly poison.
85
Turns out also, the name Medusa is related to the ancient Greek word for...
86
'protect' and can be translated as...
87
'guardian'.
88
So maybe she just has a bad reputation because of mean old Perseus and of course her petrifying visage.
89
These three different frightening females are from different times and places, but they have a number of things in common.
90
They're hideous, ancient and dangerous.
91
One wrong move and you get turned to stone.
92
Hags are seen as monstrous because of their ability to transform themselves and others, and their tricky conniving ways.
93
But perhaps they also reflect a societal discomfort with old age Which works its own transformations on the body and cultures that valorize youth that old age can seem...
94
Terrifying! Especially when it comes to women.
95
But old age is also very powerful.
96
Especially when you have a hazel wand or a snake hairdo to swing around.
97
Next time we start our two episode wrap up of...
98
the whole series! I know I'm gonna miss you too, Thoth.
99
I'm also gonna miss you guys.
100
We're gonna talk about Freud and Jung and the psychological aspects of mythology.
101
Thanks for watching.
102
We'll see you soon.
103
Unless, Baba Yaga sees you first.
104
Check out our crash course mythology Thoth tote bag and poster available now at dftba.com.
105
Crash course mythology is filmed in the Chad and Stacey Emigholz Studio in Indianapolis, Indiana and is produced with the help of all of these...
106
very nice people.
107
Our animation team is Thought Cafe.
108
Crash Course exists...
109
Thanks to the generous support of our patrons at Patreon.
110
Patreon is a voluntary subscription service where you can support the content you love...
111
through a monthly donation and help keep crash course free for everyone!
112
Forever! Crash Course is made with Adobe Creative Cloud check the description for a link to a free trial Thanks for watching and your grandparents might be old, but that annual sweatsuit they gift you is not a curse or Maybe it is.
同频道
B21
The Bicameral Congress: Crash Course Government and Politics #2
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
Crash Course US History Preview
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C1What's all the Yellen About? Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve: Crash Course Economics #10
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
How Water Shapes the Land: Crash Course Geology #9
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
How Often do Asteroids Hit the Earth?: Crash Course Geology #20
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B210
Crash Course Sex Ed Preview
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Derivatives: Crash Course Physics #2
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Indus Valley Civilization: Crash Course World History #2
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
Ancient Egypt: Crash Course World History #4
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C12
What is Engineering?: Crash Course Engineering #1
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
The Persians & Greeks: Crash Course World History #5
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C13
The Secret to Business Writing: Crash Course Business - Soft Skills #3
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Supervised Learning: Crash Course AI #2
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1Why Are US Politics Today So Divisive?: Crash Course US Government #1
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
The Periodic Table: Crash Course Chemistry #4
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
B22
Where Do Diamonds Come From?: Crash Course Geology #8
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C11
Tissues, Part 1: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #2
Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Where Did Democracy Come From, and Does It Still Work?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
The Nucleus: Crash Course Chemistry #1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
Defense Against the Dark Arts of Influence: Crash Course Business Soft Skills #2
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
推荐视频
B28
214 句
A Greek Myth - I'm The Queen of the Underworld
American AccentCambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C12
187 句
Hellraiser, Bataille and Limit Experiences
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B2171 句
A Short History of Fairy Tales
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B16
49 句
Shadowing Hermione's BRITISH ACCENT - The Deathly Hallow Tale PART 1 - Harry Potter
Cambridge Exam PrepTeensDaily Conversation
B21
171 句
Fluffy Tropes That'd Be Scary IRL
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B226
381 句
Learn English with Disney's TANGLED — Rapunzel's Mood Swings
Cambridge Exam PrepDaily ConversationHigh School Students
C12
44 句
4 Key Lessons from Women Who Run With The Wolves by Clarissa Pinkola Estés
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1198 句
The Origins of Folk Horror
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
149 句
The GOAT of Holiday Animals | Scandinavian History | Extra History
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C12
178 句
What Is Myth? Crash Course World Mythology #1
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
50 句
She’s a Witch! - Studio C
American AccentTeensDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B22
177 句
I Don't F*cking Believe This
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Witches and Hags: Crash Course World Mythology”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：Cailleach, hag, Calybrid, mill, stone。 这段视频共有 112 个句子、1754 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 9:40。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 181 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 只有 74% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| wand 名词 | /wɑnd/ | 魔杖, 魔法棒 |
| mythology 名词 | /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | 神話 /神话 |
| kiln 名词 | /kɪln/ | 窯 /窑 |
| goat 名词 | /ɡoʊt/ | җүлү, 山羊 |
| myth 名词 | /mɪθ/ | 迷思 |
| sheep 名词 | /ˈʃiːp/ | мянён, ён |
| chimney 名词 | /ˈt͡ʃɪmni/ | 煙筒 /烟筒, 煙囪 /烟囱 |
| lime 名词 | /laɪm/ | 萊檬 /莱檬, 萊姆 /莱姆 |
| frighten 动词 | /ˈfɹaɪ.tən/ | 嚇唬 /吓唬, 嚇 /吓 |
| shear 动词 | /ʃɪɚ/ | 剪斷 /剪断 |
| birch 名词 | /bɝt͡ʃ/ | 樺樹 /桦树, 樺 /桦 |
| hazel 名词 | /ˈheɪzəl/ | 榛, 榛树 |
| maid 名词 | /meɪd/ | 女僕 /女仆, 女傭 /女佣 |
| rider 名词 | /ˈɹaɪ̯.dəː/ | 車手 /车手, 騎者 /骑者 |
| blessing 名词 | /ˈblɛs.ɪŋ/ | 祝福 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| check out 动词 | 退房 |
| leave behind 动词 | 遺棄 /遗弃 |
| pick up 动词 | 拾取, 撿 /捡 |
| turn out 动词 | 原來 /原来 |
值得反复跟读的句子
视频中简短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常对话里：
- We're discussing witches and hags.
- You know what's scariest about them?
- I'm also gonna miss you guys.
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is called · is surrounded · can be translated |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | tradition which is · women who are · woman who is |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 23 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 we're, gonna, doesn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, myth /mɪθ/, godmother /ˈɡɒdmʌðə/, hearthstone /ˈhɑɹθstoʊn/, mythical /ˈmɪθɪkəl/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: sheep /ˈʃiːp/, shear /ʃɪɚ/, misshapen /mɪsˈʃeɪ.pən/, perish /ˈpɛɹɪʃ/, shiver /ˈʃɪvɚ/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, metaphysical /ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪkəl/, misogynistic /ˈmɪs.ɒdʒ.ən.ɪst.ɪk/, nefarious /nɪˈfɛəɹi.əs/, synonymous /sɪˈnɑnɪməs/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: connive /kəˈnaɪv/, devious /ˈdiː.vi.əs/, shiver /ˈʃɪvɚ/, valorize /ˈvæləˌraɪz/, visage /ˈvɪz.ɪd͡ʒ/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: wand /wɑnd/, goat /ɡoʊt/, myth /mɪθ/, sheep /ˈʃiːp/, monstrous /ˈmɑnstɹəs/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: patriarchal /ˌpeɪtɹiˈɑɹkl̩/, valorize /ˈvæləˌraɪz/, wrinkly /ˈɹɪŋk(ə)li/, refusal /ɹɪˈfjuːzl̩/, translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 wand, mythology, kiln 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。