跟读练习: Your Olive Oil is (probably) a Lie - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Your olive oil may not be what it claims to be.
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A couple years ago in southern Italy, the police were spying on an organized crime network.
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Their undercover footage shows these large tanker trucks passing into their compound.
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They started tracking these trucks with GPS and found that the trucks were loaded with oil.
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They were delivering this oil to markets and restaurants in Germany.
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They were selling it to buyers who thought that they were buying high-quality
7
extra virgin olive oil from the best olive regions in the world.
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After many months of this investigation, the police finally busted into the compound.
9
And what they found is that these criminals were importing cheap seed oil
10
that cost them just over one euro per liter
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But then they were coloring it with like chlorophyll to make
12
it look like olive oil They even had the machinery to bottle this oil
13
and to label it with the important words Extra virgin olive
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oil with a nice little Italian flag on it at the
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height of their operation They were selling around 23,000 liters per
16
week to customers in the north for five to ten times the cost that they bought this cheap seed oil for.
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The police estimated that they were bringing in around 8 million euros a year.
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In the end, 24 people were arrested and 150.000 liters of fake olive oil were seized.
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They sold in Italy with oil oil, added with chlorophyll, spreading it for olive oil.
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Therefore, the officers have executed 24-cathetic measures, 17 of them in Cerignola in the province of Foggia, in the area of the Oro Giallo operation.
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Good olive oil is really hard to make.
22
It's delicate, it's hard to ship across the world, but when you get the real stuff, extra virgin olive oil, it's really healthy and delicious.
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And from the mafia in southern Italy to mainstream olive oil brands on your grocery store shelf, Olive oil is full of fraud and deception.
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In fact, there's a chance that you've never actually tasted extra virgin olive oil, even if you think you have.
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So, let me show you how this happened, and why it even matters.
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And how you can get in on the real stuff, real extra virgin olive oil.
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Because I'm telling you, when you do, when you taste this, it's unlike any substance on Earth.
28
I've been working out lately, like I can do 10 pull-ups, which when I started this journey like 10 months ago, I could do one.
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Now I can do 10.
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And that's because of Copilot.
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Copilot is this platform where you get paired up with a personal fitness coach
32
and you communicate with that fitness coach via a very well-designed app.
33
My coach is named Devin and he's great.
34
And I've told him all about my goals.
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I want to be able to lift my body.
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I want to just have a workout that's approachable and not like grueling.
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And he designed a custom workout step-by-step.
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So every day when it's time to work out, I open up this app, I press start workout.
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It fires it up on my watch and on my phone and I start working.
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I just follow the instructions.
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There's like video demonstrations of each step so that it's crystal clear and then it moves you on to the next activity.
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What this does is, number one, it gives you a real person to stand accountable to, which is just so much better than like a YouTube video
43
that you're like watching and no one else knows that you're working out.
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Copilot found that people are nine times more likely to stick to a workout routine
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if there's a real person that they have to stand accountable to.
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Nine times, which is actually not that surprising.
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It makes sense.
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Number two, it allows you to customize a workout exactly to what you want.
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Oh, and at the end of every workout, I'm able to give feedback to my coach, Devin, and be like, hey, Devin, I think it was too easy today on the arms.
50
Can we make it harder?
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And he, the next day, has coded in a new workout that is harder on the arms.
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The other thing this does is it takes away ambiguity.
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Like, I think the killer of motivation is ambiguity.
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Like, you're like, so what do I start with?
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And with Copilot, you just press a button and it tells you what to start with, which for me at like six in the morning when I'm working out because I need to to be happy.
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I don't want to think.
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I just want to get it done.
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And Copilot makes that happen because of its very fancy app.
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I try my best to actually use the products that I endorse here on this channel.
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Obviously, this is a business.
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I need to sponsor these videos so that we can make good journalism.
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But also, like, I've used this for 10 months and I can vouch for it.
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It's a pretty dang good product.
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So there's a link in my description.
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It is go.mycopilot.com slash Johnny Harris.
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Just click the link.
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It helps support this channel, but it also gives you 14 days for free with your own personal fitness coach
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so that you can design your own workout and have somebody to sound accountable to
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and make those workout goals actually come true.
70
Thank you, Copilot, for empowering me to do 10 pull-ups and for existing and for sponsoring today's video.
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Let's get back to our story about the Mafia and olive oil.
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Most olive oil in the world is made here, in these sunny climates of the Mediterranean.
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Thousands of years ago, people here figured out
74
that juicing the fruit of this ancient tree produces a golden oil that is like magic.
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They adored this tree.
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The branches were worn by the goddess of peace, or a victorious Olympian.
77
It was an olive branch that told Noah that the flood was over.
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Over the centuries, it became a sacred tree with a sacred fruit that produced a sacred liquid.
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It was food.
80
It was medicine.
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It was fuel.
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It was a cosmetic.
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It was a key part of religious rituals for people of the Mediterranean for thousands of years.
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The rest of the world didn't know much about this special oil until the 1960s,
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when an American doctor was conducting a health study of over 13,000 middle-aged men from seven countries.
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He found that the people of Italy and Greece lived longer and were generally healthier, despite being ravaged by war and poverty.
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He concluded that it must be because of what they ate—fish, nuts, vegetables, and of course, copious amounts of olive oil instead of butter.
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Soon, word spread to the rest of the world
89
that this Mediterranean diet was the way to live longer and that olive oil was a key ingredient.
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It's the 70s and 80s and everyone is talking about olive oil.
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Major health headline here tonight and it involves a very popular diet, the Mediterranean diet full of olive oil.
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Olive oil.
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Olive oil.
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Extra virgin olive oil.
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What is the best olive oil?
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A little olive oil, if you like, use lots.
97
Between 1958 and 2019, global production of olive oil tripled.
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Demand in the United States exploded.
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Olive oil is no longer a regional thing.
100
By the 1990s, this has become a huge international supply chain, serving customers around the world who are willing to pay, to pay a lot more for this extra virgin olive oil.
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The stuff that scientists were saying was an elixir of health and longevity.
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You can combine what is beneficial for health to what is really taste.
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And people, of course, they are quick to grasp the importance of combining good food with good health.
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Suddenly, these small olive oil operations in rural parts of southern Italy have international customers clamoring to get in on their product.
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So they start selling their oil to middlemen who can take it and sell it to a co-op.
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The co-op gets all the oil together
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and then sells it to another co-op who eventually sells it to a company who bottles it
108
and then ships it to a faraway country to be put on grocery store shelves.
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This complex supply chain with all these middlemen comes with a
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lot of opportunities for people to take advantage of this newfound love for this magical, expensive oil.
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But to understand olive oil fraud, you first really have to understand the magic of extra virgin olive oil.
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Every winter at farms around the Mediterranean, farmers head to their groves to comb through the branches of these ancient trees at just the right time
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so that this delicate fruit is perfectly ripe as it falls to the ground, carpeting the grove floor.
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The clock immediately starts ticking.
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Within 24 hours they must get this precious fruit to the mill where the olives are crushed
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and then spun in a centrifuge until the oil is separated.
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No heat, no filters, no chemicals, nothing.
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Just high quality olives, quickly pressed one time and spun, then bottled.
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Then crucially, kept dark, kept cool, sealed, and ideally consumed within 18 months.
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It's a delicate, resource intensive process to pull this off.
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And even more so when you then have to ship it across the globe.
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But it's really the only way to get this magical liquid that we call extra virgin olive oil.
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The stuff that's good for your heart, for your brain, for your bones.
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The stuff that tastes like fatty, grassy gold.
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This stuff is so good.
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And this is where I tell you that most olive oil is kind of a lie.
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Sometimes a white lie, and other times a mafia is deceiving you kind of lie.
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So first things first, Italian olive oil is important here.
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If you look at this price graph of Italian olive oil, you'll see that it's quite a bit more expensive than the olive oil coming from the other big players in this space,
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Spain and Greece.
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Italian olive oil is more expensive not only because it is known for genuine quality, but also because it's Italy.
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Italy is Italy.
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It looks like this.
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Its food looks like this.
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Italy has the perception of being the gourmet food epicenter of the world.
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So people, including me, are willing to pay more for Italian extra virgin olive oil
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because Because it's good and it's from Italy.
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On that point, let me show you two kind of insane maps.
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First, look where most olive oil is made in Italy.
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It's the darker areas, down here.
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And second, let's look at the regions of Italy where the mafia is most present.
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Right down here next to this toe and the heel of the boot.
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The regions with the highest production of olive oil are the regions where the mafia is
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and this is where it all comes together.
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There's this ancient trading city right on the toe of the boot.
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The Calabrian Mafia, one of Italy's most influential clans, controls this busy port in the city.
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They also control or influence much of the farmland in this area, including olive groves.
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In 2016, this mafia clan was shipping in cheap, low-grade, chemically treated olive oil called pumice.
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They would then bottle this up and label it as extra virgin olive oil from Italy.
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Even though it was like a derivative of olive oil chemically treated and not from Italy.
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But then they would ship this olive oil to importers in New York City, in Boston, in Chicago.
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Importers who thought they were buying the best olive oil in the world from the best region in the world.
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But really, they were paying for cheap oil and giving huge profit margins to the mafia committing this fraud.
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The Italian food police, which is like literally a thing, eventually busted this scheme.
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The arrest of one of the most powerful street gangs in Calabria.
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Olive oil is hard to detect as fake.
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It kind of all looks the same.
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You have to have a trained eye to know if like the color is off.
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Most people aren't drinking olive oil.
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They're cooking with it or putting it on their salad
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and they're kind of just assuming that it's legitimate and that it's giving them health benefits, and a lot of people don't really know what good olive oil tastes like.
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So olive oil fraud is particularly easy, and particularly lucrative, because of the premium price that good extra virgin olive oil commands.
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Because of this, Italy has an entire investigative unit dedicated to food fraud, and they're regularly busting these fraud schemes.
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Some of them are less extreme than the ones we've talked about.
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A really common one is people will ship in olive oil from Spain, They will bottle it in Italy and then they will put a label
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that says that it's Italian olive oil
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and they will sell it at a higher premium because Italian olive oil commands a higher price.
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But oftentimes it's even more subtle than that.
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Olive oil companies will mix extra virgin olive oil with old
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or decaying oil or they'll use olives
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that have been sitting on the floor of the grove for like a couple of weeks and they're like, we'll just like press them anyway and call it extra virgin olive oil.
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And it's not.
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It's a different thing.
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Again, this is a really complex supply chain with lots of opportunities for people to step in
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and change it from this delicate liquid called extra virgin olive oil to something else.
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And it's really hard to detect.
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A lot of this olive oil ends up on your supermarket
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shelf with a photo of a humble Italian farmer in an idyllic landscape with words like cold-pressed
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or premium selection with pretend stamps of approval that don't mean anything.
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I mean listen, these could all be legit extra virgin olive oils, but I don't know because here in the US We actually have no enforcement standards.
181
Luckily scientists have tested this
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One of the first big tests on this was from researchers
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at UC Davis a college in California They went out
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and bought a bunch of olive oil from stores in California They tested them to see
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if they met the standards for extra virgin olive oil
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and they found that that 69% of imported olive oil that was claiming to be extra virgin
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failed to meet the internationally recognized sensory standards, where an expert tastes it and can tell if it's actually extra virgin or not.
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And of those, 31% failed to meet the chemical standards, meaning they were too acidic.
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A lot of this stuff is not extra virgin olive oil.
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Now, I'm sure I'm going to get an email from people in the olive oil industry saying
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that this study isn't actually legit
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because it was only a sample size of olive oil in stores in california
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but this was actually just one of several studies over the years
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that have shown the same thing most of the olive oil on our shelves claiming to be
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that amazing golden liquid that is delicately produced and stored
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and contains the fullness of the taste
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and the health benefits of olives aka extra virgin olive oil
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most of these labels are lying now most of the oil
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in these bottles does come from olives like there's not a lot of
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that fraud where they're like taking seed oil and pretending
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that it's olive oil that's been clamped down on it still happens
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but not very often again it being made from olives is
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not what makes extra virgin olive oil special it is the way
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that it's made it's the way
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that it's processed it's how quickly they take the fruit from the grove
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and they press it and bottle it and store it
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and ship it this oil is not that it is not extra virgin anymore.
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And yet they slap a label so that you and I feel like we're getting the best stuff.
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And we're getting it for a good price.
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You would be in big trouble if you got caught labeling it as such in Italy, and a lot of European countries.
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But wait, why haven't these companies who are doing it in the United States gotten in trouble?
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Because in America, we don't care.
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Whereas in Italy, they literally have laws that are violated when you label something as extra virgin olive oil and it's not.
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Here in the US we have no laws for this.
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Companies don't have to test their olive oil to prove that it's extra virgin.
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They can just import them and slap on extra virgin to the label and no one can do anything about it.
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Between this and the fact that
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most Americans probably don't know what extra virgin olive oil even tastes like so they don't know what to expect,
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the US has become what one expert calls the dumping grounds for olive oil that says it's extra virgin and it's not.
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So, is there any hope here?
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Can you ever try the real stuff?
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Extra virgin olive oil that is like magical golden liquid?
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Yes, you can.
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It exists.
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You just need to know what to look for.
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We put together a list of tips on how you can find legitimate extra virgin olive oil
227
and know that you're getting the good stuff.
228
I'm going to put the link in the description.
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It's everything from the material
230
that the bottle is made out of to the nuances in the packaging and labeling and the date labeling, the quality seals.
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We also give you some ideas on some of the trickery
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that companies try to fake it to try to make it look legit, but it's actually not.
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So that link is in the description.
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If you want to try extra virgin olive oil
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and get your hands on it and are willing to pay for it because spoiler alert, it is more expensive than the fake stuff that's pretending to be real, then you can go check out that doc and hopefully it's helpful.
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The point is that it is possible.
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And I guess if you're still here watching this video, you're wondering why is this so important?
238
Like, why are we talking about oil and olive oil fraud?
239
And there are a couple answers.
240
Number one is that this is a really amazing old tradition.
241
It's a tradition that fueled the civilizations in the Mediterranean for thousands of years.
242
The harvesting and pressing and bottling and consumption of olive oil, good olive oil, is an old, delicate tradition.
243
And when you mix capitalism with that, you often get a race to the bottom on who can make it the cheapest
244
and sell it for the cheapest so that they can make the most money.
245
And inevitably, you will get opportunistic people who try to trick you to make you think
246
that it's the real thing so that you'll pay for it.
247
And this hurts the producers who are actually doing the resource-intensive process of harvesting and processing this in the right way.
248
And at the end of the day, to me, it is absolutely worth it.
249
Good extra virgin olive oil is unlike anything else.
250
A few years ago, I discovered that I had never actually tasted extra virgin olive oil.
251
So I bought my first bottle.
252
It was kind of expensive.
253
It was like $25.
254
And I started using it on everything.
255
I even started drinking it raw just to like get the flavor
256
because I'm kind of weird and that's what I do and I'm sorry, but it's just delicious.
257
And I started to understand why this stuff became so sacred for so many cultures in the Mediterranean.
258
Why it's like a part of every major religion.
259
Why it has endured as a health and culinary staple.
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And I guess in knowing how valuable this liquid is, I actually understand why fraudsters and the mafia got involved here.
261
Why they tried to deceive us into thinking that we are consuming the most magical liquid on earth, even if we're not.
262
Thanks for watching the video.
263
Am I too obsessed with olive oil?
264
Is that a thing? because I just really like it.
265
And I just had to make this video because I just am like, I think this video was me being obsessed with olive oil
266
and also me being so frustrated at when the international economy screws us over with opportunistic corporations.
267
Those two things coming together is what this video is.
268
So thank you for watching.
269
I hope you get in on the how to buy good olive oil doc that we put together in the description.
270
I want to thank those who support us over at the newsroom, which is our Patreon.
271
We obviously do sponsorships for our videos, which is a major way that we're able to do these.
272
But in addition, the newsroom has become a community of people who want to support the independent journalism we're doing here.
273
And I'm deeply appreciative of that.
274
Over on the newsroom, you can get access to a behind-the-scenes vlog
275
that we do every month that introduces you to the team, shows you what we're up to, how we do what we do.
276
just sort of gives you a behind the scenes.
277
And then you also get access to my scripts.
278
You get access to Tom Fox music if you want.
279
But more importantly, you get access to the warm, fuzzy feeling that you are supporting independent journalism on YouTube.
280
So I think that's why most people subscribe to the newsroom is because it is supporting this kind of work.
281
Other ways you can support, we've got LUTs and presets, which are how we color our videos and our photos.
282
I made a map poster that I really like that's super cool
283
and fun and if you have purchased it please tag me on instagram
284
so you can show me what it looks like in your
285
room um we launched a new channel that's probably a huge
286
thing i should have said first search party is a new channel
287
that is live now we launched it with my old colleague
288
from vox sam ellis the creator of vox atlas he now has his own channel
289
and it is in collaboration with us and we are all working together now
290
and it's awesome
291
so search party is live i think those are all the
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things I need to tell you here in this little end part of the video.
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I'm looking forward to hearing your thoughts and your comments.
294
I always appreciate the back and forth and the dialogue and the feedback.
295
So keep that up.
296
And thank you, Copilot, for sponsoring today's video.
297
Thank you all for being here.
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I'll see you in the next one.
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Thank you.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Your Olive Oil is (probably) a Lie”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：oil, olive, virgin, extra, Italy。 这段视频共有 299 个句子、3860 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 21:46。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 177 个词，接近日常对话。 82% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| olive 名词 | /ˈɑ.lɪv/ | 橄欖 /橄榄 |
| mafia 名词 | /ˈmɑfi.ə/ | 黑手黨 /黑手党, 秘密政黨 /秘密政党 |
| workout 名词 | /ˈwɝk.aʊ̯t/ | 鍛煉 /锻炼 or 鍛鍊 /锻炼 |
| grove 名词 | /ɡɹoʊv/ | 林子, 小樹林 /小树林 |
| delicate 形容词 | /ˈdɛl.ɪ.kət/ | 微妙, 纖巧 /纤巧 |
| newsroom 名词 | /ˈnjuːzɹuːm/ | 編輯部 /编辑部 |
| shelf 名词 | /ʃɛlf/ | 架子 |
| accountable 形容词 | /əˈkaʊntəbl̩/ | 有責任的 /有责任的, 有解說義務的 /有解说义务的 |
| sponsor 名词 | /ˈspɒn.səː/ | 保證人 /保证人 |
| journalism 名词 | /ˈd͡ʒɝnl̩ˌɪzəm/ | 新聞學 /新闻学, 新聞界 /新闻界 |
| ambiguity 名词 | /æm.bɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/ | 模棱兩可的詞句 /模棱两可的词句, 有歧義的詞句 /有歧义的词句 |
| chlorophyll 名词 | /ˈklɔɹ.ə.fɪl/ | 葉綠素 /叶绿素 |
| importer 名词 | /ɪmˈpɔː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)/ | 進口商 /进口商 |
| obsess 动词 | /əbˈsɛs/ | 迷住, 著魔 |
| consume 动词 | /kənˈsum/ | 耗費 /耗费, 消耗 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| work out 动词 | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | 計算 /计算, 算出 |
| come together 动词 | /ˈkʌm tʊˈɡɛðɚ/ | 集合, 联合 |
| check out 动词 | 退房 | |
| figure out 动词 | 弄清楚 | |
| go out 动词 | 出, 出口 | |
| look forward to 动词 | 期待, 向往 | |
| put together 动词 | 拼合, 組合 /组合 |
值得反复跟读的句子
视频中简短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常对话里：
- Can we make it harder?
- Like, you're like, so what do I start with?
- I don't want to think.
- Can you ever try the real stuff?
- Am I too obsessed with olive oil?
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成进行时 have/has been + -ing — 以前开始、现在仍在继续的动作 | I've been working · have been sitting |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | have executed · you've never actually tasted · I've told |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | were loaded · were arrested · is named |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | times, which is · police, which is · people who try |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 50 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 I'm, don't, we're。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: shelf /ʃɛlf/, machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/, demonstration /dɛmənˈstɹeɪʃən/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: ambiguity /æm.bɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/, opportunistic /ˌɑ.pɚˌt(j)uːˈnɪs.tɪk/, investigative /ɪnˈvɛstɪɡətɪv/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, ideally /aɪˈdi.ə.li/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: olive /ˈɑ.lɪv/, grove /ɡɹoʊv/, harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/, intensive /ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/, investigative /ɪnˈvɛstɪɡətɪv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: olive /ˈɑ.lɪv/, workout /ˈwɝk.aʊ̯t/, grove /ɡɹoʊv/, delicate /ˈdɛl.ɪ.kət/, shelf /ʃɛlf/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: chlorophyll /ˈklɔɹ.ə.fɪl/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 olive, mafia, workout 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。